Maternal sociodemographic and health behaviours associated with adiposity in infants as measured by air displacement plethysmography

• Published in: Early human development Vol. 140; p. 104887
• Main Authors: Bennett, Annemarie E., Kearney, John M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.01.2020
• Subjects: Air displacement plethysmography; Body composition; Infancy; Maternal body mass index; Obesity; Overweight; Obesity; Maternal body mass index; Infancy; Air displacement plethysmography; Body composition; Overweight
• ISSN: 0378-3782; 1872-6232; 1872-6232
• DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104887

Identifying modifiable factors associated with body fat in infancy may improve health outcomes. Few studies have examined factors associated with percentage body fat calculated using air displacement plethysmography, a gold standard technique. To investigate maternal sociodemographic and health behaviour characteristics associated with percentage body fat in offspring at birth. Observational cross-sectional study in which the body composition of term infants was measured by air displacement plethysmography during the hospital stay after birth. One-hundred-and-ninety-six women and their term (37–42 weeks) infants. Associations between infant body composition and maternal sociodemographic and health characteristics. One-hundred-and-ninety-six women (41.8% primiparous) participated. Mean percentage body fat among infants (51.5% female) was 10.3 ± 3.7. Percentage body fat was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in infants born to women with an obese or overweight body mass index (BMI), when compared to infants born to women with a healthy BMI (12.1 ± 4.0, 11.1 ± 3.1, and 9.2 ± 3.7, respectively). A significant positive correlation (r = 0.294) was observed, with the percentage body fat of infants born to women with an overweight or obese BMI being 17.1% and 23.9% higher, respectively, than that of infants born to women with a healthy weight BMI. Percentage body fat was lower in infants born to primiparous women (p = 0.011) and women of low social class (p = 0.003). Infants born to women with an overweight or obese pre-pregnancy BMI had significantly higher mean percentage body fat when compared to infants born to women with a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI. Research into approaches that promote a healthy BMI in advance of pregnancy is warranted. •Identifying factors associated with neonatal adiposity may improve health outcomes.•Percentage body fat was measured at birth using air displacement plethysmography.•Women with pre-pregnancy overweight had infants with higher percentage body fat.•Interventions that promote a healthy body mass index before pregnancy are needed.