The cell biology of fertilization: Gamete attachment and fusion

Fertilization is defined as the union of two gametes. During fertilization, sperm and egg fuse to form a diploid zygote to initiate prenatal development. In mammals, fertilization involves multiple ordered steps, including the acrosome reaction, zona pellucida penetration, sperm–egg attachment, and...

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Published inThe Journal of cell biology Vol. 220; no. 10
Main Authors Siu, Karen K., Serrão, Vitor Hugo B., Ziyyat, Ahmed, Lee, Jeffrey E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Rockefeller University Press 04.10.2021
Subjects
Acrosome reaction
Adhesion
Animal models
Attachment
Biochemistry
Biology
Cell Biology
Diploids
Eggs
Fertilization
Gametes
Humans
In vitro fertilization
Membrane Fusion
Prenatal development
Review
Sperm
Structural Biology
Structure-function relationships
Zona pellucida
Zygotes
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0021-9525
1540-8140
1540-8140
DOI10.1083/jcb.202102146

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Abstract Fertilization is defined as the union of two gametes. During fertilization, sperm and egg fuse to form a diploid zygote to initiate prenatal development. In mammals, fertilization involves multiple ordered steps, including the acrosome reaction, zona pellucida penetration, sperm–egg attachment, and membrane fusion. Given the success of in vitro fertilization, one would think that the mechanisms of fertilization are understood; however, the precise details for many of the steps in fertilization remain a mystery. Recent studies using genetic knockout mouse models and structural biology are providing valuable insight into the molecular basis of sperm–egg attachment and fusion. Here, we review the cell biology of fertilization, specifically summarizing data from recent structural and functional studies that provide insights into the interactions involved in human gamete attachment and fusion.
AbstractList Fertilization is defined as the union of two gametes. During fertilization, sperm and egg fuse to form a diploid zygote to initiate prenatal development. In mammals, fertilization involves multiple ordered steps, including the acrosome reaction, zona pellucida penetration, sperm–egg attachment, and membrane fusion. Given the success of in vitro fertilization, one would think that the mechanisms of fertilization are understood; however, the precise details for many of the steps in fertilization remain a mystery. Recent studies using genetic knockout mouse models and structural biology are providing valuable insight into the molecular basis of sperm–egg attachment and fusion. Here, we review the cell biology of fertilization, specifically summarizing data from recent structural and functional studies that provide insights into the interactions involved in human gamete attachment and fusion.
Fertilization is defined as the union of two gametes. During fertilization, sperm and egg fuse to form a diploid zygote to initiate prenatal development. In mammals, fertilization involves multiple ordered steps, including the acrosome reaction, zona pellucida penetration, sperm-egg attachment, and membrane fusion. Given the success of in vitro fertilization, one would think that the mechanisms of fertilization are understood; however, the precise details for many of the steps in fertilization remain a mystery. Recent studies using genetic knockout mouse models and structural biology are providing valuable insight into the molecular basis of sperm-egg attachment and fusion. Here, we review the cell biology of fertilization, specifically summarizing data from recent structural and functional studies that provide insights into the interactions involved in human gamete attachment and fusion.Fertilization is defined as the union of two gametes. During fertilization, sperm and egg fuse to form a diploid zygote to initiate prenatal development. In mammals, fertilization involves multiple ordered steps, including the acrosome reaction, zona pellucida penetration, sperm-egg attachment, and membrane fusion. Given the success of in vitro fertilization, one would think that the mechanisms of fertilization are understood; however, the precise details for many of the steps in fertilization remain a mystery. Recent studies using genetic knockout mouse models and structural biology are providing valuable insight into the molecular basis of sperm-egg attachment and fusion. Here, we review the cell biology of fertilization, specifically summarizing data from recent structural and functional studies that provide insights into the interactions involved in human gamete attachment and fusion.
Siu et al. review the cell biology of fertilization with a focus on the factors involved in gamete attachment and fusion. Fertilization is defined as the union of two gametes. During fertilization, sperm and egg fuse to form a diploid zygote to initiate prenatal development. In mammals, fertilization involves multiple ordered steps, including the acrosome reaction, zona pellucida penetration, sperm–egg attachment, and membrane fusion. Given the success of in vitro fertilization, one would think that the mechanisms of fertilization are understood; however, the precise details for many of the steps in fertilization remain a mystery. Recent studies using genetic knockout mouse models and structural biology are providing valuable insight into the molecular basis of sperm–egg attachment and fusion. Here, we review the cell biology of fertilization, specifically summarizing data from recent structural and functional studies that provide insights into the interactions involved in human gamete attachment and fusion.
Author Siu, Karen K.
Ziyyat, Ahmed
Serrão, Vitor Hugo B.
Lee, Jeffrey E.
AuthorAffiliation 2 Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3 Service d’Histologie, d’Embryologie, Biologie de la Reproduction, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Service d’Histologie, d’Embryologie, Biologie de la Reproduction, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
– name: 2 Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
– name: 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-0005-8566
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  fullname: Siu, Karen K.
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  surname: Serrão
  fullname: Serrão, Vitor Hugo B.
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  surname: Ziyyat
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– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jeffrey E.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2172-6586
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Jeffrey E.
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34459848$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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V.H.B. Serrão’s present address is Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA.
K.K. Siu and V.H.B. Serrão contributed equally to this paper.
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Snippet Fertilization is defined as the union of two gametes. During fertilization, sperm and egg fuse to form a diploid zygote to initiate prenatal development. In...
Siu et al. review the cell biology of fertilization with a focus on the factors involved in gamete attachment and fusion. Fertilization is defined as the union...
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SubjectTerms Acrosome reaction
Adhesion
Animal models
Attachment
Biochemistry
Biology
Cell Biology
Diploids
Eggs
Fertilization
Gametes
Humans
In vitro fertilization
Membrane Fusion
Prenatal development
Review
Sperm
Structural Biology
Structure-function relationships
Zona pellucida
Zygotes
Title The cell biology of fertilization: Gamete attachment and fusion
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34459848
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2581540965
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2566256859
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8406655
Volume 220
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