Pneumococcal vaccination reduced the risk of acute otitis media: Cohort study

Background Seven‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, and after that invasive pneumococcal disease has gradually decreased. There are few data, however, on the effectiveness of PCV7 against acute otitis media (AOM) in Japan. Methods From 10 daycare centers in...

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Published in	Pediatrics international Vol. 57; no. 4; pp. 582 - 585
Main Authors	Hasegawa, Junko, Mori, Mitsuru, Showa, Satoko, Matsushima, Aiko, Ohnishi, Hirofumi, Tsugawa, Takeshi, Yoto, Yuko, Tsutsumi, Hiroyuki
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Australia Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.08.2015
Subjects	Acute Disease acute otitis media Child Child, Preschool children cohort study Ear diseases effectiveness Female Follow-Up Studies Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine - pharmacology Humans Incidence Infant Japan - epidemiology Male Maternal & child health Otitis Media - epidemiology Otitis Media - microbiology Otitis Media - prevention & control Pediatrics pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology Pneumococcal Infections - prevention & control Pneumonia Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies Streptococcus pneumoniae - immunology Vaccination - methods Vaccines Vaccines, Conjugate effectiveness acute otitis media cohort study children pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
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ISSN	1328-8067 1442-200X 1442-200X
DOI	10.1111/ped.12587

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Abstract	Background Seven‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, and after that invasive pneumococcal disease has gradually decreased. There are few data, however, on the effectiveness of PCV7 against acute otitis media (AOM) in Japan. Methods From 10 daycare centers in Sapporo, Japan, 614 parents participated in the survey. Each parent reported whether their child subject had received one or more doses of PCV7, and, if so, the exact dates of receiving PCV7 were verified by reviewing their maternal and child health handbooks marked by a pediatrician. AOM was diagnosed by otorhinolaryngologist or pediatrician. Cox's proportional hazard model was used for calculating the hazard ratio (HR) of AOM incidence reduced by PCV7 inoculation. Results Inoculation of PCV7 significantly reduced the risk of AOM (crude HR, 0.63; 95%CI: 0.50–0.79). Adjusting for potentially confounding variables reduced the risk further (adjusted HR, 0.32; 95%CI: 0.23–0.44). On stratification by subject age on 30 April 2012, PCV7 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AOM in both infants <3 years old, and in children ≥3 years. Conclusion PCV7 is effectiveness in reducing the risk of AOM both in infants <3 years old, and in young children ≥3 years in Japan.
AbstractList	Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, and after that invasive pneumococcal disease has gradually decreased. There are few data, however, on the effectiveness of PCV7 against acute otitis media (AOM) in Japan. From 10 daycare centers in Sapporo, Japan, 614 parents participated in the survey. Each parent reported whether their child subject had received one or more doses of PCV7, and, if so, the exact dates of receiving PCV7 were verified by reviewing their maternal and child health handbooks marked by a pediatrician. AOM was diagnosed by otorhinolaryngologist or pediatrician. Cox's proportional hazard model was used for calculating the hazard ratio (HR) of AOM incidence reduced by PCV7 inoculation. Inoculation of PCV7 significantly reduced the risk of AOM (crude HR, 0.63; 95%CI: 0.50-0.79). Adjusting for potentially confounding variables reduced the risk further (adjusted HR, 0.32; 95%CI: 0.23-0.44). On stratification by subject age on 30 April 2012, PCV7 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AOM in both infants < 3 years old, and in children ≥ 3 years. PCV7 is effectiveness in reducing the risk of AOM both in infants < 3 years old, and in young children ≥ 3 years in Japan. Background Seven‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, and after that invasive pneumococcal disease has gradually decreased. There are few data, however, on the effectiveness of PCV7 against acute otitis media (AOM) in Japan. Methods From 10 daycare centers in Sapporo, Japan, 614 parents participated in the survey. Each parent reported whether their child subject had received one or more doses of PCV7, and, if so, the exact dates of receiving PCV7 were verified by reviewing their maternal and child health handbooks marked by a pediatrician. AOM was diagnosed by otorhinolaryngologist or pediatrician. Cox's proportional hazard model was used for calculating the hazard ratio (HR) of AOM incidence reduced by PCV7 inoculation. Results Inoculation of PCV7 significantly reduced the risk of AOM (crude HR, 0.63; 95%CI: 0.50–0.79). Adjusting for potentially confounding variables reduced the risk further (adjusted HR, 0.32; 95%CI: 0.23–0.44). On stratification by subject age on 30 April 2012, PCV7 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AOM in both infants <3 years old, and in children ≥3 years. Conclusion PCV7 is effectiveness in reducing the risk of AOM both in infants <3 years old, and in young children ≥3 years in Japan. Background Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, and after that invasive pneumococcal disease has gradually decreased. There are few data, however, on the effectiveness of PCV7 against acute otitis media (AOM) in Japan. Methods From 10 daycare centers in Sapporo, Japan, 614 parents participated in the survey. Each parent reported whether their child subject had received one or more doses of PCV7, and, if so, the exact dates of receiving PCV7 were verified by reviewing their maternal and child health handbooks marked by a pediatrician. AOM was diagnosed by otorhinolaryngologist or pediatrician. Cox's proportional hazard model was used for calculating the hazard ratio (HR) of AOM incidence reduced by PCV7 inoculation. Results Inoculation of PCV7 significantly reduced the risk of AOM (crude HR, 0.63; 95%CI: 0.50-0.79). Adjusting for potentially confounding variables reduced the risk further (adjusted HR, 0.32; 95%CI: 0.23-0.44). On stratification by subject age on 30 April 2012, PCV7 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AOM in both infants <3years old, and in children ≥3years. Conclusion PCV7 is effectiveness in reducing the risk of AOM both in infants <3years old, and in young children ≥3years in Japan. Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, and after that invasive pneumococcal disease has gradually decreased. There are few data, however, on the effectiveness of PCV7 against acute otitis media (AOM) in Japan.BACKGROUNDSeven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, and after that invasive pneumococcal disease has gradually decreased. There are few data, however, on the effectiveness of PCV7 against acute otitis media (AOM) in Japan.From 10 daycare centers in Sapporo, Japan, 614 parents participated in the survey. Each parent reported whether their child subject had received one or more doses of PCV7, and, if so, the exact dates of receiving PCV7 were verified by reviewing their maternal and child health handbooks marked by a pediatrician. AOM was diagnosed by otorhinolaryngologist or pediatrician. Cox's proportional hazard model was used for calculating the hazard ratio (HR) of AOM incidence reduced by PCV7 inoculation.METHODSFrom 10 daycare centers in Sapporo, Japan, 614 parents participated in the survey. Each parent reported whether their child subject had received one or more doses of PCV7, and, if so, the exact dates of receiving PCV7 were verified by reviewing their maternal and child health handbooks marked by a pediatrician. AOM was diagnosed by otorhinolaryngologist or pediatrician. Cox's proportional hazard model was used for calculating the hazard ratio (HR) of AOM incidence reduced by PCV7 inoculation.Inoculation of PCV7 significantly reduced the risk of AOM (crude HR, 0.63; 95%CI: 0.50-0.79). Adjusting for potentially confounding variables reduced the risk further (adjusted HR, 0.32; 95%CI: 0.23-0.44). On stratification by subject age on 30 April 2012, PCV7 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AOM in both infants < 3 years old, and in children ≥ 3 years.RESULTSInoculation of PCV7 significantly reduced the risk of AOM (crude HR, 0.63; 95%CI: 0.50-0.79). Adjusting for potentially confounding variables reduced the risk further (adjusted HR, 0.32; 95%CI: 0.23-0.44). On stratification by subject age on 30 April 2012, PCV7 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AOM in both infants < 3 years old, and in children ≥ 3 years.PCV7 is effectiveness in reducing the risk of AOM both in infants < 3 years old, and in young children ≥ 3 years in Japan.CONCLUSIONPCV7 is effectiveness in reducing the risk of AOM both in infants < 3 years old, and in young children ≥ 3 years in Japan.
Author	Matsushima, Aiko Mori, Mitsuru Hasegawa, Junko Yoto, Yuko Showa, Satoko Ohnishi, Hirofumi Tsugawa, Takeshi Tsutsumi, Hiroyuki
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Cites_doi	10.1089/mdr.2012.0180 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69637-2 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.04.021 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70012-8 10.1097/00006454-200003000-00003 10.1128/JCM.01782-08 10.1542/peds.2006-0492 10.1542/peds.2012-3488 10.1001/archinte.165.3.265 10.1056/NEJM200102083440602 10.1186/1741-7015-12-107 10.1097/INF.0b013e318159228f 10.1542/peds.2006-2138 10.1186/1465-9921-8-12 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.058 10.1093/infdis/160.1.83 10.1093/clinids/22.6.1079 10.1371/journal.pone.0068711 10.1093/ije/dyi274 10.1017/S0950268813002744 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.81.59 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70236-0 10.1097/00006454-200301000-00006
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References_xml	– reference: Simonsen L, Taylor RJ, Viboud G, Miler MA, Jackson LA. Mortality benefits of influenza vaccination in elderly people: An ongoing controversy. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2007; 7: 658-666. – reference: de Hoog MLA, Venekamp RP, van der Ent CK et al. Impact of early daycare on healthcare resource use related to upper respiratory tract infections during childhood: Prospective WHISTLER cohort study. BMC Med. 2014; 12: 107. – reference: Eskola J, Kilpi T, Palmu A et al. Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 344: 403-409. – reference: Kato T. Epidemiology of otitis media investigated from questionnaire at school medical examination. J. Jpn. Soc. Infect. Dis. Otorhinolaryngol. 2012; 30: 51-54 (in Japanese). – reference: Uhari M, Mäntysaari K, Niemelä M. A meta-analytic review of the risk factors for acute otitis media. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1996; 22: 1079-1083. – reference: Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T et al. The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics 2013; 131: e964-999. – reference: Hotomi M, Billal D, Kamide Y et al. Serotype distribution and penicillin resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from middle ear fluids of pediatric patients with acute otitis media in Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2008; 46: 3808-3810. – reference: Jackson LA, Jackson ML, Nelson JG, Neuzil KM, Weiss NS. Evidence of bias estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in seniors. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2006; 35: 337-344. – reference: O'Brien KL, David AB, Chandran A et al. Randomized, controlled trial efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against otitis media among Navajo and White Mountain Apache infants. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2008; 27: 71-73. – reference: Vergison A, Dagan R, Arguedas A et al. Otitis media and its consequences: Beyond the earache. Lancet Infect. 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Snippet	Background Seven‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, and after that invasive pneumococcal disease has gradually... Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, and after that invasive pneumococcal disease has gradually decreased. There... Background Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2009, and after that invasive pneumococcal disease has gradually...
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SubjectTerms	Acute Disease acute otitis media Child Child, Preschool children cohort study Ear diseases effectiveness Female Follow-Up Studies Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine - pharmacology Humans Incidence Infant Japan - epidemiology Male Maternal & child health Otitis Media - epidemiology Otitis Media - microbiology Otitis Media - prevention & control Pediatrics pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology Pneumococcal Infections - prevention & control Pneumonia Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies Streptococcus pneumoniae - immunology Vaccination - methods Vaccines Vaccines, Conjugate
Title	Pneumococcal vaccination reduced the risk of acute otitis media: Cohort study
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