Human biomonitoring studies in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
The areas along the rivers Rhine, Ruhr and Wupper in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, represent the largest urban and industrial agglomeration in Europe with about 10 million inhabitants. Human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have been conducted in these areas since more than 30 years, mainly desi...
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| Published in | International journal of hygiene and environmental health Vol. 210; no. 3; pp. 307 - 318 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article Conference Proceeding |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Jena
Elsevier GmbH
01.05.2007
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1438-4639 1618-131X |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.01.039 |
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| Abstract | The areas along the rivers Rhine, Ruhr and Wupper in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, represent the largest urban and industrial agglomeration in Europe with about 10 million inhabitants. Human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have been conducted in these areas since more than 30 years, mainly designed to evaluate internal exposure to air pollutants. Recent studies were focussed on residents living near industrial sources. The contaminants studied comprise heavy metals, metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and markers of DNA exposure. Study groups were mainly children and elderly subjects. Human milk, blood, urine, teeth, hair and nails were investigated. Time trend analyses demonstrate a significant decline of exposure to many contaminants such as POPs and heavy metals. More recent studies suggest that there still is an increased internal exposure to metals, PAH and DNA damaging agents in children and women living very close to industrial sources. |
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| AbstractList | The areas along the rivers Rhine, Ruhr and Wupper in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, represent the largest urban and industrial agglomeration in Europe with about 10 million inhabitants. Human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have been conducted in these areas since more than 30 years, mainly designed to evaluate internal exposure to air pollutants. Recent studies were focussed on residents living near industrial sources. The contaminants studied comprise heavy metals, metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and markers of DNA exposure. Study groups were mainly children and elderly subjects. Human milk, blood, urine, teeth, hair and nails were investigated. Time trend analyses demonstrate a significant decline of exposure to many contaminants such as POPs and heavy metals. More recent studies suggest that there still is an increased internal exposure to metals, PAH and DNA damaging agents in children and women living very close to industrial sources. The areas along the rivers Rhine, Ruhr and Wupper in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, represent the largest urban and industrial agglomeration in Europe with about 10 million inhabitants. Human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have been conducted in these areas since more than 30 years, mainly designed to evaluate internal exposure to air pollutants. Recent studies were focussed on residents living near industrial sources. The contaminants studied comprise heavy metals, metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and markers of DNA exposure. Study groups were mainly children and elderly subjects. Human milk, blood, urine, teeth, hair and nails were investigated. Time trend analyses demonstrate a significant decline of exposure to many contaminants such as POPs and heavy metals. More recent studies suggest that there still is an increased internal exposure to metals, PAH and DNA damaging agents in children and women living very close to industrial sources.The areas along the rivers Rhine, Ruhr and Wupper in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, represent the largest urban and industrial agglomeration in Europe with about 10 million inhabitants. Human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have been conducted in these areas since more than 30 years, mainly designed to evaluate internal exposure to air pollutants. Recent studies were focussed on residents living near industrial sources. The contaminants studied comprise heavy metals, metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and markers of DNA exposure. Study groups were mainly children and elderly subjects. Human milk, blood, urine, teeth, hair and nails were investigated. Time trend analyses demonstrate a significant decline of exposure to many contaminants such as POPs and heavy metals. More recent studies suggest that there still is an increased internal exposure to metals, PAH and DNA damaging agents in children and women living very close to industrial sources. Human biomonitoring (HBM) studies in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, were conducted. HBM studies showed a remarkable decrease of exposure to lead and cadmium and of exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the general population of the highly industrialized regions of NRW. Elevated levels of internal burden with xenobiotics were shown, which could partially be explained by related environmental exposure. It was suggested to monitor the background exposure to POPs via food chain. The conclusion drawn was that in highly industrialized regions, hot spots that emitted specific substances above background levels, such as metals of PAH, existed and caused health concern for the exposed populations. |
| Author | Wittsiepe, Jürgen Marczynski, Boleslaw Ewers, Ulrich Ranft, Ulrich Wilhelm, Michael Fürst, Peter Angerer, Jürgen Hölzer, Jürgen Eberwein, Georg |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michael surname: Wilhelm fullname: Wilhelm, Michael email: wilhelm@hygiene.rub.de organization: Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Ulrich surname: Ewers fullname: Ewers, Ulrich organization: Hygiene Institute of the Ruhr Area, Gelsenkirchen, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Jürgen surname: Wittsiepe fullname: Wittsiepe, Jürgen organization: Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Peter surname: Fürst fullname: Fürst, Peter organization: Chemical and Veterinary State Control Laboratory, Münster, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: Jürgen surname: Hölzer fullname: Hölzer, Jürgen organization: Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Georg surname: Eberwein fullname: Eberwein, Georg organization: North Rhine-Westphalia State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection (LANUV-NRW), Recklinghausen, Germany – sequence: 7 givenname: Jürgen surname: Angerer fullname: Angerer, Jürgen organization: Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany – sequence: 8 givenname: Boleslaw surname: Marczynski fullname: Marczynski, Boleslaw organization: Research Institute of Occupational Medicine (BGFA), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany – sequence: 9 givenname: Ulrich surname: Ranft fullname: Ranft, Ulrich organization: Institute for Environmental Medical Research at the Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany |
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| Keywords | Urine Cadmium t, t-muconic acid Child–mother pairs Hydroxyphenanthrenes DNA stand breaks PAH metabolites POPs 1-hydroxypyrene PCB Blood Lymphocytes Chromium Lead Human milk Human biomonitoring PCDD/F Nickel Children Germany North Rhine-Westphalia 8-oxodGuo S-phenylmercapturic acid Social environment Metabolite Biological monitoring Clinical biology Child-mother pairs Human Urban environment Polychlorobiphenyls Polycyclic aromatic compound Heavy metal DNA t,t-muconic acid |
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| References | Wilhelm, Eberwein, Holzer, Begerow, Sugiri, Gladtke, Ranft (bib43) 2005; 19 Wilhelm, Hafner, Lombeck, Ohnesorge (bib37) 1988; 60 Fürst, Fürst, Wilmers (bib26) 1994; 102 Ewers, Brockhaus, Genter, Idel, Schürmann (bib12) 1979; 44 Winneke, Krämer, Brockhaus, Ewers, Kujanek, Lechner, Jahnke (bib45) 1982; 51 Zander, Ewers, Freier, Jermann, Brockhaus (bib52) 1990; 190 Ewers, Brockhaus, Winneke, Freier, Jermann, Krämer (bib13) 1982; 50 Walkowiak, Wiener, Fastabend, Heinzow, Krämer, Schmidt, Steingrüber, Wundram, Winneke (bib36) 2001; 358 November 20 2006. Wittsiepe, Ewers, Schrey, Kramer, Exner, Selenka, Beine, Kemper, Schmeer, Weber (bib47) 1993; 5 Wilhelm, Ranft, Krämer, Wittsiepe, Lemm, Fürst, Greshake, Eberwein, Winneke (bib44) 2006; 68 Ewers, Turfeld, Freier, Hofstetter, Stemmann, Brockhaus (bib23) 1996; 198 Krämer, Koch, Ranft, Ring, Behrendt (bib31) 2000; 29 Jermann, Hajimiragha, Brockhaus, Freier, Ewers, Roscuvanu (bib30) 1989; 189 Brockhaus, Dolgner, Ewers, Soddemann, Wiegand (bib5) 1981; 48 Gündel, Mannschreck, Büttner, Ewers, Angerer (bib28) 1996; 31 Wittsiepe, J., Fürst, P., Wilhelm, M., 2007b. The 2005 World Health Organization re-evaluation of TEFs for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds – What are the consequences for German human background levels? Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 210, 337–341. LUA (Landesumweltamt), 2004. 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| Title | Human biomonitoring studies in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany |
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