Phylogenetic analyses of 41 Y-STRs and machine learning-based haplogroup prediction in the Qingdao Han population from Shandong province, Eastern China
Known for its rich history and culture, Qingdao is a typical symbol of Chinese maritime culture. Its unique genetic landscape has aroused interest among geneticists and forensic scientists. However, the genetic landscape of Qingdao has never been uncovered. This investigation intends to provide ligh...
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| Published in | Annals of human biology Vol. 50; no. 1; pp. 35 - 41 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Taylor & Francis
02.01.2023
Taylor & Francis Group |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0301-4460 1464-5033 1464-5033 |
| DOI | 10.1080/03014460.2023.2168057 |
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| Abstract | Known for its rich history and culture, Qingdao is a typical symbol of Chinese maritime culture. Its unique genetic landscape has aroused interest among geneticists and forensic scientists. However, the genetic landscape of Qingdao has never been uncovered.
This investigation intends to provide light on Qingdao's paternal genetic diversity and its evolutionary connections to other Han subgroups.
The genetic polymorphisms of 41 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the Qingdao Han were investigated using SureID
®
PathFinder Plus Kit. Phylogenetic studies were performed using genotype data from 52 East Asian groups at 23 common Y-STR loci. A multidimensional scaling plot and cladogram were constructed. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was carried out for predicting categories among the Han people. The k-nearest neighbour (kNN) algorithm was utilised to designate Y-SNP haplogroups for each haplotype.
The Qingdao Han were genetically far from the Tibeto-Burman populations and close with the Han people from northern China. LDA indicated a deep integration among the present-day Han people. By the kNN model, the predicted O2a2 and O2a1 were shown to be the predominant Y-SNP haplogroups.
This study would be helpful for reconstructing the patrilineal history in China and establishing a more comprehensive Y-STR database. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background Known for its rich history and culture, Qingdao is a typical symbol of Chinese maritime culture. Its unique genetic landscape has aroused interest among geneticists and forensic scientists. However, the genetic landscape of Qingdao has never been uncovered. Aim This investigation intends to provide light on Qingdao’s paternal genetic diversity and its evolutionary connections to other Han subgroups. Subjects and methods The genetic polymorphisms of 41 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the Qingdao Han were investigated using SureID® PathFinder Plus Kit. Phylogenetic studies were performed using genotype data from 52 East Asian groups at 23 common Y-STR loci. A multidimensional scaling plot and cladogram were constructed. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was carried out for predicting categories among the Han people. The k-nearest neighbour (kNN) algorithm was utilised to designate Y-SNP haplogroups for each haplotype. Results The Qingdao Han were genetically far from the Tibeto-Burman populations and close with the Han people from northern China. LDA indicated a deep integration among the present-day Han people. By the kNN model, the predicted O2a2 and O2a1 were shown to be the predominant Y-SNP haplogroups. Conclusions This study would be helpful for reconstructing the patrilineal history in China and establishing a more comprehensive Y-STR database. Known for its rich history and culture, Qingdao is a typical symbol of Chinese maritime culture. Its unique genetic landscape has aroused interest among geneticists and forensic scientists. However, the genetic landscape of Qingdao has never been uncovered. This investigation intends to provide light on Qingdao's paternal genetic diversity and its evolutionary connections to other Han subgroups. The genetic polymorphisms of 41 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the Qingdao Han were investigated using SureID ® PathFinder Plus Kit. Phylogenetic studies were performed using genotype data from 52 East Asian groups at 23 common Y-STR loci. A multidimensional scaling plot and cladogram were constructed. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was carried out for predicting categories among the Han people. The k-nearest neighbour (kNN) algorithm was utilised to designate Y-SNP haplogroups for each haplotype. The Qingdao Han were genetically far from the Tibeto-Burman populations and close with the Han people from northern China. LDA indicated a deep integration among the present-day Han people. By the kNN model, the predicted O2a2 and O2a1 were shown to be the predominant Y-SNP haplogroups. This study would be helpful for reconstructing the patrilineal history in China and establishing a more comprehensive Y-STR database. Known for its rich history and culture, Qingdao is a typical symbol of Chinese maritime culture. Its unique genetic landscape has aroused interest among geneticists and forensic scientists. However, the genetic landscape of Qingdao has never been uncovered.BACKGROUNDKnown for its rich history and culture, Qingdao is a typical symbol of Chinese maritime culture. Its unique genetic landscape has aroused interest among geneticists and forensic scientists. However, the genetic landscape of Qingdao has never been uncovered.This investigation intends to provide light on Qingdao's paternal genetic diversity and its evolutionary connections to other Han subgroups.AIMThis investigation intends to provide light on Qingdao's paternal genetic diversity and its evolutionary connections to other Han subgroups.The genetic polymorphisms of 41 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the Qingdao Han were investigated using SureID® PathFinder Plus Kit. Phylogenetic studies were performed using genotype data from 52 East Asian groups at 23 common Y-STR loci. A multidimensional scaling plot and cladogram were constructed. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was carried out for predicting categories among the Han people. The k-nearest neighbour (kNN) algorithm was utilised to designate Y-SNP haplogroups for each haplotype.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe genetic polymorphisms of 41 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the Qingdao Han were investigated using SureID® PathFinder Plus Kit. Phylogenetic studies were performed using genotype data from 52 East Asian groups at 23 common Y-STR loci. A multidimensional scaling plot and cladogram were constructed. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was carried out for predicting categories among the Han people. The k-nearest neighbour (kNN) algorithm was utilised to designate Y-SNP haplogroups for each haplotype.The Qingdao Han were genetically far from the Tibeto-Burman populations and close with the Han people from northern China. LDA indicated a deep integration among the present-day Han people. By the kNN model, the predicted O2a2 and O2a1 were shown to be the predominant Y-SNP haplogroups.RESULTSThe Qingdao Han were genetically far from the Tibeto-Burman populations and close with the Han people from northern China. LDA indicated a deep integration among the present-day Han people. By the kNN model, the predicted O2a2 and O2a1 were shown to be the predominant Y-SNP haplogroups.This study would be helpful for reconstructing the patrilineal history in China and establishing a more comprehensive Y-STR database.CONCLUSIONSThis study would be helpful for reconstructing the patrilineal history in China and establishing a more comprehensive Y-STR database. Known for its rich history and culture, Qingdao is a typical symbol of Chinese maritime culture. Its unique genetic landscape has aroused interest among geneticists and forensic scientists. However, the genetic landscape of Qingdao has never been uncovered. This investigation intends to provide light on Qingdao's paternal genetic diversity and its evolutionary connections to other Han subgroups. The genetic polymorphisms of 41 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the Qingdao Han were investigated using SureID PathFinder Plus Kit. Phylogenetic studies were performed using genotype data from 52 East Asian groups at 23 common Y-STR loci. A multidimensional scaling plot and cladogram were constructed. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was carried out for predicting categories among the Han people. The k-nearest neighbour (kNN) algorithm was utilised to designate Y-SNP haplogroups for each haplotype. The Qingdao Han were genetically far from the Tibeto-Burman populations and close with the Han people from northern China. LDA indicated a deep integration among the present-day Han people. By the kNN model, the predicted O2a2 and O2a1 were shown to be the predominant Y-SNP haplogroups. This study would be helpful for reconstructing the patrilineal history in China and establishing a more comprehensive Y-STR database. |
| Author | Jiang, Yao-Heng Jiang, De-Zhi Wuo, Nixon Austin He, Ying-Yun Fan, Guang-Yao Song, Wei |
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| Snippet | Known for its rich history and culture, Qingdao is a typical symbol of Chinese maritime culture. Its unique genetic landscape has aroused interest among... Background Known for its rich history and culture, Qingdao is a typical symbol of Chinese maritime culture. Its unique genetic landscape has aroused interest... |
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| SubjectTerms | China Chromosomes, Human, Y - genetics Ethnicity - genetics Gene Frequency Genetics, Population Haplotypes Humans machine learning Microsatellite Repeats - genetics patrilineal history Phylogeny Qingdao Han Y-STR |
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| Title | Phylogenetic analyses of 41 Y-STRs and machine learning-based haplogroup prediction in the Qingdao Han population from Shandong province, Eastern China |
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