Fungal immunity and pathogenesis in mammals versus the invertebrate model organism Galleria mellonella

ABSTRACT In recent decades, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have emerged as a model system to explore experimental aspects of fungal pathogenesis. The benefits of the G. mellonella model include being faster, cheaper, higher throughput and easier compared with vertebrate models. Additio...

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Published inPathogens and disease Vol. 79; no. 3
Main Authors F. Q. Smith, Daniel, Casadevall, Arturo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Oxford University Press 01.04.2021
Subjects
Animals
Antifungal agents
Butterflies & moths
Disease Models, Animal
Fungi
Fungi - immunology
Fungicides
Galleria mellonella
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Immune system
Immunity
Immunology
Invertebrates
Invertebrates - microbiology
Larva - immunology
Larva - microbiology
Lepidoptera
Mammals
Mammals - immunology
Mammals - microbiology
Minireview
Model testing
Moths - immunology
Moths - microbiology
Mycoses - immunology
Mycoses - microbiology
Pathogenesis
Vertebrates
Virulence
Virulence Factors
fungal virulence
lepidoptera
insect immune system
Galleria mellonella
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2049-632X
2049-632X
DOI10.1093/femspd/ftab013

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Abstract ABSTRACT In recent decades, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have emerged as a model system to explore experimental aspects of fungal pathogenesis. The benefits of the G. mellonella model include being faster, cheaper, higher throughput and easier compared with vertebrate models. Additionally, as invertebrates, their use is subject to fewer ethical and regulatory issues. However, for G. mellonella models to provide meaningful insight into fungal pathogenesis, the G. mellonella–fungal interactions must be comparable to mammalian–fungal interactions. Indeed, as discussed in the review, studies suggest that G. mellonella and mammalian immune systems share many similarities, and fungal virulence factors show conserved functions in both hosts. While the moth model has opened novel research areas, many comparisons are superficial and leave large gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed concerning specific mechanisms underlying G. mellonella–fungal interactions. Closing these gaps in understanding will strengthen G. mellonella as a model for fungal virulence in the upcoming years. In this review, we provide comprehensive comparisons between fungal pathogenesis in mammals and G. mellonella from immunological and virulence perspectives. When information on an antifungal immune component is unknown in G. mellonella, we include findings from other well-studied Lepidoptera. We hope that by outlining this information available in related species, we highlight areas of needed research and provide a framework for understanding G. mellonella immunity and fungal interactions. Galleria mellonella is a useful model for studying fungal infections with Galleria sharing many similarities with mammals' antifungal immune system and interactions with fungal virulence factors.
AbstractList In recent decades, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have emerged as a model system to explore experimental aspects of fungal pathogenesis. The benefits of the G. mellonella model include being faster, cheaper, higher throughput and easier compared with vertebrate models. Additionally, as invertebrates, their use is subject to fewer ethical and regulatory issues. However, for G. mellonella models to provide meaningful insight into fungal pathogenesis, the G. mellonella-fungal interactions must be comparable to mammalian-fungal interactions. Indeed, as discussed in the review, studies suggest that G. mellonella and mammalian immune systems share many similarities, and fungal virulence factors show conserved functions in both hosts. While the moth model has opened novel research areas, many comparisons are superficial and leave large gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed concerning specific mechanisms underlying G. mellonella-fungal interactions. Closing these gaps in understanding will strengthen G. mellonella as a model for fungal virulence in the upcoming years. In this review, we provide comprehensive comparisons between fungal pathogenesis in mammals and G. mellonella from immunological and virulence perspectives. When information on an antifungal immune component is unknown in G. mellonella, we include findings from other well-studied Lepidoptera. We hope that by outlining this information available in related species, we highlight areas of needed research and provide a framework for understanding G. mellonella immunity and fungal interactions.
In recent decades, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have emerged as a model system to explore experimental aspects of fungal pathogenesis. The benefits of the G. mellonella model include being faster, cheaper, higher throughput and easier compared with vertebrate models. Additionally, as invertebrates, their use is subject to fewer ethical and regulatory issues. However, for G. mellonella models to provide meaningful insight into fungal pathogenesis, the G. mellonella-fungal interactions must be comparable to mammalian-fungal interactions. Indeed, as discussed in the review, studies suggest that G. mellonella and mammalian immune systems share many similarities, and fungal virulence factors show conserved functions in both hosts. While the moth model has opened novel research areas, many comparisons are superficial and leave large gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed concerning specific mechanisms underlying G. mellonella-fungal interactions. Closing these gaps in understanding will strengthen G. mellonella as a model for fungal virulence in the upcoming years. In this review, we provide comprehensive comparisons between fungal pathogenesis in mammals and G. mellonella from immunological and virulence perspectives. When information on an antifungal immune component is unknown in G. mellonella, we include findings from other well-studied Lepidoptera. We hope that by outlining this information available in related species, we highlight areas of needed research and provide a framework for understanding G. mellonella immunity and fungal interactions.In recent decades, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have emerged as a model system to explore experimental aspects of fungal pathogenesis. The benefits of the G. mellonella model include being faster, cheaper, higher throughput and easier compared with vertebrate models. Additionally, as invertebrates, their use is subject to fewer ethical and regulatory issues. However, for G. mellonella models to provide meaningful insight into fungal pathogenesis, the G. mellonella-fungal interactions must be comparable to mammalian-fungal interactions. Indeed, as discussed in the review, studies suggest that G. mellonella and mammalian immune systems share many similarities, and fungal virulence factors show conserved functions in both hosts. While the moth model has opened novel research areas, many comparisons are superficial and leave large gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed concerning specific mechanisms underlying G. mellonella-fungal interactions. Closing these gaps in understanding will strengthen G. mellonella as a model for fungal virulence in the upcoming years. In this review, we provide comprehensive comparisons between fungal pathogenesis in mammals and G. mellonella from immunological and virulence perspectives. When information on an antifungal immune component is unknown in G. mellonella, we include findings from other well-studied Lepidoptera. We hope that by outlining this information available in related species, we highlight areas of needed research and provide a framework for understanding G. mellonella immunity and fungal interactions.
In recent decades, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have emerged as a model system to explore experimental aspects of fungal pathogenesis. The benefits of the G. mellonella model include being faster, cheaper, higher throughput and easier compared with vertebrate models. Additionally, as invertebrates, their use is subject to fewer ethical and regulatory issues. However, for G. mellonella models to provide meaningful insight into fungal pathogenesis, the G. mellonella–fungal interactions must be comparable to mammalian–fungal interactions. Indeed, as discussed in the review, studies suggest that G. mellonella and mammalian immune systems share many similarities, and fungal virulence factors show conserved functions in both hosts. While the moth model has opened novel research areas, many comparisons are superficial and leave large gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed concerning specific mechanisms underlying G. mellonella–fungal interactions. Closing these gaps in understanding will strengthen G. mellonella as a model for fungal virulence in the upcoming years. In this review, we provide comprehensive comparisons between fungal pathogenesis in mammals and G. mellonella from immunological and virulence perspectives. When information on an antifungal immune component is unknown in G. mellonella, we include findings from other well-studied Lepidoptera. We hope that by outlining this information available in related species, we highlight areas of needed research and provide a framework for understanding G. mellonella immunity and fungal interactions. Galleria mellonella is a useful model for studying fungal infections with Galleria sharing many similarities with mammals' antifungal immune system and interactions with fungal virulence factors.
ABSTRACT In recent decades, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have emerged as a model system to explore experimental aspects of fungal pathogenesis. The benefits of the G. mellonella model include being faster, cheaper, higher throughput and easier compared with vertebrate models. Additionally, as invertebrates, their use is subject to fewer ethical and regulatory issues. However, for G. mellonella models to provide meaningful insight into fungal pathogenesis, the G. mellonella–fungal interactions must be comparable to mammalian–fungal interactions. Indeed, as discussed in the review, studies suggest that G. mellonella and mammalian immune systems share many similarities, and fungal virulence factors show conserved functions in both hosts. While the moth model has opened novel research areas, many comparisons are superficial and leave large gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed concerning specific mechanisms underlying G. mellonella–fungal interactions. Closing these gaps in understanding will strengthen G. mellonella as a model for fungal virulence in the upcoming years. In this review, we provide comprehensive comparisons between fungal pathogenesis in mammals and G. mellonella from immunological and virulence perspectives. When information on an antifungal immune component is unknown in G. mellonella, we include findings from other well-studied Lepidoptera. We hope that by outlining this information available in related species, we highlight areas of needed research and provide a framework for understanding G. mellonella immunity and fungal interactions. Galleria mellonella is a useful model for studying fungal infections with Galleria sharing many similarities with mammals' antifungal immune system and interactions with fungal virulence factors.
Author F. Q. Smith, Daniel
Casadevall, Arturo
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Daniel
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7674-9988
  surname: F. Q. Smith
  fullname: F. Q. Smith, Daniel
  email: dsmit274@jhmi.edu
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Arturo
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9402-9167
  surname: Casadevall
  fullname: Casadevall, Arturo
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33544836$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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10.1084/jem.184.2.377
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS. 2021
The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.
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Keywords fungal virulence
lepidoptera
insect immune system
Galleria mellonella
Language English
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SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet ABSTRACT In recent decades, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have emerged as a model system to explore experimental aspects of fungal pathogenesis....
In recent decades, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) have emerged as a model system to explore experimental aspects of fungal pathogenesis. The...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Antifungal agents
Butterflies & moths
Disease Models, Animal
Fungi
Fungi - immunology
Fungicides
Galleria mellonella
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Immune system
Immunity
Immunology
Invertebrates
Invertebrates - microbiology
Larva - immunology
Larva - microbiology
Lepidoptera
Mammals
Mammals - immunology
Mammals - microbiology
Minireview
Model testing
Moths - immunology
Moths - microbiology
Mycoses - immunology
Mycoses - microbiology
Pathogenesis
Vertebrates
Virulence
Virulence Factors
Title Fungal immunity and pathogenesis in mammals versus the invertebrate model organism Galleria mellonella
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Volume 79
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