Classification of Dysphonic Voices in Parkinson’s Disease with Semi-Supervised Competitive Learning Algorithm

• Published in: Biosensors (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 7; p. 502
• Main Authors: Bao, Guidong, Lin, Mengchen, Sang, Xiaoqian, Hou, Yangcan, Liu, Yixuan, Wu, Yunfeng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 09.07.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Acoustic properties; Acoustics; Algorithms; Classification; Competition; competitive learning; Correlation analysis; Correlation coefficient; Correlation coefficients; Dysarthria; dysphonia; Eigenvalues; Experiments; Fractals; Humans; Hypotheses; K-means clustering; k-nearest neighbor; Machine learning; Medical research; Movement disorders; Neural networks; Neurodegenerative diseases; Noise measurement; Optimization; Parameters; Parkinson Disease - diagnosis; Parkinson's disease; Pattern classification; Principal components analysis; ROC Curve; semi-supervised learning; Signal processing; Support vector machines; Vibration; Voice; Wavelet transforms; Spain; competitive learning; k-nearest neighbor; semi-supervised learning; K-means clustering; Parkinson’s disease; dysphonia; pattern recognition
• ISSN: 2079-6374; 2079-6374
• DOI: 10.3390/bios12070502

This article proposes a novel semi-supervised competitive learning (SSCL) algorithm for vocal pattern classifications in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The acoustic parameters of voice records were grouped into the families of jitter, shimmer, harmonic-to-noise, frequency, and nonlinear measures, respectively. The linear correlations were computed within each acoustic parameter family. According to the correlation matrix results, the jitter, shimmer, and harmonic-to-noise parameters presented as highly correlated in terms of Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) technique was implemented to eliminate the redundant dimensions of the acoustic parameters for each family. The Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon hypothesis test was used to evaluate the significant difference of the PCA-projected features between the healthy subjects and PD patients. Eight dominant PCA-projected features were selected based on the eigenvalue threshold criterion and the statistical significance level (p < 0.05) of the hypothesis test. The SSCL algorithm proposed in this paper included the procedures of the competitive prototype seed selection, K-means optimization, and the nearest neighbor classifications. The pattern classification experimental results showed that the proposed SSCL method can provide the excellent diagnostic performances in terms of accuracy (0.838), recall (0.825), specificity (0.85), precision (0.846), F-score (0.835), Matthews correlation coefficient (0.675), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.939), and Kappa coefficient (0.675), which were consistently better than those results of conventional KNN or SVM classifiers.