Structural and Biophysical Insights into the Function of the Intrinsically Disordered Myc Oncoprotein

Myc is a transcription factor driving growth and proliferation of cells and involved in the majority of human tumors. Despite a huge body of literature on this critical oncogene, our understanding of the exact molecular determinants and mechanisms that underlie its function is still surprisingly lim...

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Published inCells (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 9; no. 4; p. 1038
Main Authors Beaulieu, Marie-Eve, Castillo, Francisco, Soucek, Laura
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 22.04.2020
MDPI
Subjects
Amino Acid Sequence
Amino acids
Animals
Binding sites
Biology
Biophysical Phenomena
biophysics
Cancer
Cell cycle
Cell proliferation
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Gene amplification
Humans
intrinsically disordered proteins
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins - chemistry
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins - metabolism
Leucine zipper proteins
MAX
Myc
Myc protein
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Oncogene Proteins - chemistry
Oncogene Proteins - metabolism
Oncoproteins
Proteins
protein–DNA interactions
protein–protein interactions
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - antagonists & inhibitors
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - chemistry
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - metabolism
Review
Structure-Activity Relationship
Transcription factors
Tumors
protein–protein interactions
drug discovery
MAX
protein–DNA interactions
Myc
biophysics
intrinsically disordered proteins
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI10.3390/cells9041038

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Abstract Myc is a transcription factor driving growth and proliferation of cells and involved in the majority of human tumors. Despite a huge body of literature on this critical oncogene, our understanding of the exact molecular determinants and mechanisms that underlie its function is still surprisingly limited. Indubitably though, its crucial and non-redundant role in cancer biology makes it an attractive target. However, achieving successful clinical Myc inhibition has proven challenging so far, as this nuclear protein is an intrinsically disordered polypeptide devoid of any classical ligand binding pockets. Indeed, Myc only adopts a (partially) folded structure in some contexts and upon interacting with some protein partners, for instance when dimerizing with MAX to bind DNA. Here, we review the cumulative knowledge on Myc structure and biophysics and discuss the implications for its biological function and the development of improved Myc inhibitors. We focus this biophysical walkthrough mainly on the basic region helix–loop–helix leucine zipper motif (bHLHLZ), as it has been the principal target for inhibitory approaches so far.
AbstractList Myc is a transcription factor driving growth and proliferation of cells and involved in the majority of human tumors. Despite a huge body of literature on this critical oncogene, our understanding of the exact molecular determinants and mechanisms that underlie its function is still surprisingly limited. Indubitably though, its crucial and non-redundant role in cancer biology makes it an attractive target. However, achieving successful clinical Myc inhibition has proven challenging so far, as this nuclear protein is an intrinsically disordered polypeptide devoid of any classical ligand binding pockets. Indeed, Myc only adopts a (partially) folded structure in some contexts and upon interacting with some protein partners, for instance when dimerizing with MAX to bind DNA. Here, we review the cumulative knowledge on Myc structure and biophysics and discuss the implications for its biological function and the development of improved Myc inhibitors. We focus this biophysical walkthrough mainly on the basic region helix-loop-helix leucine zipper motif (bHLHLZ), as it has been the principal target for inhibitory approaches so far.
Myc is a transcription factor driving growth and proliferation of cells and involved in the majority of human tumors. Despite a huge body of literature on this critical oncogene, our understanding of the exact molecular determinants and mechanisms that underlie its function is still surprisingly limited. Indubitably though, its crucial and non-redundant role in cancer biology makes it an attractive target. However, achieving successful clinical Myc inhibition has proven challenging so far, as this nuclear protein is an intrinsically disordered polypeptide devoid of any classical ligand binding pockets. Indeed, Myc only adopts a (partially) folded structure in some contexts and upon interacting with some protein partners, for instance when dimerizing with MAX to bind DNA. Here, we review the cumulative knowledge on Myc structure and biophysics and discuss the implications for its biological function and the development of improved Myc inhibitors. We focus this biophysical walkthrough mainly on the basic region helix-loop-helix leucine zipper motif (bHLHLZ), as it has been the principal target for inhibitory approaches so far.Myc is a transcription factor driving growth and proliferation of cells and involved in the majority of human tumors. Despite a huge body of literature on this critical oncogene, our understanding of the exact molecular determinants and mechanisms that underlie its function is still surprisingly limited. Indubitably though, its crucial and non-redundant role in cancer biology makes it an attractive target. However, achieving successful clinical Myc inhibition has proven challenging so far, as this nuclear protein is an intrinsically disordered polypeptide devoid of any classical ligand binding pockets. Indeed, Myc only adopts a (partially) folded structure in some contexts and upon interacting with some protein partners, for instance when dimerizing with MAX to bind DNA. Here, we review the cumulative knowledge on Myc structure and biophysics and discuss the implications for its biological function and the development of improved Myc inhibitors. We focus this biophysical walkthrough mainly on the basic region helix-loop-helix leucine zipper motif (bHLHLZ), as it has been the principal target for inhibitory approaches so far.
Author Beaulieu, Marie-Eve
Castillo, Francisco
Soucek, Laura
AuthorAffiliation 2 Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Bellaterra, Spain
3 Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
1 Peptomyc S.L., Edifici Cellex, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; francastillo@ugr.es (F.C.); lsoucek@vhio.net (L.S.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Bellaterra, Spain
– name: 1 Peptomyc S.L., Edifici Cellex, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; francastillo@ugr.es (F.C.); lsoucek@vhio.net (L.S.)
– name: 2 Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
– name: 3 Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-4750-7971
  surname: Soucek
  fullname: Soucek, Laura
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32331235$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords protein–protein interactions
drug discovery
MAX
protein–DNA interactions
Myc
biophysics
intrinsically disordered proteins
Language English
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Snippet Myc is a transcription factor driving growth and proliferation of cells and involved in the majority of human tumors. Despite a huge body of literature on this...
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StartPage 1038
SubjectTerms Amino Acid Sequence
Amino acids
Animals
Binding sites
Biology
Biophysical Phenomena
biophysics
Cancer
Cell cycle
Cell proliferation
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Gene amplification
Humans
intrinsically disordered proteins
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins - chemistry
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins - metabolism
Leucine zipper proteins
MAX
Myc
Myc protein
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Oncogene Proteins - chemistry
Oncogene Proteins - metabolism
Oncoproteins
Proteins
protein–DNA interactions
protein–protein interactions
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - antagonists & inhibitors
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - chemistry
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - metabolism
Review
Structure-Activity Relationship
Transcription factors
Tumors
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Title Structural and Biophysical Insights into the Function of the Intrinsically Disordered Myc Oncoprotein
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Volume 9
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