Paper-based microfluidic system for tear electrolyte analysis
The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost screening, and surveillance of at-risk subjects. However, current minimally-invasive rapid tear analysis systems for point-of-care settings have been...
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| Published in | Lab on a chip Vol. 17; no. 6; pp. 1137 - 1148 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Royal Society of Chemistry
21.03.2017
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1473-0197 1473-0189 1473-0189 |
| DOI | 10.1039/C6LC01450J |
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| Abstract | The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost screening, and surveillance of at-risk subjects. However, current minimally-invasive rapid tear analysis systems for point-of-care settings have been limited to assessment of osmolarity or inflammatory markers and cannot differentiate between dry eye subclassifications. Here, we demonstrate a portable microfluidic system that allows quantitative analysis of electrolytes in the tear fluid that is suited for point-of-care settings. The microfluidic system consists of a capillary tube for sample collection, a reservoir for sample dilution, and a paper-based microfluidic device for electrolyte analysis. The sensing regions are functionalized with fluorescent crown ethers,
o
-acetanisidide, and seminaphtorhodafluor that are sensitive to mono- and divalent electrolytes, and their fluorescence outputs are measured with a smartphone readout device. The measured sensitivity values of Na
+
, K
+
, Ca
2+
ions and pH in artificial tear fluid were matched with the known ion concentrations within the physiological range. The microfluidic system was tested with samples having different ionic concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility for the detection of early-stage dry eye, differential diagnosis of dry eye sub-types, and their severity staging. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost screening, and surveillance of at-risk subjects. However, current minimally-invasive rapid tear analysis systems for point-of-care settings have been limited to assessment of osmolarity or inflammatory markers and cannot differentiate between dry eye subclassifications. Here, we demonstrate a portable microfluidic system that allows quantitative analysis of electrolytes in the tear fluid that is suited for point-of-care settings. The microfluidic system consists of a capillary tube for sample collection, a reservoir for sample dilution, and a paper-based microfluidic device for electrolyte analysis. The sensing regions are functionalized with fluorescent crown ethers,
o
-acetanisidide, and seminaphtorhodafluor that are sensitive to mono- and divalent electrolytes, and their fluorescence outputs are measured with a smartphone readout device. The measured sensitivity values of Na
+
, K
+
, Ca
2+
ions and pH in artificial tear fluid were matched with the known ion concentrations within the physiological range. The microfluidic system was tested with samples having different ionic concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility for the detection of early-stage dry eye, differential diagnosis of dry eye sub-types, and their severity staging. The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost screening, and surveillance of at-risk subjects. However, current minimally-invasive rapid tear analysis systems for point-of-care settings have been limited to assessment of osmolarity or inflammatory markers and cannot differentiate between dry eye subclassifications. Here, we demonstrate a portable microfluidic system that allows quantitative analysis of electrolytes in the tear fluid that is suited for point-of-care settings. The microfluidic system consists of a capillary tube for sample collection, a reservoir for sample dilution, and a paper-based microfluidic device for electrolyte analysis. The sensing regions are functionalized with fluorescent crown ethers, o-acetanisidide, and seminaphtorhodafluor that are sensitive to mono- and divalent electrolytes, and their fluorescence outputs are measured with a smartphone readout device. The measured sensitivity values of Na , K , Ca ions and pH in artificial tear fluid were matched with the known ion concentrations within the physiological range. The microfluidic system was tested with samples having different ionic concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility for the detection of early-stage dry eye, differential diagnosis of dry eye sub-types, and their severity staging. The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost screening, and surveillance of at-risk subjects. However, current minimally-invasive rapid tear analysis systems for point-of-care settings have been limited to assessment of osmolarity or inflammatory markers and cannot differentiate between dry eye subclassifications. Here, we demonstrate a portable microfluidic system that allows quantitative analysis of electrolytes in the tear fluid that is suited for point-of-care settings. The microfluidic system consists of a capillary tube for sample collection, a reservoir for sample dilution, and a paper-based microfluidic device for electrolyte analysis. The sensing regions are functionalized with fluorescent crown ethers, o-acetanisidide, and seminaphtorhodafluor that are sensitive to mono- and divalent electrolytes, and their fluorescence outputs are measured with a smartphone readout device. The measured sensitivity values of Na+, K+, Ca2+ ions and pH in artificial tear fluid were matched with the known ion concentrations within the physiological range. The microfluidic system was tested with samples having different ionic concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility for the detection of early-stage dry eye, differential diagnosis of dry eye sub-types, and their severity staging.The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost screening, and surveillance of at-risk subjects. However, current minimally-invasive rapid tear analysis systems for point-of-care settings have been limited to assessment of osmolarity or inflammatory markers and cannot differentiate between dry eye subclassifications. Here, we demonstrate a portable microfluidic system that allows quantitative analysis of electrolytes in the tear fluid that is suited for point-of-care settings. The microfluidic system consists of a capillary tube for sample collection, a reservoir for sample dilution, and a paper-based microfluidic device for electrolyte analysis. The sensing regions are functionalized with fluorescent crown ethers, o-acetanisidide, and seminaphtorhodafluor that are sensitive to mono- and divalent electrolytes, and their fluorescence outputs are measured with a smartphone readout device. The measured sensitivity values of Na+, K+, Ca2+ ions and pH in artificial tear fluid were matched with the known ion concentrations within the physiological range. The microfluidic system was tested with samples having different ionic concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility for the detection of early-stage dry eye, differential diagnosis of dry eye sub-types, and their severity staging. The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost screening, and surveillance of at-risk subjects. However, current minimally-invasive rapid tear analysis systems for point-of-care settings have been limited to assessment of osmolarity or inflammatory markers and cannot differentiate between dry eye subclassifications. Here, we demonstrate a portable microfluidic system that allows quantitative analysis of electrolytes in the tear fluid that is suited for point-of-care settings. The microfluidic system consists of a capillary tube for sample collection, a reservoir for sample dilution, and a paper-based microfluidic device for electrolyte analysis. The sensing regions are functionalized with fluorescent crown ethers, o-acetanisidide, and seminaphtorhodafluor that are sensitive to mono- and divalent electrolytes, and their fluorescence outputs are measured with a smartphone readout device. The measured sensitivity values of Na+, K+, Ca2+ ions and pH in artificial tear fluid were matched with the known ion concentrations within the physiological range. The microfluidic system was tested with samples having different ionic concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility for the detection of early-stage dry eye, differential diagnosis of dry eye sub-types, and their severity staging. This article describes a paper-based microfluidic system that quantifies the concentrations of tear electrolytes using a smartphone-based reader. The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost screening, and surveillance of at-risk subjects. However, current minimally-invasive rapid tear analysis systems for point-of-care settings have been limited to assessment of osmolarity or inflammatory markers and cannot differentiate between dry eye subclassifications. Here, we demonstrate a portable microfluidic system that allows quantitative analysis of electrolytes in the tear fluid that is suited for point-of-care settings. The microfluidic system consists of a capillary tube for sample collection, a reservoir for sample dilution, and a paper-based microfluidic device for electrolyte analysis. The sensing regions are functionalized with fluorescent crown ethers, o-acetanisidide, and seminaphtorhodafluor that are sensitive to mono- and divalent electrolytes, and their fluorescence outputs are measured with a smartphone readout device. The measured sensitivity values of Na+, K+, Ca2+ ions and pH in artificial tear fluid were matched with the known ion concentrations within the physiological range. The microfluidic system was tested with samples having different ionic concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility for the detection of early-stage dry eye, differential diagnosis of dry eye sub-types, and their severity staging. |
| Author | Wolffsohn, James S. Butt, Haider Jiang, Nan Gupta, Aditi Tamayol, Ali Yetisen, Ali K. Zhang, Yu Shrike Khademhosseini, Ali Ruiz-Esparza, Guillermo U. Medina-Pando, Sofía Yun, Seok-Hyun |
| AuthorAffiliation | h Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine , Massachusetts General Hospital , 65 Landsdowne Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA b Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . Email: syun@mgh.harvard.edu e Nanotechnology Laboratory , School of Engineering , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK f Department of Physics , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21589 , Saudi Arabia a Biomaterials Innovation Research Center , Division of Biomedical Engineering , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . Email: akyetisen@gmail.com g Department of Bioindustrial Technologies , College of Animal Bioscience and Technology , Konkuk University , Hwayang-dong , Gwangjin-gu , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea c State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technol |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: e Nanotechnology Laboratory , School of Engineering , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK – name: b Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . Email: syun@mgh.harvard.edu – name: a Biomaterials Innovation Research Center , Division of Biomedical Engineering , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . Email: akyetisen@gmail.com – name: f Department of Physics , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , 21589 , Saudi Arabia – name: g Department of Bioindustrial Technologies , College of Animal Bioscience and Technology , Konkuk University , Hwayang-dong , Gwangjin-gu , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea – name: c State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , 122 Luoshi Road , Wuhan , 430070 , China – name: d Ophthalmic Research Group , School of Life and Health Sciences , Aston University , Aston Triangle , Birmingham B4 7ET , UK – name: h Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine , Massachusetts General Hospital , 65 Landsdowne Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ali K. orcidid: 0000-0003-0896-267X surname: Yetisen fullname: Yetisen, Ali K. organization: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge – sequence: 2 givenname: Nan surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Nan organization: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge – sequence: 3 givenname: Ali surname: Tamayol fullname: Tamayol, Ali organization: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge – sequence: 4 givenname: Guillermo U. surname: Ruiz-Esparza fullname: Ruiz-Esparza, Guillermo U. organization: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge – sequence: 5 givenname: Yu Shrike orcidid: 0000-0002-0045-0808 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yu Shrike organization: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge – sequence: 6 givenname: Sofía surname: Medina-Pando fullname: Medina-Pando, Sofía organization: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge – sequence: 7 givenname: Aditi orcidid: 0000-0001-6834-7973 surname: Gupta fullname: Gupta, Aditi organization: Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: James S. orcidid: 0000-0003-4673-8927 surname: Wolffsohn fullname: Wolffsohn, James S. organization: Ophthalmic Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK – sequence: 9 givenname: Haider surname: Butt fullname: Butt, Haider organization: Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK – sequence: 10 givenname: Ali surname: Khademhosseini fullname: Khademhosseini, Ali organization: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge – sequence: 11 givenname: Seok-Hyun surname: Yun fullname: Yun, Seok-Hyun organization: Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA, Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28207920$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | The analysis of tear constituents at point-of-care settings has a potential for early diagnosis of ocular disorders such as dry eye disease, low-cost... This article describes a paper-based microfluidic system that quantifies the concentrations of tear electrolytes using a smartphone-based reader. The analysis... |
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| SubjectTerms | Chemistry Devices Drying Electrolytes Eyes Fluorescence Microfluidics Systems analysis Tearing |
| Title | Paper-based microfluidic system for tear electrolyte analysis |
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