Supercapacitive Properties of Micropore‐ and Mesopore‐Rich Activated Carbon in Ionic‐Liquid Electrolytes with Various Constituent Ions
Ionic‐liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for micropore‐ and mesopore‐rich activated‐carbon (ACmicro and ACmeso) supercapacitors. IL electrolytes consisting of various cations [1‐ethyl‐3...
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| Published in | ChemSusChem Vol. 12; no. 2; pp. 449 - 456 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Germany
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
24.01.2019
ChemPubSoc Europe |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1864-5631 1864-564X 1864-564X |
| DOI | 10.1002/cssc.201802489 |
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| Abstract | Ionic‐liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for micropore‐ and mesopore‐rich activated‐carbon (ACmicro and ACmeso) supercapacitors. IL electrolytes consisting of various cations [1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMI+), N‐propyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium (PMP+), and N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium (BMP+)] and various anions [bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI−), BF4−, and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−)] are investigated. The electrolyte conductivity, viscosity, and ion transport properties at the ACmicro and ACmeso electrodes are studied. In addition, the capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability of the two types of AC electrodes are systematically examined and post‐mortem material analyses are conducted. The effects of IL composition on the charge–discharge capacitances of the ACmicro electrodes are more pronounced than those for the ACmeso electrodes. The FSI‐based IL electrolytes, for which electrochemical properties are cation dependent, are found to be promising. Incorporating EMI+ with FSI− results in a low electrolyte viscosity and a fast ion transport, giving rise to optimized electrode capacitance and rate capability. Replacing EMI+ with PMP+ increases the cell voltage (to 3.5 V) and maximum energy density (to 42 Wh kg−1) of the ACmicro cell at the cost of cycling stability.
A puzzle of pores and ions: A suitable combination of activated carbon pore size and ionic‐liquid (IL) composition can achieve desirable electric double‐layer capacitor performance. A bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI)‐based IL is more promising than the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI)‐ and BF4‐based IL counterparts. Replacing 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium with N‐propyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium increases the cell voltage to 3.5 V, improving the energy density of the supercapacitor. |
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| AbstractList | Ionic-liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for micropore- and mesopore-rich activated-carbon (ACmicro and ACmeso ) supercapacitors. IL electrolytes consisting of various cations [1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI+ ), N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (PMP+ ), and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (BMP+ )] and various anions [bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI- ), BF4 - , and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI- )] are investigated. The electrolyte conductivity, viscosity, and ion transport properties at the ACmicro and ACmeso electrodes are studied. In addition, the capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability of the two types of AC electrodes are systematically examined and post-mortem material analyses are conducted. The effects of IL composition on the charge-discharge capacitances of the ACmicro electrodes are more pronounced than those for the ACmeso electrodes. The FSI-based IL electrolytes, for which electrochemical properties are cation dependent, are found to be promising. Incorporating EMI+ with FSI- results in a low electrolyte viscosity and a fast ion transport, giving rise to optimized electrode capacitance and rate capability. Replacing EMI+ with PMP+ increases the cell voltage (to 3.5 V) and maximum energy density (to 42 Wh kg-1 ) of the ACmicro cell at the cost of cycling stability.Ionic-liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for micropore- and mesopore-rich activated-carbon (ACmicro and ACmeso ) supercapacitors. IL electrolytes consisting of various cations [1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI+ ), N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (PMP+ ), and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (BMP+ )] and various anions [bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI- ), BF4 - , and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI- )] are investigated. The electrolyte conductivity, viscosity, and ion transport properties at the ACmicro and ACmeso electrodes are studied. In addition, the capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability of the two types of AC electrodes are systematically examined and post-mortem material analyses are conducted. The effects of IL composition on the charge-discharge capacitances of the ACmicro electrodes are more pronounced than those for the ACmeso electrodes. The FSI-based IL electrolytes, for which electrochemical properties are cation dependent, are found to be promising. Incorporating EMI+ with FSI- results in a low electrolyte viscosity and a fast ion transport, giving rise to optimized electrode capacitance and rate capability. Replacing EMI+ with PMP+ increases the cell voltage (to 3.5 V) and maximum energy density (to 42 Wh kg-1 ) of the ACmicro cell at the cost of cycling stability. Ionic‐liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for micropore‐ and mesopore‐rich activated‐carbon (AC micro and AC meso ) supercapacitors. IL electrolytes consisting of various cations [1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMI + ), N ‐propyl‐ N ‐methylpyrrolidinium (PMP + ), and N ‐butyl‐ N ‐methylpyrrolidinium (BMP + )] and various anions [bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI − ), BF 4 − , and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI − )] are investigated. The electrolyte conductivity, viscosity, and ion transport properties at the AC micro and AC meso electrodes are studied. In addition, the capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability of the two types of AC electrodes are systematically examined and post‐mortem material analyses are conducted. The effects of IL composition on the charge–discharge capacitances of the AC micro electrodes are more pronounced than those for the AC meso electrodes. The FSI‐based IL electrolytes, for which electrochemical properties are cation dependent, are found to be promising. Incorporating EMI + with FSI − results in a low electrolyte viscosity and a fast ion transport, giving rise to optimized electrode capacitance and rate capability. Replacing EMI + with PMP + increases the cell voltage (to 3.5 V) and maximum energy density (to 42 Wh kg −1 ) of the AC micro cell at the cost of cycling stability. Ionic-liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for micropore- and mesopore-rich activated-carbon (ACmicro and ACmeso) supercapacitors. IL electrolytes consisting of various cations [1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI+), N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (PMP+), and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (BMP+)] and various anions [bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), BF4-, and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI-)] are investigated. The electrolyte conductivity, viscosity, and ion transport properties at the ACmicro and ACmeso electrodes are studied. In addition, the capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability of the two types of AC electrodes are systematically examined and post-mortem material analyses are conducted. The effects of IL composition on the charge–discharge capacitances of the ACmicro electrodes are more pronounced than those for the ACmeso electrodes. The FSI-based IL electrolytes, for which electrochemical properties are cation dependent, are found to be promising. Incorporating EMI+ with FSI- results in a low electrolyte viscosity and a fast ion transport, giving rise to optimized electrode capacitance and rate capability. Replacing EMI+ with PMP+ increases the cell voltage (to 3.5 V) and maximum energy density (to 42-Wh kg-1) of the ACmicro cell at the cost of cycling stability. Ionic‐liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for micropore‐ and mesopore‐rich activated‐carbon (ACmicro and ACmeso) supercapacitors. IL electrolytes consisting of various cations [1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMI+), N‐propyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium (PMP+), and N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium (BMP+)] and various anions [bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI−), BF4−, and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−)] are investigated. The electrolyte conductivity, viscosity, and ion transport properties at the ACmicro and ACmeso electrodes are studied. In addition, the capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability of the two types of AC electrodes are systematically examined and post‐mortem material analyses are conducted. The effects of IL composition on the charge–discharge capacitances of the ACmicro electrodes are more pronounced than those for the ACmeso electrodes. The FSI‐based IL electrolytes, for which electrochemical properties are cation dependent, are found to be promising. Incorporating EMI+ with FSI− results in a low electrolyte viscosity and a fast ion transport, giving rise to optimized electrode capacitance and rate capability. Replacing EMI+ with PMP+ increases the cell voltage (to 3.5 V) and maximum energy density (to 42 Wh kg−1) of the ACmicro cell at the cost of cycling stability. Ionic‐liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for micropore‐ and mesopore‐rich activated‐carbon (ACmicro and ACmeso) supercapacitors. IL electrolytes consisting of various cations [1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMI+), N‐propyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium (PMP+), and N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium (BMP+)] and various anions [bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI−), BF4−, and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−)] are investigated. The electrolyte conductivity, viscosity, and ion transport properties at the ACmicro and ACmeso electrodes are studied. In addition, the capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability of the two types of AC electrodes are systematically examined and post‐mortem material analyses are conducted. The effects of IL composition on the charge–discharge capacitances of the ACmicro electrodes are more pronounced than those for the ACmeso electrodes. The FSI‐based IL electrolytes, for which electrochemical properties are cation dependent, are found to be promising. Incorporating EMI+ with FSI− results in a low electrolyte viscosity and a fast ion transport, giving rise to optimized electrode capacitance and rate capability. Replacing EMI+ with PMP+ increases the cell voltage (to 3.5 V) and maximum energy density (to 42 Wh kg−1) of the ACmicro cell at the cost of cycling stability. A puzzle of pores and ions: A suitable combination of activated carbon pore size and ionic‐liquid (IL) composition can achieve desirable electric double‐layer capacitor performance. A bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI)‐based IL is more promising than the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI)‐ and BF4‐based IL counterparts. Replacing 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium with N‐propyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium increases the cell voltage to 3.5 V, improving the energy density of the supercapacitor. Ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for micropore- and mesopore-rich activated carbon (ACmicro and ACmeso) supercapacitors. IL electrolytes consisting of various cations (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI+), N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (PMP+), and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (BMP+)) and various anions (bis(trifluoromethylsulfony) imide (TFSI-), tetrafluoroborate (BF4-), and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI-)) are investigated. The electrolyte conductivity and viscosity and ion transport properties at the ACmicro and ACmeso electrodes are studied. In addition, the capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability of the two types of AC electrode are systematically examined and post-mortem material analyses are conducted. The effects of IL composition on charge-discharge capacitances of the ACmicro electrodes are more pronounced than those for the ACmeso electrodes. The FSI-based IL electrolytes, whose electrochemical properties are cation-dependent, are found to be promising. Incorporating EMI+ with FSI- results in low electrolyte viscosity and high ion transport, optimizing the electrode capacitance and rate capability. Replacing EMI+ with PMP+ increases the cell voltage (to 3.5 V) and maximum energy density (to 42 Wh kg-1) of the ACmicro cell at the cost of cycling stability. |
| Author | Chang, Jeng‐Kuei Nguyen, Quoc Dat Patra, Jagabandhu Li, Jianlin Dong, Quan‐Feng Hsieh, Chien‐Te |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Quoc Dat surname: Nguyen fullname: Nguyen, Quoc Dat organization: National Central University – sequence: 2 givenname: Jagabandhu orcidid: 0000-0002-9783-3097 surname: Patra fullname: Patra, Jagabandhu organization: National Cheng Kung University – sequence: 3 givenname: Chien‐Te orcidid: 0000-0002-1053-8635 surname: Hsieh fullname: Hsieh, Chien‐Te organization: University of Tennessee – sequence: 4 givenname: Jianlin orcidid: 0000-0002-8710-9847 surname: Li fullname: Li, Jianlin organization: Oak Ridge National Laboratory – sequence: 5 givenname: Quan‐Feng orcidid: 0000-0002-4886-3361 surname: Dong fullname: Dong, Quan‐Feng organization: Xiamen University – sequence: 6 givenname: Jeng‐Kuei orcidid: 0000-0002-8359-5817 surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Jeng‐Kuei email: jkchang@nctu.edu.tw organization: National Cheng Kung University |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. |
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| Keywords | electric double-layer capacitance pore size effects Ionic liquid supercapacitor |
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| Snippet | Ionic‐liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for... Ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for... Ionic-liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for... |
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| SubjectTerms | Activated carbon Capacitance carbon Cations Composition effects electric double-layer Electrochemical analysis Electrodes Electrolytes Electromagnetic interference Flux density Ion currents Ion transport Ionic liquids Ions MATERIALS SCIENCE pore size Properties (attributes) Stability supercapacitors Viscosity |
| Title | Supercapacitive Properties of Micropore‐ and Mesopore‐Rich Activated Carbon in Ionic‐Liquid Electrolytes with Various Constituent Ions |
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