Tomato brown rugose fruit virus: An emerging and rapidly spreading plant RNA virus that threatens tomato production worldwide

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA virus that infects tomato and pepper, with tomato as the primary host. The virus causes severe crop losses and threatens tomato production worldwide. ToBRFV was discovered in greenhouse tomato plants grown in Jordan in...

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Published inMolecular plant pathology Vol. 23; no. 9; pp. 1262 - 1277
Main Authors Zhang, Shaokang, Griffiths, Jonathan S., Marchand, Geneviève, Bernards, Mark A., Wang, Aiming
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.09.2022
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1464-6722
1364-3703
DOI10.1111/mpp.13229

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Abstract Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA virus that infects tomato and pepper, with tomato as the primary host. The virus causes severe crop losses and threatens tomato production worldwide. ToBRFV was discovered in greenhouse tomato plants grown in Jordan in spring 2015 and its first outbreak was traced back to 2014 in Israel. To date, the virus has been reported in at least 35 countries across four continents in the world. ToBRFV is transmitted mainly via contaminated seeds and mechanical contact (such as through standard horticultural practices). Given the global nature of the seed production and distribution chain, and ToBRFV's seed transmissibility, the extent of its spread is probably more severe than has been disclosed. ToBRFV can break down genetic resistance to tobamoviruses conferred by R genes Tm‐1, Tm‐2, and Tm‐22 in tomato and L1 and L2 alleles in pepper. Currently, no commercial ToBRFV‐resistant tomato cultivars are available. Integrated pest management‐based measures such as rotation, eradication of infected plants, disinfection of seeds, and chemical treatment of contaminated greenhouses have achieved very limited success. The generation and application of attenuated variants may be a fast and effective approach to protect greenhouse tomato against ToBRFV. Long‐term sustainable control will rely on the development of novel genetic resistance and resistant cultivars, which represents the most effective and environment‐friendly strategy for pathogen control. Taxonomy Tomato brown rugose fruit virus belongs to the genus Tobamovirus, in the family Virgaviridae. The genus also includes several economically important viruses such as Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus. Genome and virion The ToBRFV genome is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA of approximately 6.4 kb, encoding four open reading frames. The viral genomic RNA is encapsidated into virions that are rod‐shaped and about 300 nm long and 18 nm in diameter. Tobamovirus virions are considered extremely stable and can survive in plant debris or on seed surfaces for long periods of time. Disease symptoms Leaves, particularly young leaves, of tomato plants infected by ToBRFV exhibit mild to severe mosaic symptoms with dark green bulges, narrowness, and deformation. The peduncles and calyces often become necrotic and fail to produce fruit. Yellow blotches, brown or black spots, and rugose wrinkles appear on tomato fruits. In pepper plants, ToBRFV infection results in puckering and yellow mottling on leaves with stunted growth of young seedlings and small yellow to brown rugose dots and necrotic blotches on fruits. This pathogen profile summarizes current knowledge about ToBRFV, highlights recent research progress, discusses future research directions, and proposes short‐run and long‐term control strategies.
AbstractList Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA virus that infects tomato and pepper, with tomato as the primary host. The virus causes severe crop losses and threatens tomato production worldwide. ToBRFV was discovered in greenhouse tomato plants grown in Jordan in spring 2015 and its first outbreak was traced back to 2014 in Israel. To date, the virus has been reported in at least 35 countries across four continents in the world. ToBRFV is transmitted mainly via contaminated seeds and mechanical contact (such as through standard horticultural practices). Given the global nature of the seed production and distribution chain, and ToBRFV's seed transmissibility, the extent of its spread is probably more severe than has been disclosed. ToBRFV can break down genetic resistance to tobamoviruses conferred by R genes Tm-1, Tm-2, and Tm-2 in tomato and L and L alleles in pepper. Currently, no commercial ToBRFV-resistant tomato cultivars are available. Integrated pest management-based measures such as rotation, eradication of infected plants, disinfection of seeds, and chemical treatment of contaminated greenhouses have achieved very limited success. The generation and application of attenuated variants may be a fast and effective approach to protect greenhouse tomato against ToBRFV. Long-term sustainable control will rely on the development of novel genetic resistance and resistant cultivars, which represents the most effective and environment-friendly strategy for pathogen control. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus belongs to the genus Tobamovirus, in the family Virgaviridae. The genus also includes several economically important viruses such as Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus. The ToBRFV genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA of approximately 6.4 kb, encoding four open reading frames. The viral genomic RNA is encapsidated into virions that are rod-shaped and about 300 nm long and 18 nm in diameter. Tobamovirus virions are considered extremely stable and can survive in plant debris or on seed surfaces for long periods of time. Leaves, particularly young leaves, of tomato plants infected by ToBRFV exhibit mild to severe mosaic symptoms with dark green bulges, narrowness, and deformation. The peduncles and calyces often become necrotic and fail to produce fruit. Yellow blotches, brown or black spots, and rugose wrinkles appear on tomato fruits. In pepper plants, ToBRFV infection results in puckering and yellow mottling on leaves with stunted growth of young seedlings and small yellow to brown rugose dots and necrotic blotches on fruits.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA virus that infects tomato and pepper, with tomato as the primary host. The virus causes severe crop losses and threatens tomato production worldwide. ToBRFV was discovered in greenhouse tomato plants grown in Jordan in spring 2015 and its first outbreak was traced back to 2014 in Israel. To date, the virus has been reported in at least 35 countries across four continents in the world. ToBRFV is transmitted mainly via contaminated seeds and mechanical contact (such as through standard horticultural practices). Given the global nature of the seed production and distribution chain, and ToBRFV's seed transmissibility, the extent of its spread is probably more severe than has been disclosed. ToBRFV can break down genetic resistance to tobamoviruses conferred by R genes Tm‐1, Tm‐2, and Tm‐2² in tomato and L¹ and L² alleles in pepper. Currently, no commercial ToBRFV‐resistant tomato cultivars are available. Integrated pest management‐based measures such as rotation, eradication of infected plants, disinfection of seeds, and chemical treatment of contaminated greenhouses have achieved very limited success. The generation and application of attenuated variants may be a fast and effective approach to protect greenhouse tomato against ToBRFV. Long‐term sustainable control will rely on the development of novel genetic resistance and resistant cultivars, which represents the most effective and environment‐friendly strategy for pathogen control. TAXONOMY: Tomato brown rugose fruit virus belongs to the genus Tobamovirus, in the family Virgaviridae. The genus also includes several economically important viruses such as Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus. GENOME AND VIRION: The ToBRFV genome is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA of approximately 6.4 kb, encoding four open reading frames. The viral genomic RNA is encapsidated into virions that are rod‐shaped and about 300 nm long and 18 nm in diameter. Tobamovirus virions are considered extremely stable and can survive in plant debris or on seed surfaces for long periods of time. DISEASE SYMPTOMS: Leaves, particularly young leaves, of tomato plants infected by ToBRFV exhibit mild to severe mosaic symptoms with dark green bulges, narrowness, and deformation. The peduncles and calyces often become necrotic and fail to produce fruit. Yellow blotches, brown or black spots, and rugose wrinkles appear on tomato fruits. In pepper plants, ToBRFV infection results in puckering and yellow mottling on leaves with stunted growth of young seedlings and small yellow to brown rugose dots and necrotic blotches on fruits.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA virus that infects tomato and pepper, with tomato as the primary host. The virus causes severe crop losses and threatens tomato production worldwide. ToBRFV was discovered in greenhouse tomato plants grown in Jordan in spring 2015 and its first outbreak was traced back to 2014 in Israel. To date, the virus has been reported in at least 35 countries across four continents in the world. ToBRFV is transmitted mainly via contaminated seeds and mechanical contact (such as through standard horticultural practices). Given the global nature of the seed production and distribution chain, and ToBRFV's seed transmissibility, the extent of its spread is probably more severe than has been disclosed. ToBRFV can break down genetic resistance to tobamoviruses conferred by R genes Tm‐1, Tm‐2, and Tm‐22 in tomato and L1 and L2 alleles in pepper. Currently, no commercial ToBRFV‐resistant tomato cultivars are available. Integrated pest management‐based measures such as rotation, eradication of infected plants, disinfection of seeds, and chemical treatment of contaminated greenhouses have achieved very limited success. The generation and application of attenuated variants may be a fast and effective approach to protect greenhouse tomato against ToBRFV. Long‐term sustainable control will rely on the development of novel genetic resistance and resistant cultivars, which represents the most effective and environment‐friendly strategy for pathogen control. Taxonomy Tomato brown rugose fruit virus belongs to the genus Tobamovirus, in the family Virgaviridae. The genus also includes several economically important viruses such as Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus. Genome and virion The ToBRFV genome is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA of approximately 6.4 kb, encoding four open reading frames. The viral genomic RNA is encapsidated into virions that are rod‐shaped and about 300 nm long and 18 nm in diameter. Tobamovirus virions are considered extremely stable and can survive in plant debris or on seed surfaces for long periods of time. Disease symptoms Leaves, particularly young leaves, of tomato plants infected by ToBRFV exhibit mild to severe mosaic symptoms with dark green bulges, narrowness, and deformation. The peduncles and calyces often become necrotic and fail to produce fruit. Yellow blotches, brown or black spots, and rugose wrinkles appear on tomato fruits. In pepper plants, ToBRFV infection results in puckering and yellow mottling on leaves with stunted growth of young seedlings and small yellow to brown rugose dots and necrotic blotches on fruits. This pathogen profile summarizes current knowledge about ToBRFV, highlights recent research progress, discusses future research directions, and proposes short‐run and long‐term control strategies.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA virus that infects tomato and pepper, with tomato as the primary host. The virus causes severe crop losses and threatens tomato production worldwide. ToBRFV was discovered in greenhouse tomato plants grown in Jordan in spring 2015 and its first outbreak was traced back to 2014 in Israel. To date, the virus has been reported in at least 35 countries across four continents in the world. ToBRFV is transmitted mainly via contaminated seeds and mechanical contact (such as through standard horticultural practices). Given the global nature of the seed production and distribution chain, and ToBRFV's seed transmissibility, the extent of its spread is probably more severe than has been disclosed. ToBRFV can break down genetic resistance to tobamoviruses conferred by R genes Tm‐1 , Tm‐2 , and Tm‐2 2 in tomato and L 1 and L 2 alleles in pepper. Currently, no commercial ToBRFV‐resistant tomato cultivars are available. Integrated pest management‐based measures such as rotation, eradication of infected plants, disinfection of seeds, and chemical treatment of contaminated greenhouses have achieved very limited success. The generation and application of attenuated variants may be a fast and effective approach to protect greenhouse tomato against ToBRFV. Long‐term sustainable control will rely on the development of novel genetic resistance and resistant cultivars, which represents the most effective and environment‐friendly strategy for pathogen control. This pathogen profile summarizes current knowledge about ToBRFV, highlights recent research progress, discusses future research directions, and proposes short‐run and long‐term control strategies.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA virus that infects tomato and pepper, with tomato as the primary host. The virus causes severe crop losses and threatens tomato production worldwide. ToBRFV was discovered in greenhouse tomato plants grown in Jordan in spring 2015 and its first outbreak was traced back to 2014 in Israel. To date, the virus has been reported in at least 35 countries across four continents in the world. ToBRFV is transmitted mainly via contaminated seeds and mechanical contact (such as through standard horticultural practices). Given the global nature of the seed production and distribution chain, and ToBRFV's seed transmissibility, the extent of its spread is probably more severe than has been disclosed. ToBRFV can break down genetic resistance to tobamoviruses conferred by R genes Tm‐1, Tm‐2, and Tm‐22 in tomato and L1 and L2 alleles in pepper. Currently, no commercial ToBRFV‐resistant tomato cultivars are available. Integrated pest management‐based measures such as rotation, eradication of infected plants, disinfection of seeds, and chemical treatment of contaminated greenhouses have achieved very limited success. The generation and application of attenuated variants may be a fast and effective approach to protect greenhouse tomato against ToBRFV. Long‐term sustainable control will rely on the development of novel genetic resistance and resistant cultivars, which represents the most effective and environment‐friendly strategy for pathogen control.TaxonomyTomato brown rugose fruit virus belongs to the genus Tobamovirus, in the family Virgaviridae. The genus also includes several economically important viruses such as Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus.Genome and virionThe ToBRFV genome is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA of approximately 6.4 kb, encoding four open reading frames. The viral genomic RNA is encapsidated into virions that are rod‐shaped and about 300 nm long and 18 nm in diameter. Tobamovirus virions are considered extremely stable and can survive in plant debris or on seed surfaces for long periods of time.Disease symptomsLeaves, particularly young leaves, of tomato plants infected by ToBRFV exhibit mild to severe mosaic symptoms with dark green bulges, narrowness, and deformation. The peduncles and calyces often become necrotic and fail to produce fruit. Yellow blotches, brown or black spots, and rugose wrinkles appear on tomato fruits. In pepper plants, ToBRFV infection results in puckering and yellow mottling on leaves with stunted growth of young seedlings and small yellow to brown rugose dots and necrotic blotches on fruits.
Author Bernards, Mark A.
Wang, Aiming
Zhang, Shaokang
Griffiths, Jonathan S.
Marchand, Geneviève
AuthorAffiliation 4 Harrow Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Harrow Ontario Canada
1 London Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada London Ontario Canada
2 Department of Biology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
3 London Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Vineland Ontario Canada
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Biology The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
– name: 4 Harrow Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Harrow Ontario Canada
– name: 3 London Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Vineland Ontario Canada
– name: 1 London Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada London Ontario Canada
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Shaokang
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8457-9918
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Shaokang
  organization: The University of Western Ontario
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jonathan S.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4512-7374
  surname: Griffiths
  fullname: Griffiths, Jonathan S.
  organization: Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Geneviève
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8138-942X
  surname: Marchand
  fullname: Marchand, Geneviève
  organization: Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Mark A.
  surname: Bernards
  fullname: Bernards, Mark A.
  organization: The University of Western Ontario
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Aiming
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2233-0652
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Aiming
  email: aiming.wang@agr.gc.ca
  organization: The University of Western Ontario
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35598295$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright 2022 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.
2022 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
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Copyright_xml – notice: 2022 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.
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Issue 9
Keywords Tomato brown rugose fruit virus
cross protection
RNA virus
emerging virus
tomato
seedborne virus
tobamovirus
Language English
License Attribution
2022 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Snippet Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA virus that infects tomato and pepper, with tomato as the primary host. The...
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StartPage 1262
SubjectTerms Agricultural practices
calyx
Chemical treatment
Crop diseases
Crops
cross protection
Cultivars
deformation
Diameters
Disinfection
Economic importance
emerging virus
Epidemics
Fruit
Fruits
genetic resistance
genomics
Greenhouses
horticulture
Infections
Integrated pest management
Israel
Jordan
Leaves
Open reading frames
Pathogen Profile
Pathogen Profiles
Pathogens
pepper
Pest control
pests
Plant debris
plant pathology
Plant reproduction
Plant virus diseases
Plant Viruses - genetics
Plants
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
RNA virus
RNA viruses
RNA, Plant
RNA, Viral - genetics
seedborne virus
Seedlings
Seeds
Signs and symptoms
Solanum lycopersicum - genetics
spring
Taxonomy
Tobacco
Tobacco mosaic virus
Tobamovirus
Tobamovirus - genetics
tomato
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus
Tomato mosaic virus
Tomatoes
virion
Virions
Viruses
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Title Tomato brown rugose fruit virus: An emerging and rapidly spreading plant RNA virus that threatens tomato production worldwide
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fmpp.13229
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35598295
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Volume 23
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