Distinguish oral-source VOCs and control their potential impact on breath biomarkers
By means of glass bottle sampling followed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique, the change characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breaths, between before gargling and after gargling, were investigated, respectively, in 41 health...
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| Published in | Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Vol. 414; no. 6; pp. 2275 - 2284 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.03.2022
Springer Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1618-2642 1618-2650 1618-2650 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00216-021-03866-8 |
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| Abstract | By means of glass bottle sampling followed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique, the change characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breaths, between before gargling and after gargling, were investigated, respectively, in 41 healthy subjects and 50 esophageal cancer patients. Using an untargeted strategy, 143 VOC chromatographic peaks were enrolled in the statistical analysis. Based on the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the VOC variations after gargling for each breath test group were obtained according to the combined criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP > 1.5), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (
P
< 0.05), and fold change (FC > 2.0). When gargled, the levels of indole, phenol, 1-propanol, and p-cresol in the breath of healthy people decreased; meanwhile, for esophageal cancer patients, the declined VOCs in breath were indole, phenol, dimethyl disulfide, and p-cresol. Particularly, these substances were previously reported as breath biomarkers in some diseases such as esophageal, gastric, thyroid, breast, oral, and lung cancers, as well as certain non-cancer disorders. The present work indicates that expiratory VOCs involve the prominent oral cavity source, and in the breath biomarkers study, the potential impact that originates from oral volatiles should be considered. In view of the present results, it is also proposed that gargle pretreatment could eliminate possible interference from the oral cavity VOCs that might benefit breath biomarker investigation.
Graphical abstract
Gargle pretreatment helps to distinguish oral-source VOCs and control their potential impact on breath biomarkers |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | By means of glass bottle sampling followed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique, the change characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breaths, between before gargling and after gargling, were investigated, respectively, in 41 healthy subjects and 50 esophageal cancer patients. Using an untargeted strategy, 143 VOC chromatographic peaks were enrolled in the statistical analysis. Based on the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the VOC variations after gargling for each breath test group were obtained according to the combined criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP > 1.5), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (
P
< 0.05), and fold change (FC > 2.0). When gargled, the levels of indole, phenol, 1-propanol, and p-cresol in the breath of healthy people decreased; meanwhile, for esophageal cancer patients, the declined VOCs in breath were indole, phenol, dimethyl disulfide, and p-cresol. Particularly, these substances were previously reported as breath biomarkers in some diseases such as esophageal, gastric, thyroid, breast, oral, and lung cancers, as well as certain non-cancer disorders. The present work indicates that expiratory VOCs involve the prominent oral cavity source, and in the breath biomarkers study, the potential impact that originates from oral volatiles should be considered. In view of the present results, it is also proposed that gargle pretreatment could eliminate possible interference from the oral cavity VOCs that might benefit breath biomarker investigation.
Graphical abstract
Gargle pretreatment helps to distinguish oral-source VOCs and control their potential impact on breath biomarkers By means of glass bottle sampling followed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique, the change characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breaths, between before gargling and after gargling, were investigated, respectively, in 41 healthy subjects and 50 esophageal cancer patients. Using an untargeted strategy, 143 VOC chromatographic peaks were enrolled in the statistical analysis. Based on the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the VOC variations after gargling for each breath test group were obtained according to the combined criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP > 1.5), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P < 0.05), and fold change (FC > 2.0). When gargled, the levels of indole, phenol, 1-propanol, and p-cresol in the breath of healthy people decreased; meanwhile, for esophageal cancer patients, the declined VOCs in breath were indole, phenol, dimethyl disulfide, and p-cresol. Particularly, these substances were previously reported as breath biomarkers in some diseases such as esophageal, gastric, thyroid, breast, oral, and lung cancers, as well as certain non-cancer disorders. The present work indicates that expiratory VOCs involve the prominent oral cavity source, and in the breath biomarkers study, the potential impact that originates from oral volatiles should be considered. In view of the present results, it is also proposed that gargle pretreatment could eliminate possible interference from the oral cavity VOCs that might benefit breath biomarker investigation. Gargle pretreatment helps to distinguish oral-source VOCs and control their potential impact on breath biomarkers By means of glass bottle sampling followed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique, the change characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breaths, between before gargling and after gargling, were investigated, respectively, in 41 healthy subjects and 50 esophageal cancer patients. Using an untargeted strategy, 143 VOC chromatographic peaks were enrolled in the statistical analysis. Based on the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the VOC variations after gargling for each breath test group were obtained according to the combined criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP > 1.5), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P 2.0). When gargled, the levels of indole, phenol, 1-propanol, and p-cresol in the breath of healthy people decreased; meanwhile, for esophageal cancer patients, the declined VOCs in breath were indole, phenol, dimethyl disulfide, and p-cresol. Particularly, these substances were previously reported as breath biomarkers in some diseases such as esophageal, gastric, thyroid, breast, oral, and lung cancers, as well as certain non-cancer disorders. The present work indicates that expiratory VOCs involve the prominent oral cavity source, and in the breath biomarkers study, the potential impact that originates from oral volatiles should be considered. In view of the present results, it is also proposed that gargle pretreatment could eliminate possible interference from the oral cavity VOCs that might benefit breath biomarker investigation. By means of glass bottle sampling followed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique, the change characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breaths, between before gargling and after gargling, were investigated, respectively, in 41 healthy subjects and 50 esophageal cancer patients. Using an untargeted strategy, 143 VOC chromatographic peaks were enrolled in the statistical analysis. Based on the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the VOC variations after gargling for each breath test group were obtained according to the combined criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP > 1.5), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P < 0.05), and fold change (FC > 2.0). When gargled, the levels of indole, phenol, 1-propanol, and p-cresol in the breath of healthy people decreased; meanwhile, for esophageal cancer patients, the declined VOCs in breath were indole, phenol, dimethyl disulfide, and p-cresol. Particularly, these substances were previously reported as breath biomarkers in some diseases such as esophageal, gastric, thyroid, breast, oral, and lung cancers, as well as certain non-cancer disorders. The present work indicates that expiratory VOCs involve the prominent oral cavity source, and in the breath biomarkers study, the potential impact that originates from oral volatiles should be considered. In view of the present results, it is also proposed that gargle pretreatment could eliminate possible interference from the oral cavity VOCs that might benefit breath biomarker investigation. Gargle pretreatment helps to distinguish oral-source VOCs and control their potential impact on breath biomarkers. By means of glass bottle sampling followed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique, the change characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breaths, between before gargling and after gargling, were investigated, respectively, in 41 healthy subjects and 50 esophageal cancer patients. Using an untargeted strategy, 143 VOC chromatographic peaks were enrolled in the statistical analysis. Based on the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the VOC variations after gargling for each breath test group were obtained according to the combined criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP > 1.5), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P 2.0). When gargled, the levels of indole, phenol, 1-propanol, and p-cresol in the breath of healthy people decreased; meanwhile, for esophageal cancer patients, the declined VOCs in breath were indole, phenol, dimethyl disulfide, and p-cresol. Particularly, these substances were previously reported as breath biomarkers in some diseases such as esophageal, gastric, thyroid, breast, oral, and lung cancers, as well as certain non-cancer disorders. The present work indicates that expiratory VOCs involve the prominent oral cavity source, and in the breath biomarkers study, the potential impact that originates from oral volatiles should be considered. In view of the present results, it is also proposed that gargle pretreatment could eliminate possible interference from the oral cavity VOCs that might benefit breath biomarker investigation. Graphical abstract By means of glass bottle sampling followed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique, the change characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breaths, between before gargling and after gargling, were investigated, respectively, in 41 healthy subjects and 50 esophageal cancer patients. Using an untargeted strategy, 143 VOC chromatographic peaks were enrolled in the statistical analysis. Based on the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the VOC variations after gargling for each breath test group were obtained according to the combined criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP > 1.5), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P < 0.05), and fold change (FC > 2.0). When gargled, the levels of indole, phenol, 1-propanol, and p-cresol in the breath of healthy people decreased; meanwhile, for esophageal cancer patients, the declined VOCs in breath were indole, phenol, dimethyl disulfide, and p-cresol. Particularly, these substances were previously reported as breath biomarkers in some diseases such as esophageal, gastric, thyroid, breast, oral, and lung cancers, as well as certain non-cancer disorders. The present work indicates that expiratory VOCs involve the prominent oral cavity source, and in the breath biomarkers study, the potential impact that originates from oral volatiles should be considered. In view of the present results, it is also proposed that gargle pretreatment could eliminate possible interference from the oral cavity VOCs that might benefit breath biomarker investigation. By means of glass bottle sampling followed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique, the change characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breaths, between before gargling and after gargling, were investigated, respectively, in 41 healthy subjects and 50 esophageal cancer patients. Using an untargeted strategy, 143 VOC chromatographic peaks were enrolled in the statistical analysis. Based on the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the VOC variations after gargling for each breath test group were obtained according to the combined criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP > 1.5), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P < 0.05), and fold change (FC > 2.0). When gargled, the levels of indole, phenol, 1-propanol, and p-cresol in the breath of healthy people decreased; meanwhile, for esophageal cancer patients, the declined VOCs in breath were indole, phenol, dimethyl disulfide, and p-cresol. Particularly, these substances were previously reported as breath biomarkers in some diseases such as esophageal, gastric, thyroid, breast, oral, and lung cancers, as well as certain non-cancer disorders. The present work indicates that expiratory VOCs involve the prominent oral cavity source, and in the breath biomarkers study, the potential impact that originates from oral volatiles should be considered. In view of the present results, it is also proposed that gargle pretreatment could eliminate possible interference from the oral cavity VOCs that might benefit breath biomarker investigation. Gargle pretreatment helps to distinguish oral-source VOCs and control their potential impact on breath biomarkers.By means of glass bottle sampling followed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique, the change characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breaths, between before gargling and after gargling, were investigated, respectively, in 41 healthy subjects and 50 esophageal cancer patients. Using an untargeted strategy, 143 VOC chromatographic peaks were enrolled in the statistical analysis. Based on the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the VOC variations after gargling for each breath test group were obtained according to the combined criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP > 1.5), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P < 0.05), and fold change (FC > 2.0). When gargled, the levels of indole, phenol, 1-propanol, and p-cresol in the breath of healthy people decreased; meanwhile, for esophageal cancer patients, the declined VOCs in breath were indole, phenol, dimethyl disulfide, and p-cresol. Particularly, these substances were previously reported as breath biomarkers in some diseases such as esophageal, gastric, thyroid, breast, oral, and lung cancers, as well as certain non-cancer disorders. The present work indicates that expiratory VOCs involve the prominent oral cavity source, and in the breath biomarkers study, the potential impact that originates from oral volatiles should be considered. In view of the present results, it is also proposed that gargle pretreatment could eliminate possible interference from the oral cavity VOCs that might benefit breath biomarker investigation. Gargle pretreatment helps to distinguish oral-source VOCs and control their potential impact on breath biomarkers. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Ge, Dianlong Zhang, Liwei Zou, Xue Lu, Yan Chu, Yannan Huang, Chaoqun Zhou, Jijuan Wang, Huanzhong Xia, Lei Shen, Chengyin Chu, Yajing Liu, Yawei |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dianlong surname: Ge fullname: Ge, Dianlong organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 2 givenname: Jijuan surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Jijuan organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yajing surname: Chu fullname: Chu, Yajing organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 4 givenname: Yan surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Yan email: ylu@cmpt.ac.cn organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 5 givenname: Xue surname: Zou fullname: Zou, Xue organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 6 givenname: Lei surname: Xia fullname: Xia, Lei organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 7 givenname: Yawei surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yawei organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 8 givenname: Chaoqun surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Chaoqun organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 9 givenname: Chengyin surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Chengyin organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 10 givenname: Liwei surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Liwei organization: Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 11 givenname: Huanzhong surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Huanzhong organization: Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 12 givenname: Yannan surname: Chu fullname: Chu, Yannan email: ychu@aiofm.ac.cn organization: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34982180$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | GC-MS Breath biomarker VOCs Oral cavity Untargeted analysis Gargling |
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