Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance of Skeletal Muscle Through Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-δ Activation
The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through angiotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle from wild-type and muscle-spec...
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          | Published in | Diabetes (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 62; no. 3; pp. 762 - 774 | 
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , | 
| Format | Journal Article | 
| Language | English | 
| Published | 
        Alexandria, VA
          American Diabetes Association
    
        01.03.2013
     | 
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text | 
| ISSN | 0012-1797 1939-327X 1939-327X  | 
| DOI | 10.2337/db12-0570 | 
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| Abstract | The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through angiotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle from wild-type and muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) δ knockout (MCK-PPARδ−/−) mice. Telmisartan increased PPARδ expression and activated PPARδ transcriptional activity in cultured C2C12 myotubes. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, telmisartan enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation as well as Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These effects were inhibited by antagonizing PPARδ or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, but not by PPARγ and PPARα inhibition. Palmitate reducing the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes could be restored by telmisartan. In vivo experiments showed that telmisartan treatment reversed high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in wild-type mice but not in MCK-PPARδ−/− mice. The protein levels of PPARδ, phospho-Akt, phospho-AS160, and Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane in the skeletal muscle on insulin stimulation were reduced by high-fat diet and were restored by telmisartan administration in wild-type mice. These effects were absent in MCK-PPARδ−/− mice. These findings implicate PPARδ as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertensive subjects with insulin resistance. | 
    
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| AbstractList | The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through angiotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle from wild-type and muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) δ knockout (MCK-PPARδ−/−) mice. Telmisartan increased PPARδ expression and activated PPARδ transcriptional activity in cultured C2C12 myotubes. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, telmisartan enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation as well as Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These effects were inhibited by antagonizing PPARδ or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, but not by PPARγ and PPARα inhibition. Palmitate reducing the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes could be restored by telmisartan. In vivo experiments showed that telmisartan treatment reversed high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in wild-type mice but not in MCK-PPARδ−/− mice. The protein levels of PPARδ, phospho-Akt, phospho-AS160, and Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane in the skeletal muscle on insulin stimulation were reduced by high-fat diet and were restored by telmisartan administration in wild-type mice. These effects were absent in MCK-PPARδ−/− mice. These findings implicate PPARδ as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertensive subjects with insulin resistance. The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through anglotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle from wild-type and muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ knockout (MCK-[PPARδ.sup.- /-] mice. Telmisartan increased PPARδ expression and activated PPARδ transcriptional activity in cultured C2C12 myotubes. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, telmisartan enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation as well as Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These effects were inhibited by antagonizing PPARδ or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, but not by PPARγ and PPARα inhibition. Palmitate reducing the insulin- stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes could be restored by telmisartan. In vivo experiments showed that telmisartan treatment reversed high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in wild-type mice but not in MCK-PPAR[δ.sup.-/-] mice. The protein levels of PPARδ, phospho-Akt, phospho-AS160, and Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane in the skeletal muscle on insulin stimulation were reduced by high-fat diet and were restored by telmisartan administration in wild-type mice. These effects were absent in MCK-PPAR[δ.sup.-/-] mice. These findings implicate PPARδ as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertensive subjects with insulin resistance. The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through angiotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle from wild-type and muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ knockout (MCK-PPARδ(-/-)) mice. Telmisartan increased PPARδ expression and activated PPARδ transcriptional activity in cultured C2C12 myotubes. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, telmisartan enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation as well as Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These effects were inhibited by antagonizing PPARδ or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, but not by PPARγ and PPARα inhibition. Palmitate reducing the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes could be restored by telmisartan. In vivo experiments showed that telmisartan treatment reversed high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in wild-type mice but not in MCK-PPARδ(-/-) mice. The protein levels of PPARδ, phospho-Akt, phospho-AS160, and Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane in the skeletal muscle on insulin stimulation were reduced by high-fat diet and were restored by telmisartan administration in wild-type mice. These effects were absent in MCK-PPARδ(-/-) mice. These findings implicate PPARδ as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertensive subjects with insulin resistance. The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through angiotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle from wild-type and muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ knockout (MCK-PPARδ(-/-)) mice. Telmisartan increased PPARδ expression and activated PPARδ transcriptional activity in cultured C2C12 myotubes. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, telmisartan enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation as well as Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These effects were inhibited by antagonizing PPARδ or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, but not by PPARγ and PPARα inhibition. Palmitate reducing the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes could be restored by telmisartan. In vivo experiments showed that telmisartan treatment reversed high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in wild-type mice but not in MCK-PPARδ(-/-) mice. The protein levels of PPARδ, phospho-Akt, phospho-AS160, and Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane in the skeletal muscle on insulin stimulation were reduced by high-fat diet and were restored by telmisartan administration in wild-type mice. These effects were absent in MCK-PPARδ(-/-) mice. These findings implicate PPARδ as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertensive subjects with insulin resistance.The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through angiotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle from wild-type and muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ knockout (MCK-PPARδ(-/-)) mice. Telmisartan increased PPARδ expression and activated PPARδ transcriptional activity in cultured C2C12 myotubes. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, telmisartan enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation as well as Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These effects were inhibited by antagonizing PPARδ or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, but not by PPARγ and PPARα inhibition. Palmitate reducing the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes could be restored by telmisartan. In vivo experiments showed that telmisartan treatment reversed high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in wild-type mice but not in MCK-PPARδ(-/-) mice. The protein levels of PPARδ, phospho-Akt, phospho-AS160, and Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane in the skeletal muscle on insulin stimulation were reduced by high-fat diet and were restored by telmisartan administration in wild-type mice. These effects were absent in MCK-PPARδ(-/-) mice. These findings implicate PPARδ as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertensive subjects with insulin resistance.  | 
    
| Audience | Professional | 
    
| Author | He, Hongbo Li, Li Zhao, Yu Feng, Xiaoli Pu, Yunfei Luo, Zhidan Yu, Hao Chen, Jian Liu, Daoyan Zhu, Zhiming Zhong, Jian Wang, Peijian  | 
    
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| Issue | 3 | 
    
| Keywords | Endocrinopathy Target tissue resistance Diabetes mellitus Metabolic diseases Insulin resistance Striated muscle Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor  | 
    
| Language | English | 
    
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| Snippet | The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through angiotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We... The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through anglotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We...  | 
    
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| SubjectTerms | Analysis Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers - pharmacology Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers - therapeutic use Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use Animals Benzimidazoles - pharmacology Benzimidazoles - therapeutic use Benzoates - pharmacology Benzoates - therapeutic use Biological and medical sciences Biological Transport - drug effects Cell Line Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Glucose - metabolism Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use Insulin Resistance Ligands Medical sciences Metabolism Mice Mice, Knockout Muscle, Skeletal - drug effects Muscle, Skeletal - enzymology Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Muscle, Skeletal - pathology Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase - antagonists & inhibitors Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase - chemistry Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase - metabolism Physiological aspects PPAR gamma - agonists PPAR gamma - antagonists & inhibitors PPAR gamma - genetics PPAR gamma - metabolism Random Allocation Signal Transduction - drug effects Striated muscle. Tendons Telmisartan Up-Regulation - drug effects Vertebrates: osteoarticular system, musculoskeletal system  | 
    
| Title | Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance of Skeletal Muscle Through Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-δ Activation | 
    
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