Paracentral acute middle maculopathy after uneventful ocular surgery with local anaesthetic blocks
Objective To describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular surgery. Methods Retrospective, observational, international, multicentre case series. Nine cases of PAMM with associated visual loss following uneve...
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Published in | Eye (London) Vol. 36; no. 1; pp. 219 - 227 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.01.2022
Nature Publishing Group |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0950-222X 1476-5454 1476-5454 |
DOI | 10.1038/s41433-021-01481-6 |
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Abstract | Objective
To describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular surgery.
Methods
Retrospective, observational, international, multicentre case series. Nine cases of PAMM with associated visual loss following uneventful ocular surgery with local anaesthetic blocks were observed in a 9-year period (2011–2020). Demographic, ocular and systemic data, anaesthetic data and surgical details were collected. Visual acuity (VA), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were reviewed.
Results
All nine cases were associated with decreased VA at 24 h postoperative check (ranging from hand movement to 20/200). A hyperreflective band within the middle retinal layers was observed in the structural OCT in the acute phase, evolving to thinning and atrophy of the inner retinal layers in sequential follow-up scans performed. Fluorescein angiography showed delayed perfusion in early arterial phase with normal perfusion in late venous phases. OCTA showed decreased perfusion in the deep capillary plexus. Visual recovery was variable between cases during follow-up (ranging from count fingers to 20/20).
Conclusions
A combination of a vasoconstrictive effect of the anaesthetic agent, an intraocular pressure spike and a mechanical effect of the volume of anaesthetic injected may result in decreased retinal artery perfusion and be evidenced as PAMM in OCT scans. PAMM may present as a potential complication of local anaesthetic blocks in cases of unexpected visual loss after uneventful ocular surgery. |
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AbstractList | To describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular surgery.
Retrospective, observational, international, multicentre case series. Nine cases of PAMM with associated visual loss following uneventful ocular surgery with local anaesthetic blocks were observed in a 9-year period (2011-2020). Demographic, ocular and systemic data, anaesthetic data and surgical details were collected. Visual acuity (VA), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were reviewed.
All nine cases were associated with decreased VA at 24 h postoperative check (ranging from hand movement to 20/200). A hyperreflective band within the middle retinal layers was observed in the structural OCT in the acute phase, evolving to thinning and atrophy of the inner retinal layers in sequential follow-up scans performed. Fluorescein angiography showed delayed perfusion in early arterial phase with normal perfusion in late venous phases. OCTA showed decreased perfusion in the deep capillary plexus. Visual recovery was variable between cases during follow-up (ranging from count fingers to 20/20).
A combination of a vasoconstrictive effect of the anaesthetic agent, an intraocular pressure spike and a mechanical effect of the volume of anaesthetic injected may result in decreased retinal artery perfusion and be evidenced as PAMM in OCT scans. PAMM may present as a potential complication of local anaesthetic blocks in cases of unexpected visual loss after uneventful ocular surgery. ObjectiveTo describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular surgery.MethodsRetrospective, observational, international, multicentre case series. Nine cases of PAMM with associated visual loss following uneventful ocular surgery with local anaesthetic blocks were observed in a 9-year period (2011–2020). Demographic, ocular and systemic data, anaesthetic data and surgical details were collected. Visual acuity (VA), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were reviewed.ResultsAll nine cases were associated with decreased VA at 24 h postoperative check (ranging from hand movement to 20/200). A hyperreflective band within the middle retinal layers was observed in the structural OCT in the acute phase, evolving to thinning and atrophy of the inner retinal layers in sequential follow-up scans performed. Fluorescein angiography showed delayed perfusion in early arterial phase with normal perfusion in late venous phases. OCTA showed decreased perfusion in the deep capillary plexus. Visual recovery was variable between cases during follow-up (ranging from count fingers to 20/20).ConclusionsA combination of a vasoconstrictive effect of the anaesthetic agent, an intraocular pressure spike and a mechanical effect of the volume of anaesthetic injected may result in decreased retinal artery perfusion and be evidenced as PAMM in OCT scans. PAMM may present as a potential complication of local anaesthetic blocks in cases of unexpected visual loss after uneventful ocular surgery. Objective To describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular surgery. Methods Retrospective, observational, international, multicentre case series. Nine cases of PAMM with associated visual loss following uneventful ocular surgery with local anaesthetic blocks were observed in a 9-year period (2011–2020). Demographic, ocular and systemic data, anaesthetic data and surgical details were collected. Visual acuity (VA), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were reviewed. Results All nine cases were associated with decreased VA at 24 h postoperative check (ranging from hand movement to 20/200). A hyperreflective band within the middle retinal layers was observed in the structural OCT in the acute phase, evolving to thinning and atrophy of the inner retinal layers in sequential follow-up scans performed. Fluorescein angiography showed delayed perfusion in early arterial phase with normal perfusion in late venous phases. OCTA showed decreased perfusion in the deep capillary plexus. Visual recovery was variable between cases during follow-up (ranging from count fingers to 20/20). Conclusions A combination of a vasoconstrictive effect of the anaesthetic agent, an intraocular pressure spike and a mechanical effect of the volume of anaesthetic injected may result in decreased retinal artery perfusion and be evidenced as PAMM in OCT scans. PAMM may present as a potential complication of local anaesthetic blocks in cases of unexpected visual loss after uneventful ocular surgery. To describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular surgery.OBJECTIVETo describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular surgery.Retrospective, observational, international, multicentre case series. Nine cases of PAMM with associated visual loss following uneventful ocular surgery with local anaesthetic blocks were observed in a 9-year period (2011-2020). Demographic, ocular and systemic data, anaesthetic data and surgical details were collected. Visual acuity (VA), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were reviewed.METHODSRetrospective, observational, international, multicentre case series. Nine cases of PAMM with associated visual loss following uneventful ocular surgery with local anaesthetic blocks were observed in a 9-year period (2011-2020). Demographic, ocular and systemic data, anaesthetic data and surgical details were collected. Visual acuity (VA), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were reviewed.All nine cases were associated with decreased VA at 24 h postoperative check (ranging from hand movement to 20/200). A hyperreflective band within the middle retinal layers was observed in the structural OCT in the acute phase, evolving to thinning and atrophy of the inner retinal layers in sequential follow-up scans performed. Fluorescein angiography showed delayed perfusion in early arterial phase with normal perfusion in late venous phases. OCTA showed decreased perfusion in the deep capillary plexus. Visual recovery was variable between cases during follow-up (ranging from count fingers to 20/20).RESULTSAll nine cases were associated with decreased VA at 24 h postoperative check (ranging from hand movement to 20/200). A hyperreflective band within the middle retinal layers was observed in the structural OCT in the acute phase, evolving to thinning and atrophy of the inner retinal layers in sequential follow-up scans performed. Fluorescein angiography showed delayed perfusion in early arterial phase with normal perfusion in late venous phases. OCTA showed decreased perfusion in the deep capillary plexus. Visual recovery was variable between cases during follow-up (ranging from count fingers to 20/20).A combination of a vasoconstrictive effect of the anaesthetic agent, an intraocular pressure spike and a mechanical effect of the volume of anaesthetic injected may result in decreased retinal artery perfusion and be evidenced as PAMM in OCT scans. PAMM may present as a potential complication of local anaesthetic blocks in cases of unexpected visual loss after uneventful ocular surgery.CONCLUSIONSA combination of a vasoconstrictive effect of the anaesthetic agent, an intraocular pressure spike and a mechanical effect of the volume of anaesthetic injected may result in decreased retinal artery perfusion and be evidenced as PAMM in OCT scans. PAMM may present as a potential complication of local anaesthetic blocks in cases of unexpected visual loss after uneventful ocular surgery. |
Author | Bernal-Morales, Carolina Adán, Alfredo Keane, Pearse A. Tufail, Adnan Velazquez-Villoria, Daniel Zarranz-Ventura, Javier Cubero-Parra, Juan Manuel Sim, Dawn A. |
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To describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular surgery.... To describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular surgery.... ObjectiveTo describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular... To describe the role of local anaesthetic blocks as a potential cause of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after uneventful ocular... |
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SubjectTerms | 692/699/3161/3175 692/700/1421/1846 Acuity Anesthetics, Local - adverse effects Angiography Atrophy Fluorescein Fluorescein Angiography - methods Humans Laboratory Medicine Local anesthesia Macular Degeneration - complications Medical imaging Medicine Medicine & Public Health Ophthalmology Perfusion Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Photography Retina Retinal Diseases - etiology Retinal Diseases - surgery Retinal Vessels Retrospective Studies Surgery Surgical Oncology Tomography Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods |
Title | Paracentral acute middle maculopathy after uneventful ocular surgery with local anaesthetic blocks |
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