A Lipschitz Optimization-Based MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Condition

The power-voltage curve of a photovoltaic (PV) array shows multiple power peaks under partially shading conditions (PSCs). Hence, conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms can not guarantee the maximum power output of the PV array. In this study, a novel Lipschitz optimization (LIP...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE access Vol. 7; pp. 126323 - 126333
Main Authors Li, Wenfan, Zhang, Guogang, Pan, Tingzhe, Zhang, Zeyu, Geng, Yingsan, Wang, Jianhua
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Piscataway IEEE 2019
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2169-3536
2169-3536
DOI10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2939095

Cover

Abstract The power-voltage curve of a photovoltaic (PV) array shows multiple power peaks under partially shading conditions (PSCs). Hence, conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms can not guarantee the maximum power output of the PV array. In this study, a novel Lipschitz optimization (LIPO) MPPT algorithm, which is effective under PSCs, is proposed and analyzed. Its tracking speed is very fast and tracking efficiency is above 98%. The characteristics of a PV array under PSCs are first analyzed and then the working principle of the proposed LIPO MPPT algorithm is explained. In order to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, two popular MPPT algorithms, i.e., the modified particle swarm optimization (M-PSO) algorithm and the modified firefly optimization (M-firefly) algorithm, are chosen to compare with it. All three algorithms are fulfilled and compared with each other through both simulations and experiments and the results show that the proposed MPPT algorithm has good performance.
AbstractList The power-voltage curve of a photovoltaic (PV) array shows multiple power peaks under partially shading conditions (PSCs). Hence, conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms can not guarantee the maximum power output of the PV array. In this study, a novel Lipschitz optimization (LIPO) MPPT algorithm, which is effective under PSCs, is proposed and analyzed. Its tracking speed is very fast and tracking efficiency is above 98%. The characteristics of a PV array under PSCs are first analyzed and then the working principle of the proposed LIPO MPPT algorithm is explained. In order to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, two popular MPPT algorithms, i.e., the modified particle swarm optimization (M-PSO) algorithm and the modified firefly optimization (M-firefly) algorithm, are chosen to compare with it. All three algorithms are fulfilled and compared with each other through both simulations and experiments and the results show that the proposed MPPT algorithm has good performance.
Author Pan, Tingzhe
Geng, Yingsan
Wang, Jianhua
Li, Wenfan
Zhang, Zeyu
Zhang, Guogang
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Wenfan
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0844-4581
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Wenfan
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Guogang
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Guogang
  email: ggzhang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Tingzhe
  surname: Pan
  fullname: Pan, Tingzhe
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Zeyu
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Zeyu
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Yingsan
  surname: Geng
  fullname: Geng, Yingsan
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Jianhua
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Jianhua
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
BookMark eNptkVFv2yAQx62pk9Z1_QR9QdqzM8Bgm8fM6rZKmRop7TPCcCREjvGAbEo__ey6iqZovBw67ve_438fs6ve95BldwQvCMHiy7Jp7jebBcVELKgoBBb8XXZNSSnyghfl1T_3D9ltjHs8nnpM8eo6gyVauSHqnUsv6HFI7uBeVHK-z7-qCAb9XK-f0LLb-uDS7oCsD2i988n_9l1STqPNKSY4oOfewPiiQnKqQ5udMq7fosb3xk1in7L3VnURbt_iTfb87f6p-ZGvHr8_NMtVrlnFUq4EqTkTVQmltlxrrZhoBS6sBW1I2VoFrakBFwXjLWW4FgxbrCuOjSHc2uIme5h1jVd7OQR3UOEkvXLyNeHDVk4j6g4kayvCTFWZAhhrCVclZsAF5bWAklA1arFZ69gP6vRHdd1ZkGA5OS-V1hCjnJyXb86P2OcZG4L_dYSY5N4fQz_-WlLGecloRacqMVfp4GMMYKV26dX3FJTrzh3m3V52KC7Yy7n-T93NlAOAM1HXlJZ1XfwFKOWwww
CODEN IAECCG
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1109_JESTPE_2020_3036405
crossref_primary_10_1515_ijeeps_2021_0008
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00202_020_01201_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_asej_2024_103093
crossref_primary_10_1080_23080477_2024_2423965
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enconman_2023_117506
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_pel_2020_0736
crossref_primary_10_3390_pr11102946
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00202_024_02627_x
crossref_primary_10_4316_AECE_2023_03009
crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics13214148
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_rpg_2020_0454
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3094801
crossref_primary_10_3390_app11125552
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3034283
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40031_025_01211_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40313_022_00899_x
crossref_primary_10_3390_en14040841
crossref_primary_10_1002_2050_7038_13017
crossref_primary_10_1080_1448837X_2024_2307841
crossref_primary_10_1080_1448837X_2024_2414144
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_renene_2024_120110
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3002334
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2019_1277
crossref_primary_10_24237_djes_2023_16101
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3071136
crossref_primary_10_1002_cta_3018
crossref_primary_10_3390_en16155786
crossref_primary_10_1109_JESTPE_2022_3232848
crossref_primary_10_3390_app10155051
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00202_023_02231_5
crossref_primary_10_1049_rpg2_12486
crossref_primary_10_1002_tee_23571
Cites_doi 10.1109/TIE.2016.2632679
10.1109/TIE.2015.2407854
10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2890533
10.1109/TSTE.2015.2438781
10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2733555
10.1109/TIE.2012.2200223
10.1109/TCST.2015.2420674
10.1109/TEC.2012.2219533
10.1109/TPEL.2015.2389194
10.1109/TEC.2007.914308
10.1109/TSTE.2015.2482120
10.1109/TSTE.2014.2300162
10.1109/TEC.2016.2633722
10.1109/TIE.2017.2736484
10.1109/TSTE.2017.2669525
10.1109/TIE.2008.920550
10.1109/TIE.2017.2764840
10.23919/ACC.2017.7963430
10.1109/TPEL.2015.2504515
10.1109/TEC.2014.2298237
10.1109/TIE.2008.924036
10.1109/JESTPE.2016.2581858
10.1109/TIE.2018.2829668
10.1109/TPEL.2012.2185713
10.1109/TIE.2015.2420617
10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2802927
10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2874525
10.1109/TIE.2012.2198036
10.1109/TIE.2016.2594233
10.1109/TSTE.2012.2202294
10.1109/TEC.2017.2669518
10.1109/TIE.2015.2458298
10.1109/TSTE.2015.2412694
10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2649600
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2019
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2019
DBID 97E
ESBDL
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SC
7SP
7SR
8BQ
8FD
JG9
JQ2
L7M
L~C
L~D
ADTOC
UNPAY
DOA
DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2939095
DatabaseName IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present
IEEE Xplore Open Access Journals
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Engineered Materials Abstracts
METADEX
Technology Research Database
Materials Research Database
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content
Unpaywall
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Materials Research Database
Engineered Materials Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
METADEX
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
DatabaseTitleList

Materials Research Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Xplore Digital Library (LUT)
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 3
  dbid: UNPAY
  name: Unpaywall
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Access Repository
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 2169-3536
EndPage 126333
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_4b714d77d3e44b15a604e592589e612a
10.1109/access.2019.2939095
10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2939095
8822688
Genre orig-research
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: National Key Research and Development Plan of China
  grantid: 2016YFF0201205
GroupedDBID 0R~
4.4
5VS
6IK
97E
AAJGR
ABAZT
ABVLG
ACGFS
ADBBV
AGSQL
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BCNDV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
EBS
EJD
ESBDL
GROUPED_DOAJ
IPLJI
JAVBF
KQ8
M43
M~E
O9-
OCL
OK1
RIA
RIE
RNS
AAYXX
CITATION
7SC
7SP
7SR
8BQ
8FD
JG9
JQ2
L7M
L~C
L~D
ADTOC
UNPAY
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-a91854976e6cf5ccca49b903ffecd16bfaebd8e03345b2408940f0c750dd15ff3
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISSN 2169-3536
IngestDate Tue Oct 14 19:05:51 EDT 2025
Tue Aug 19 18:41:46 EDT 2025
Sun Sep 07 03:36:49 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 03:22:42 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:50:56 EDT 2025
Wed Aug 27 02:29:13 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
cc-by
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c474t-a91854976e6cf5ccca49b903ffecd16bfaebd8e03345b2408940f0c750dd15ff3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0003-0844-4581
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/4b714d77d3e44b15a604e592589e612a
PQID 2455642725
PQPubID 4845423
PageCount 11
ParticipantIDs crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2939095
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2939095
proquest_journals_2455642725
doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_4b714d77d3e44b15a604e592589e612a
unpaywall_primary_10_1109_access_2019_2939095
ieee_primary_8822688
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20190000
2019-00-00
20190101
2019-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – year: 2019
  text: 20190000
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Piscataway
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Piscataway
PublicationTitle IEEE access
PublicationTitleAbbrev Access
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References ref35
ref13
ref34
ref12
ref15
ref14
ref31
ref30
ref33
ref11
ref32
ref2
ref1
ref17
ref16
ref19
ref18
malherbe (ref28) 2017; 70
ref24
ref26
liu (ref10) 2008; 55
ref25
ref20
ref22
ref21
ref27
ref29
sundareswaran (ref23) 2014; 29
ref8
ref7
ref9
ref4
ref3
ref6
ref5
References_xml – ident: ref2
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2016.2632679
– ident: ref16
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2407854
– ident: ref11
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2890533
– ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2438781
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2733555
– ident: ref20
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2012.2200223
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.1109/TCST.2015.2420674
– ident: ref22
  doi: 10.1109/TEC.2012.2219533
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2389194
– ident: ref30
  doi: 10.1109/TEC.2007.914308
– ident: ref25
  doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2482120
– ident: ref9
  doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2014.2300162
– ident: ref26
  doi: 10.1109/TEC.2016.2633722
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2017.2736484
– ident: ref27
  doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2017.2669525
– volume: 55
  start-page: 2622
  year: 2008
  ident: ref10
  article-title: A variable step size inc MPPT method for PV systems
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Ind Electron
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.920550
– ident: ref17
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2017.2764840
– volume: 70
  start-page: 2314
  year: 2017
  ident: ref28
  article-title: Global optimization of Lipschitz functions
  publication-title: Proc 34th Int Conf Mach Learn
– ident: ref29
  doi: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963430
– ident: ref34
  doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2504515
– volume: 29
  start-page: 463
  year: 2014
  ident: ref23
  article-title: MPPT of PV systems under partial shaded conditions through a colony of flashing fireflies
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Energy Convers
  doi: 10.1109/TEC.2014.2298237
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.924036
– ident: ref24
  doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2016.2581858
– ident: ref35
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2018.2829668
– ident: ref21
  doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2185713
– ident: ref31
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2420617
– ident: ref33
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2802927
– ident: ref13
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2874525
– ident: ref6
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2012.2198036
– ident: ref18
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2016.2594233
– ident: ref7
  doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2012.2202294
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1109/TEC.2017.2669518
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2458298
– ident: ref32
  doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2412694
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2649600
SSID ssj0000816957
Score 2.3560073
Snippet The power-voltage curve of a photovoltaic (PV) array shows multiple power peaks under partially shading conditions (PSCs). Hence, conventional maximum power...
The power–voltage curve of a photovoltaic (PV) array shows multiple power peaks under partially shading conditions (PSCs). Hence, conventional maximum power...
SourceID doaj
unpaywall
proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 126323
SubjectTerms Algorithms
Arrays
Convergence
Global maximum power point (GMPP)
Integrated circuit modeling
Lipschitz optimization (LIPO)
Maximum power point trackers
maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
Maximum power tracking
Optimization
partially shaded condition (PSC)
Particle swarm optimization
Photovoltaic cells
Photovoltaic systems
Shading
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  dbid: RIE
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3Pb9MwFLa2XYDD-DEQZQP5wHHunMQ_j13FNCEKldik3SzHsWlF11Rbqon99XtO3KgDhLhFkRPb-p79PtvP30PoI7XBZdwKEmAGJoxLR6wvGSkc-FsncpfZeMF58lWcX7LPV_xqBx33d2G8923wmR_Gx_Ysv6rdOm6VnQAbzIVSu2hXKtHd1er3U2ICCc1lEhbKqD4ZjcfQhxi9pYfg1DSNOSS2nE-r0Z-Sqjzil0_Wy5X9dWcXiy1Xc_YcTTaN7CJMfg7XTTl097_pN_5vL16g_cQ58agzkpdoxy9foWdbSoQHyI_wl_nqNh4q3ONvMI1cp_uZ5BTcXIUn0-kFHi1-1DfzZnaNgeni6axuapjcGjt3uBM-x20WJTyN5ggVfp-1Afp4XMdzcfjZa3R59ulifE5SBgbimGQNsRrcOQPG4oUL3AHaTJeaFjHUpMpEGQDXSnlaFIyXUSxNMxqoAxZSVRkPoXiD9pb10r9FWLpQOGBHQElgkSSEdlQ6pbxXPGRBFQOUb6AxLsmTxywZC9MuU6g2HZ4m4mkSngN03H-06tQ5_l38NGLeF43S2u0LwMekkWpYKTNWSVkVnrEy2jFlnuucK-2BDtoBOoiY9j9JcA7Q0caCTJoGbk3OOIcFnsyhatJb1R9NtW1uzEdNfff3Wg7R01iq2wM6QnvNzdq_B1bUlB_a4fAAungJaA
  priority: 102
  providerName: IEEE
– databaseName: Unpaywall
  dbid: UNPAY
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3Pb9MwFLagOyAO_BqIwkA-cMSpk9hOfMwqpgmxEYlVGifLcWxaLWuqLRXb_nqeE7fqQEKCWxQ5jqP32e9z3vP3EPpAtTMx14I4WIEJ45kh2laMpAb8rRGJibU_4HxyKo5n7PM5Pw8_3PqzMNbaPvnMRv6yj-UvbHOTTUTixdPkJPeK6jSeeG6YiDyPVrV7iPYEBy4-Qnuz07L47ivKxUKStI9Nvg3CmhPd1yD0-VwyAjcnqa8qseOOetX-UGblHuN8tF6u9O1P3TQ7zufoKVKbYQ85JxfRuqsic_ebouP_f9cz9CTwUlwMQHqOHtjlC_R4R61wH9kCf1msrn3g4Q5_haXmMpzhJIfgCmt8UpZnuGh-tFeLbn6JgQ3jct52LSyAnV4YPIij477SEi49ZOGF3-Z9Ej-etj52Dp29RLOjT2fTYxKqNBDDMtYRLcHlM2A1VhjHDSCCyUrS1Kej1LGoHNi-zi1NU8YrL6gmGXXUAFOp65g7l75Co2W7tK8RzoxLDTAooC2wkRJCGpqZPLc25y52eTpGycZYygQJc19Jo1H9VoZKVUyngFvlLayChcfo4_ah1aDg8ffmhx4F26Zefru_ARZTYTYrVmUxq7OsTi1jlcc6ZZbLhOfSAmXUY7TvrbztJJh0jA42mFJhqbhWCeMcNoFZAq8mW5z9MdQBu_eG-uYf2x-gUXe1tu-ARXXV-zBVfgE2kxd6
  priority: 102
  providerName: Unpaywall
Title A Lipschitz Optimization-Based MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Condition
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8822688
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2455642725
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08822688.pdf
https://doaj.org/article/4b714d77d3e44b15a604e592589e612a
UnpaywallVersion publishedVersion
Volume 7
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAFT
  databaseName: Open Access Digital Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2169-3536
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000816957
  issn: 2169-3536
  databaseCode: KQ8
  dateStart: 20130101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html
  providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
– providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2169-3536
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000816957
  issn: 2169-3536
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20130101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2169-3536
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000816957
  issn: 2169-3536
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20130101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Nb9QwELVQOQAHBBTElnblA0dMncSfx3TVqkK0RKIrlVPkODa70nazalMh-us7dtxVKiS4cI0SezIzmXkT228Q-kiNtxk3gniIwIRxaYlxDSOFhXxrRW4zEw44n52L0zn7cskvR62-wp6wgR54UNwha2TGWinbwjHWhGEpc1znXGkH2TlCI6r0qJiKMVhlQnOZaIYyqg_L2QzeKOzl0p8hxWkaOkqMUlFk7E8tVh6hzWe36435_cusVqPEc_IKvUyIEZeDpK_RE7d-g16MeAR3kSvx1-XmJiwJ3OFvEASu0ulKcgRJqsVnVXWBy9XP7nrZL64w4FRcLbq-g9DUm6XFA205jj2QcBV0AhN-X8Tt9XjWhVVtGOwtmp8cX8xOSeqfQCyTrCdGQzJmgDecsJ5bsBXTjaZF2CjSZqLxYJVWOVoUjDeB6kwz6qkFDNG2Gfe-eId21t3avUdYWl9YwDYAKKDEEUJbKq1SzinuM6-KCcofVFnbRC4eelys6lhkUF0P-q-D_uuk_wn6tH1oM3Br_P32o2Cj7a2BGDteAHepk7vU_3KXCdoNFt4OAgVGLpSaoP0Hi9fpI76pc8Y5lGcyh6nJ1gv-ENXEzpaPRN37H6J-QM_DmMP_nn2001_fugNAQH0zjc4-jYcVp-jp_Lwqf9wDfTsBgw
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3Pb9MwFH4a4zA48GsgCgN84Lh0TmLH8bGrmAq0oxKdtJvlODat6JpqS4XYX89z4kYdIMQtiuLY1vfs99l-_h7Ae6qdibnOIoczcMS4MJG2BYtSg_7WZImJtb_gPDnPRhfs0yW_3IPj7i6MtbYJPrN9_9ic5ZeV2fitshNkg0mW5_fgPmeM8fa2Vrej4lNISC6CtFBM5clgOMRe-Pgt2Ue3JqnPIrHjfhqV_pBW5Q7DPNis1vrnD71c7jibs8cw2TazjTH53t_URd_c_qbg-L_9eAKPAuskg9ZMnsKeXT2DhztahIdgB2S8WN_4Y4Vb8gUnkqtwQzM6RUdXksl0OiOD5bfqelHPrwhyXTKdV3WF01utF4a00uekyaNEpt4gscKv8yZEnwwrfzKOP3sOF2cfZsNRFHIwRIYJVkdaokNnyFlsZhw3iDeThaSpDzYp46xwiGyZW5qmjBdeLk0y6qhBHlKWMXcufQH7q2plXwIRxqUG-RGSElwmZZk0VJg8tzbnLnZ52oNkC40yQaDc58lYqmahQqVq8VQeTxXw7MFxV2jd6nP8-_NTj3n3qRfXbl4gPiqMVcUKEbNSiDK1jBXekimzXCY8lxYJoe7Boce0-0mAswdHWwtSYSK4UQnjHJd4IsGqo86q_miqbrJj3mnqq7_X8g4ORrPJWI0_nn9-DQ98iXZH6Aj26-uNfYMcqS7eNkPjF72wDLU
linkToUnpaywall http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3Pb9MwFLagOyAO_BqIwkA-cMSpk9hOfMwqpgmxEYlVGifLcWxaLWuqLRXb_nqeE7fqQEKCWxQ5jqP32e9z3vP3EPpAtTMx14I4WIEJ45kh2laMpAb8rRGJibU_4HxyKo5n7PM5Pw8_3PqzMNbaPvnMRv6yj-UvbHOTTUTixdPkJPeK6jSeeG6YiDyPVrV7iPYEBy4-Qnuz07L47ivKxUKStI9Nvg3CmhPd1yD0-VwyAjcnqa8qseOOetX-UGblHuN8tF6u9O1P3TQ7zufoKVKbYQ85JxfRuqsic_ebouP_f9cz9CTwUlwMQHqOHtjlC_R4R61wH9kCf1msrn3g4Q5_haXmMpzhJIfgCmt8UpZnuGh-tFeLbn6JgQ3jct52LSyAnV4YPIij477SEi49ZOGF3-Z9Ej-etj52Dp29RLOjT2fTYxKqNBDDMtYRLcHlM2A1VhjHDSCCyUrS1Kej1LGoHNi-zi1NU8YrL6gmGXXUAFOp65g7l75Co2W7tK8RzoxLDTAooC2wkRJCGpqZPLc25y52eTpGycZYygQJc19Jo1H9VoZKVUyngFvlLayChcfo4_ah1aDg8ffmhx4F26Zefru_ARZTYTYrVmUxq7OsTi1jlcc6ZZbLhOfSAmXUY7TvrbztJJh0jA42mFJhqbhWCeMcNoFZAq8mW5z9MdQBu_eG-uYf2x-gUXe1tu-ARXXV-zBVfgE2kxd6
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Lipschitz+Optimization-Based+MPPT+Algorithm+for+Photovoltaic+System+Under+Partial+Shading+Condition&rft.jtitle=IEEE+access&rft.au=Li%2C+Wenfan&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Guogang&rft.au=Pan%2C+Tingzhe&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Zeyu&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=2169-3536&rft.eissn=2169-3536&rft.volume=7&rft.spage=126323&rft.epage=126333&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FACCESS.2019.2939095&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2939095
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon