Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome has a role in asthma

Worldwide 300 million children and adults are affected by asthma. The development of asthma is influenced by environmental and other exogenous factors synergizing with genetic predisposition, and shaping the lung microbiome especially during birth and in very early life. The healthy lung microbial c...

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Published in	Seminars in immunopathology Vol. 42; no. 1; pp. 75 - 93
Main Authors	Hufnagl, Karin, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Roth-Walter, Franziska, Jensen-Jarolim, Erika
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2020 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects	Adult Allergens Antibiotics Asthma Asthma - etiology Bacteria Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Bronchoconstriction Child Child, Preschool Children Dysbacteriosis Dysbiosis Food allergies Gastrointestinal Microbiome Humans Hyperreactivity Immunology Immunosuppressive agents Inflammation Internal Medicine Intestinal microflora Lung Lungs Microbiomes Microbiota Pollutants Probiotics Review Allergy Probiotics Antibiotics Th2 inflammation Asthma Microbiome
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	1863-2297 1863-2300 1863-2300
DOI	10.1007/s00281-019-00775-y

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Abstract	Worldwide 300 million children and adults are affected by asthma. The development of asthma is influenced by environmental and other exogenous factors synergizing with genetic predisposition, and shaping the lung microbiome especially during birth and in very early life. The healthy lung microbial composition is characterized by a prevalence of bacteria belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes , Actinobacteria , and Firmicutes . However, viral respiratory infections are associated with an abundance of Proteobacteria with genera Haemophilus and Moraxella in young children and adult asthmatics. This dysbiosis supports the activation of inflammatory pathways and contributes to bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Exogenous factors can affect the natural lung microbiota composition positively (farming environment) or negatively (allergens, air pollutants). It is evident that also gut microbiota dysbiosis has a high influence on asthma pathogenesis. Antibiotics, antiulcer medications, and other drugs severely impair gut as well as lung microbiota. Resulting dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity dysregulate the bidirectional crosstalk across the gut-lung axis, resulting in hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity to respiratory and food allergens. Efforts are undertaken to reconstitute the microbiota and immune balance by probiotics and engineered bacteria, but results from human studies do not yet support their efficacy in asthma prevention or treatment. Overall, dysbiosis of gut and lung seem to be critical causes of the increased emergence of asthma.
AbstractList	Worldwide 300 million children and adults are affected by asthma. The development of asthma is influenced by environmental and other exogenous factors synergizing with genetic predisposition, and shaping the lung microbiome especially during birth and in very early life. The healthy lung microbial composition is characterized by a prevalence of bacteria belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. However, viral respiratory infections are associated with an abundance of Proteobacteria with genera Haemophilus and Moraxella in young children and adult asthmatics. This dysbiosis supports the activation of inflammatory pathways and contributes to bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Exogenous factors can affect the natural lung microbiota composition positively (farming environment) or negatively (allergens, air pollutants). It is evident that also gut microbiota dysbiosis has a high influence on asthma pathogenesis. Antibiotics, antiulcer medications, and other drugs severely impair gut as well as lung microbiota. Resulting dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity dysregulate the bidirectional crosstalk across the gut-lung axis, resulting in hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity to respiratory and food allergens. Efforts are undertaken to reconstitute the microbiota and immune balance by probiotics and engineered bacteria, but results from human studies do not yet support their efficacy in asthma prevention or treatment. Overall, dysbiosis of gut and lung seem to be critical causes of the increased emergence of asthma. Worldwide 300 million children and adults are affected by asthma. The development of asthma is influenced by environmental and other exogenous factors synergizing with genetic predisposition, and shaping the lung microbiome especially during birth and in very early life. The healthy lung microbial composition is characterized by a prevalence of bacteria belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes , Actinobacteria , and Firmicutes . However, viral respiratory infections are associated with an abundance of Proteobacteria with genera Haemophilus and Moraxella in young children and adult asthmatics. This dysbiosis supports the activation of inflammatory pathways and contributes to bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Exogenous factors can affect the natural lung microbiota composition positively (farming environment) or negatively (allergens, air pollutants). It is evident that also gut microbiota dysbiosis has a high influence on asthma pathogenesis. Antibiotics, antiulcer medications, and other drugs severely impair gut as well as lung microbiota. Resulting dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity dysregulate the bidirectional crosstalk across the gut-lung axis, resulting in hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity to respiratory and food allergens. Efforts are undertaken to reconstitute the microbiota and immune balance by probiotics and engineered bacteria, but results from human studies do not yet support their efficacy in asthma prevention or treatment. Overall, dysbiosis of gut and lung seem to be critical causes of the increased emergence of asthma. Worldwide 300 million children and adults are affected by asthma. The development of asthma is influenced by environmental and other exogenous factors synergizing with genetic predisposition, and shaping the lung microbiome especially during birth and in very early life. The healthy lung microbial composition is characterized by a prevalence of bacteria belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. However, viral respiratory infections are associated with an abundance of Proteobacteria with genera Haemophilus and Moraxella in young children and adult asthmatics. This dysbiosis supports the activation of inflammatory pathways and contributes to bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Exogenous factors can affect the natural lung microbiota composition positively (farming environment) or negatively (allergens, air pollutants). It is evident that also gut microbiota dysbiosis has a high influence on asthma pathogenesis. Antibiotics, antiulcer medications, and other drugs severely impair gut as well as lung microbiota. Resulting dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity dysregulate the bidirectional crosstalk across the gut-lung axis, resulting in hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity to respiratory and food allergens. Efforts are undertaken to reconstitute the microbiota and immune balance by probiotics and engineered bacteria, but results from human studies do not yet support their efficacy in asthma prevention or treatment. Overall, dysbiosis of gut and lung seem to be critical causes of the increased emergence of asthma.Worldwide 300 million children and adults are affected by asthma. The development of asthma is influenced by environmental and other exogenous factors synergizing with genetic predisposition, and shaping the lung microbiome especially during birth and in very early life. The healthy lung microbial composition is characterized by a prevalence of bacteria belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. However, viral respiratory infections are associated with an abundance of Proteobacteria with genera Haemophilus and Moraxella in young children and adult asthmatics. This dysbiosis supports the activation of inflammatory pathways and contributes to bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Exogenous factors can affect the natural lung microbiota composition positively (farming environment) or negatively (allergens, air pollutants). It is evident that also gut microbiota dysbiosis has a high influence on asthma pathogenesis. Antibiotics, antiulcer medications, and other drugs severely impair gut as well as lung microbiota. Resulting dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity dysregulate the bidirectional crosstalk across the gut-lung axis, resulting in hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity to respiratory and food allergens. Efforts are undertaken to reconstitute the microbiota and immune balance by probiotics and engineered bacteria, but results from human studies do not yet support their efficacy in asthma prevention or treatment. Overall, dysbiosis of gut and lung seem to be critical causes of the increased emergence of asthma.
Author	Pali-Schöll, Isabella Roth-Walter, Franziska Hufnagl, Karin Jensen-Jarolim, Erika
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Karin orcidid: 0000-0002-2288-2468 surname: Hufnagl fullname: Hufnagl, Karin organization: The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, Medical University Vienna and University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna – sequence: 2 givenname: Isabella surname: Pali-Schöll fullname: Pali-Schöll, Isabella organization: The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, Medical University Vienna and University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna – sequence: 3 givenname: Franziska surname: Roth-Walter fullname: Roth-Walter, Franziska organization: The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, Medical University Vienna and University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna – sequence: 4 givenname: Erika surname: Jensen-Jarolim fullname: Jensen-Jarolim, Erika email: erika.jensen-jarolim@meduniwien.ac.at organization: The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, Medical University Vienna and University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32072252$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	Allergy Probiotics Antibiotics Th2 inflammation Asthma Microbiome
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Snippet	Worldwide 300 million children and adults are affected by asthma. The development of asthma is influenced by environmental and other exogenous factors...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Allergens Antibiotics Asthma Asthma - etiology Bacteria Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Bronchoconstriction Child Child, Preschool Children Dysbacteriosis Dysbiosis Food allergies Gastrointestinal Microbiome Humans Hyperreactivity Immunology Immunosuppressive agents Inflammation Internal Medicine Intestinal microflora Lung Lungs Microbiomes Microbiota Pollutants Probiotics Review
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Title	Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome has a role in asthma
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