Reproducibility and associations with obesity and insulin resistance of circadian-rhythm parameters in free-living vs. controlled conditions during the PREVIEW lifestyle study

Background Circadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily variation. Objective We compared reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time and under free-living vs. controlled conditions i...

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Published inInternational Journal of Obesity Vol. 45; no. 9; pp. 2038 - 2047
Main Authors Drummen, Mathijs, Tischmann, Lea, Gatta-Cherifi, Blandine, Raben, Anne, Adam, Tanja, Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.09.2021
Nature Publishing Group
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0307-0565
1476-5497
1476-5497
DOI10.1038/s41366-021-00873-8

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Abstract Background Circadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily variation. Objective We compared reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time and under free-living vs. controlled conditions in participants with obesity and pre-diabetes after 2- and 3-year weight-loss maintenance during the 3-year PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies In Europe and around the World) study. Associations of obesity and insulin resistance with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed. Subjects and methods Circadian-rhythm parameters were determined using continuous wrist-temperature measurements in free-living environments at year 2 ( n  = 24; age 56.8 ± 10.3 y; body mass index (BMI) = 30 ± 3.9 kg/m 2 ; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 2.4 ± 1.1), at year 3 ( n  = 97; age 61.7 ± 7.8; BMI = 29.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 2.9 ± 2.1), and at year 3 in a controlled condition ( n  = 38; age 63.4 ± 6.7; BMI = 28.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 3.8 ± 1.4). Reproducibility was assessed by analyzing repeatability coefficients (CR), differences, and associations, over time as well as between conditions. Associations of BMI and HOMA-IR with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed at y-3 in both conditions using factor analysis, followed by Pearson’s correlations. Results Reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time in the free-living environments was high (CR 0.002–5.26; no significant differences; associated amplitudes r  = 0.57; p  < 0.01). In contrast, reproducibility between different conditions was low (CR 0.02–11.36; significant differences between most parameters ( p  < 0.05); yet associated amplitudes r  = 0.59; p  < 0.01). In the controlled vs. free-living condition circadian-rhythm was more stable; BMI and HOMA-IR were associated with the physiological amplitude-related parameters ( r  = −0.45; p  < 0.01; r  = −0.33; p  < 0.05). In the free-living environment, BMI and behavioral circadian-rhythm parameters indicating circadian alignment, contributed most to the explained variation (47.1%), and were inversely associated ( r  = −0.22; p  < 0.05), while HOMA-IR was inversely associated with stability-related circadian-rhythm parameters ( r  = −0.21; p  < 0.05). Conclusions Circadian rhythm was highly reproducible over time in the free-living environments, yet different under different conditions, being more stable in the controlled condition. BMI may play a significant role in circadian alignment and vice versa in the free-living environment.
AbstractList Background Circadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily variation. Objective We compared reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time and under free-living vs. controlled conditions in participants with obesity and pre-diabetes after 2- and 3-year weight-loss maintenance during the 3-year PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies In Europe and around the World) study. Associations of obesity and insulin resistance with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed. Subjects and methods Circadian-rhythm parameters were determined using continuous wrist-temperature measurements in free-living environments at year 2 (n = 24; age 56.8 [plus or minus] 10.3 y; body mass index (BMI) = 30 [plus or minus] 3.9 kg/m.sup.2; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 2.4 [plus or minus] 1.1), at year 3 (n = 97; age 61.7 [plus or minus] 7.8; BMI = 29.7 [plus or minus] 3.9; HOMA-IR 2.9 [plus or minus] 2.1), and at year 3 in a controlled condition (n = 38; age 63.4 [plus or minus] 6.7; BMI = 28.7 [plus or minus] 3.9; HOMA-IR 3.8 [plus or minus] 1.4). Reproducibility was assessed by analyzing repeatability coefficients (CR), differences, and associations, over time as well as between conditions. Associations of BMI and HOMA-IR with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed at y-3 in both conditions using factor analysis, followed by Pearson's correlations. Results Reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time in the free-living environments was high (CR 0.002-5.26; no significant differences; associated amplitudes r = 0.57; p < 0.01). In contrast, reproducibility between different conditions was low (CR 0.02-11.36; significant differences between most parameters (p < 0.05); yet associated amplitudes r = 0.59; p < 0.01). In the controlled vs. free-living condition circadian-rhythm was more stable; BMI and HOMA-IR were associated with the physiological amplitude-related parameters (r = -0.45; p < 0.01; r = -0.33; p < 0.05). In the free-living environment, BMI and behavioral circadian-rhythm parameters indicating circadian alignment, contributed most to the explained variation (47.1%), and were inversely associated (r = -0.22; p < 0.05), while HOMA-IR was inversely associated with stability-related circadian-rhythm parameters (r = -0.21; p < 0.05). Conclusions Circadian rhythm was highly reproducible over time in the free-living environments, yet different under different conditions, being more stable in the controlled condition. BMI may play a significant role in circadian alignment and vice versa in the free-living environment.
Circadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily variation. We compared reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time and under free-living vs. controlled conditions in participants with obesity and pre-diabetes after 2- and 3-year weight-loss maintenance during the 3-year PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies In Europe and around the World) study. Associations of obesity and insulin resistance with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed. Circadian-rhythm parameters were determined using continuous wrist-temperature measurements in free-living environments at year 2 (n = 24; age 56.8 ± 10.3 y; body mass index (BMI) = 30 ± 3.9 kg/m ; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 2.4 ± 1.1), at year 3 (n = 97; age 61.7 ± 7.8; BMI = 29.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 2.9 ± 2.1), and at year 3 in a controlled condition (n = 38; age 63.4 ± 6.7; BMI = 28.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 3.8 ± 1.4). Reproducibility was assessed by analyzing repeatability coefficients (CR), differences, and associations, over time as well as between conditions. Associations of BMI and HOMA-IR with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed at y-3 in both conditions using factor analysis, followed by Pearson's correlations. Reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time in the free-living environments was high (CR 0.002-5.26; no significant differences; associated amplitudes r = 0.57; p < 0.01). In contrast, reproducibility between different conditions was low (CR 0.02-11.36; significant differences between most parameters (p < 0.05); yet associated amplitudes r = 0.59; p < 0.01). In the controlled vs. free-living condition circadian-rhythm was more stable; BMI and HOMA-IR were associated with the physiological amplitude-related parameters (r = -0.45; p < 0.01; r = -0.33; p < 0.05). In the free-living environment, BMI and behavioral circadian-rhythm parameters indicating circadian alignment, contributed most to the explained variation (47.1%), and were inversely associated (r = -0.22; p < 0.05), while HOMA-IR was inversely associated with stability-related circadian-rhythm parameters (r = -0.21; p < 0.05). Circadian rhythm was highly reproducible over time in the free-living environments, yet different under different conditions, being more stable in the controlled condition. BMI may play a significant role in circadian alignment and vice versa in the free-living environment.
Background Circadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily variation. Objective We compared reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time and under free-living vs. controlled conditions in participants with obesity and pre-diabetes after 2- and 3-year weight-loss maintenance during the 3-year PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies In Europe and around the World) study. Associations of obesity and insulin resistance with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed. Subjects and methods Circadian-rhythm parameters were determined using continuous wrist-temperature measurements in free-living environments at year 2 ( n  = 24; age 56.8 ± 10.3 y; body mass index (BMI) = 30 ± 3.9 kg/m 2 ; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 2.4 ± 1.1), at year 3 ( n  = 97; age 61.7 ± 7.8; BMI = 29.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 2.9 ± 2.1), and at year 3 in a controlled condition ( n  = 38; age 63.4 ± 6.7; BMI = 28.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 3.8 ± 1.4). Reproducibility was assessed by analyzing repeatability coefficients (CR), differences, and associations, over time as well as between conditions. Associations of BMI and HOMA-IR with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed at y-3 in both conditions using factor analysis, followed by Pearson’s correlations. Results Reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time in the free-living environments was high (CR 0.002–5.26; no significant differences; associated amplitudes r  = 0.57; p  < 0.01). In contrast, reproducibility between different conditions was low (CR 0.02–11.36; significant differences between most parameters ( p  < 0.05); yet associated amplitudes r  = 0.59; p  < 0.01). In the controlled vs. free-living condition circadian-rhythm was more stable; BMI and HOMA-IR were associated with the physiological amplitude-related parameters ( r  = −0.45; p  < 0.01; r  = −0.33; p  < 0.05). In the free-living environment, BMI and behavioral circadian-rhythm parameters indicating circadian alignment, contributed most to the explained variation (47.1%), and were inversely associated ( r  = −0.22; p  < 0.05), while HOMA-IR was inversely associated with stability-related circadian-rhythm parameters ( r  = −0.21; p  < 0.05). Conclusions Circadian rhythm was highly reproducible over time in the free-living environments, yet different under different conditions, being more stable in the controlled condition. BMI may play a significant role in circadian alignment and vice versa in the free-living environment.
Circadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily variation.BACKGROUNDCircadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily variation.We compared reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time and under free-living vs. controlled conditions in participants with obesity and pre-diabetes after 2- and 3-year weight-loss maintenance during the 3-year PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies In Europe and around the World) study. Associations of obesity and insulin resistance with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed.OBJECTIVEWe compared reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time and under free-living vs. controlled conditions in participants with obesity and pre-diabetes after 2- and 3-year weight-loss maintenance during the 3-year PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies In Europe and around the World) study. Associations of obesity and insulin resistance with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed.Circadian-rhythm parameters were determined using continuous wrist-temperature measurements in free-living environments at year 2 (n = 24; age 56.8 ± 10.3 y; body mass index (BMI) = 30 ± 3.9 kg/m2; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 2.4 ± 1.1), at year 3 (n = 97; age 61.7 ± 7.8; BMI = 29.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 2.9 ± 2.1), and at year 3 in a controlled condition (n = 38; age 63.4 ± 6.7; BMI = 28.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 3.8 ± 1.4). Reproducibility was assessed by analyzing repeatability coefficients (CR), differences, and associations, over time as well as between conditions. Associations of BMI and HOMA-IR with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed at y-3 in both conditions using factor analysis, followed by Pearson's correlations.SUBJECTS AND METHODSCircadian-rhythm parameters were determined using continuous wrist-temperature measurements in free-living environments at year 2 (n = 24; age 56.8 ± 10.3 y; body mass index (BMI) = 30 ± 3.9 kg/m2; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 2.4 ± 1.1), at year 3 (n = 97; age 61.7 ± 7.8; BMI = 29.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 2.9 ± 2.1), and at year 3 in a controlled condition (n = 38; age 63.4 ± 6.7; BMI = 28.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 3.8 ± 1.4). Reproducibility was assessed by analyzing repeatability coefficients (CR), differences, and associations, over time as well as between conditions. Associations of BMI and HOMA-IR with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed at y-3 in both conditions using factor analysis, followed by Pearson's correlations.Reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time in the free-living environments was high (CR 0.002-5.26; no significant differences; associated amplitudes r = 0.57; p < 0.01). In contrast, reproducibility between different conditions was low (CR 0.02-11.36; significant differences between most parameters (p < 0.05); yet associated amplitudes r = 0.59; p < 0.01). In the controlled vs. free-living condition circadian-rhythm was more stable; BMI and HOMA-IR were associated with the physiological amplitude-related parameters (r = -0.45; p < 0.01; r = -0.33; p < 0.05). In the free-living environment, BMI and behavioral circadian-rhythm parameters indicating circadian alignment, contributed most to the explained variation (47.1%), and were inversely associated (r = -0.22; p < 0.05), while HOMA-IR was inversely associated with stability-related circadian-rhythm parameters (r = -0.21; p < 0.05).RESULTSReproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time in the free-living environments was high (CR 0.002-5.26; no significant differences; associated amplitudes r = 0.57; p < 0.01). In contrast, reproducibility between different conditions was low (CR 0.02-11.36; significant differences between most parameters (p < 0.05); yet associated amplitudes r = 0.59; p < 0.01). In the controlled vs. free-living condition circadian-rhythm was more stable; BMI and HOMA-IR were associated with the physiological amplitude-related parameters (r = -0.45; p < 0.01; r = -0.33; p < 0.05). In the free-living environment, BMI and behavioral circadian-rhythm parameters indicating circadian alignment, contributed most to the explained variation (47.1%), and were inversely associated (r = -0.22; p < 0.05), while HOMA-IR was inversely associated with stability-related circadian-rhythm parameters (r = -0.21; p < 0.05).Circadian rhythm was highly reproducible over time in the free-living environments, yet different under different conditions, being more stable in the controlled condition. BMI may play a significant role in circadian alignment and vice versa in the free-living environment.CONCLUSIONSCircadian rhythm was highly reproducible over time in the free-living environments, yet different under different conditions, being more stable in the controlled condition. BMI may play a significant role in circadian alignment and vice versa in the free-living environment.
BackgroundCircadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily variation.ObjectiveWe compared reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time and under free-living vs. controlled conditions in participants with obesity and pre-diabetes after 2- and 3-year weight-loss maintenance during the 3-year PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies In Europe and around the World) study. Associations of obesity and insulin resistance with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed.Subjects and methodsCircadian-rhythm parameters were determined using continuous wrist-temperature measurements in free-living environments at year 2 (n = 24; age 56.8 ± 10.3 y; body mass index (BMI) = 30 ± 3.9 kg/m2; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 2.4 ± 1.1), at year 3 (n = 97; age 61.7 ± 7.8; BMI = 29.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 2.9 ± 2.1), and at year 3 in a controlled condition (n = 38; age 63.4 ± 6.7; BMI = 28.7 ± 3.9; HOMA-IR 3.8 ± 1.4). Reproducibility was assessed by analyzing repeatability coefficients (CR), differences, and associations, over time as well as between conditions. Associations of BMI and HOMA-IR with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed at y-3 in both conditions using factor analysis, followed by Pearson’s correlations.ResultsReproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time in the free-living environments was high (CR 0.002–5.26; no significant differences; associated amplitudes r = 0.57; p < 0.01). In contrast, reproducibility between different conditions was low (CR 0.02–11.36; significant differences between most parameters (p < 0.05); yet associated amplitudes r = 0.59; p < 0.01). In the controlled vs. free-living condition circadian-rhythm was more stable; BMI and HOMA-IR were associated with the physiological amplitude-related parameters (r = −0.45; p < 0.01; r = −0.33; p < 0.05). In the free-living environment, BMI and behavioral circadian-rhythm parameters indicating circadian alignment, contributed most to the explained variation (47.1%), and were inversely associated (r = −0.22; p < 0.05), while HOMA-IR was inversely associated with stability-related circadian-rhythm parameters (r = −0.21; p < 0.05).ConclusionsCircadian rhythm was highly reproducible over time in the free-living environments, yet different under different conditions, being more stable in the controlled condition. BMI may play a significant role in circadian alignment and vice versa in the free-living environment.
Circadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily variation. We compared reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time and under free-living vs. controlled conditions in participants with obesity and pre-diabetes after 2- and 3-year weight-loss maintenance during the 3-year PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies In Europe and around the World) study. Associations of obesity and insulin resistance with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed. Circadian-rhythm parameters were determined using continuous wrist-temperature measurements in free-living environments at year 2 (n = 24; age 56.8 [plus or minus] 10.3 y; body mass index (BMI) = 30 [plus or minus] 3.9 kg/m.sup.2; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) 2.4 [plus or minus] 1.1), at year 3 (n = 97; age 61.7 [plus or minus] 7.8; BMI = 29.7 [plus or minus] 3.9; HOMA-IR 2.9 [plus or minus] 2.1), and at year 3 in a controlled condition (n = 38; age 63.4 [plus or minus] 6.7; BMI = 28.7 [plus or minus] 3.9; HOMA-IR 3.8 [plus or minus] 1.4). Reproducibility was assessed by analyzing repeatability coefficients (CR), differences, and associations, over time as well as between conditions. Associations of BMI and HOMA-IR with circadian-rhythm parameters were assessed at y-3 in both conditions using factor analysis, followed by Pearson's correlations. Reproducibility of circadian-rhythm parameters over time in the free-living environments was high (CR 0.002-5.26; no significant differences; associated amplitudes r = 0.57; p < 0.01). In contrast, reproducibility between different conditions was low (CR 0.02-11.36; significant differences between most parameters (p < 0.05); yet associated amplitudes r = 0.59; p < 0.01). In the controlled vs. free-living condition circadian-rhythm was more stable; BMI and HOMA-IR were associated with the physiological amplitude-related parameters (r = -0.45; p < 0.01; r = -0.33; p < 0.05). In the free-living environment, BMI and behavioral circadian-rhythm parameters indicating circadian alignment, contributed most to the explained variation (47.1%), and were inversely associated (r = -0.22; p < 0.05), while HOMA-IR was inversely associated with stability-related circadian-rhythm parameters (r = -0.21; p < 0.05). Circadian rhythm was highly reproducible over time in the free-living environments, yet different under different conditions, being more stable in the controlled condition. BMI may play a significant role in circadian alignment and vice versa in the free-living environment.
Audience Academic
Author Gatta-Cherifi, Blandine
Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S.
Tischmann, Lea
Raben, Anne
Drummen, Mathijs
Adam, Tanja
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  givenname: Lea
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0178-0670
  surname: Tischmann
  fullname: Tischmann, Lea
  organization: Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University
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  givenname: Blandine
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7399-1330
  surname: Gatta-Cherifi
  fullname: Gatta-Cherifi, Blandine
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  givenname: Anne
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5229-4491
  surname: Raben
  fullname: Raben, Anne
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  surname: Adam
  fullname: Adam, Tanja
  organization: Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University
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  givenname: Margriet S.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6326-3102
  surname: Westerterp-Plantenga
  fullname: Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S.
  email: m.westerterp@maastrichtuniversity.nl
  organization: Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34099842$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15092101
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00394_024_03372_4
crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_23670
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejphar_2025_177290
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2021
2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
COPYRIGHT 2021 Nature Publishing Group
The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2021.
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– notice: 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
– notice: COPYRIGHT 2021 Nature Publishing Group
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Snippet Background Circadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased...
Circadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily...
Background Circadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased...
BackgroundCircadian rhythm is altered in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance, showing a smaller amplitude, less stability, and increased intradaily...
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SubjectTerms 692/163/2743/393
692/700/2817
Age
Aged
Alignment
Amplitudes
Body Mass Index
Body size
Body weight loss
Care and treatment
Circadian rhythm
Circadian Rhythm - physiology
Circadian rhythms
Controlled conditions
Development and progression
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Epidemiology
Factor analysis
Female
Health aspects
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Humans
Insulin
Insulin resistance
Insulin Resistance - physiology
Internal Medicine
Life Style
Living conditions
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Middle Aged
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Obesity - physiopathology
Parameters
Patient outcomes
Physiological aspects
Population studies
Prediabetic state
Public Health
Reproducibility
Reproducibility of Results
Stability
Temperature measurement
Wrist
Title Reproducibility and associations with obesity and insulin resistance of circadian-rhythm parameters in free-living vs. controlled conditions during the PREVIEW lifestyle study
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41366-021-00873-8
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34099842
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/2539212183
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