Normalized activation in the somatosensory cortex 30 years following nerve repair in children: an fMRI study

The clinical outcome following a peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity is generally better in young children than in teenagers and in adults, but the mechanism behind this difference is unknown. In 28 patients with a complete median nerve injury sustained at the ages of 1–13 years (n = 13)...

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Published inThe European journal of neuroscience Vol. 42; no. 4; pp. 2022 - 2027
Main Authors Chemnitz, Anette, Weibull, Andreas, Rosén, Birgitta, Andersson, Gert, Dahlin, Lars B., Björkman, Anders
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published France Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.08.2015
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0953-816X
1460-9568
1460-9568
DOI10.1111/ejn.12917

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Abstract The clinical outcome following a peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity is generally better in young children than in teenagers and in adults, but the mechanism behind this difference is unknown. In 28 patients with a complete median nerve injury sustained at the ages of 1–13 years (n = 13) and 14–20 years (n = 15), the cortical activation during tactile finger stimulation of the injured and healthy hands was monitored at a median time since injury of 28 years using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla. The results from the fMRI were compared with the clinical outcome and electroneurography. The cortical activation pattern following sensory stimulation of the median nerve‐innervated fingers was dependent on the patient's age at injury. Those injured at a young age (1–13 years) had an activation pattern similar to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, they showed a clinical outcome significantly superior (P = 0.001) to the outcome in subjects injured at a later age; however, electroneurographical parameters did not differ between the groups. In subjects injured at age 14–20 years, a more extended activation of the contralateral hemisphere was seen in general. Interestingly, these patients also displayed changes in the ipsilateral hemisphere where a reduced inhibition of somatosensory areas was seen. This loss of ipsilateral inhibition correlated to increasing age at injury as well as to poor recovery of sensory functions in the hand. In conclusion, cerebral changes in both brain hemispheres may explain differences in clinical outcome following a median nerve injury in childhood or adolescence. Cortical activation was assessed, using fMRI at 3T, 28 years after a median nerve injury. The cortical activation pattern was compared with clinical outcome and electroneurography. Patients injured before the age of 14 years had an activation pattern similar to healthy controls and an excellent clinical outcome. Those injured at age 14–20 years showed more extended activation of contralateral somatosensory areas, as well as loss of ipsilateral inhibition and poor clinical outcome. Electroneurographical parameters did not differ between the two age groups. Cerebral changes in both hemispheres may explain the superior clinical outcome following a median nerve injury in childhood.
AbstractList The clinical outcome following a peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity is generally better in young children than in teenagers and in adults, but the mechanism behind this difference is unknown. In 28 patients with a complete median nerve injury sustained at the ages of 1-13 years (n = 13) and 14-20 years (n = 15), the cortical activation during tactile finger stimulation of the injured and healthy hands was monitored at a median time since injury of 28 years using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla. The results from the fMRI were compared with the clinical outcome and electroneurography. The cortical activation pattern following sensory stimulation of the median nerve-innervated fingers was dependent on the patient's age at injury. Those injured at a young age (1-13 years) had an activation pattern similar to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, they showed a clinical outcome significantly superior (P = 0.001) to the outcome in subjects injured at a later age; however, electroneurographical parameters did not differ between the groups. In subjects injured at age 14-20 years, a more extended activation of the contralateral hemisphere was seen in general. Interestingly, these patients also displayed changes in the ipsilateral hemisphere where a reduced inhibition of somatosensory areas was seen. This loss of ipsilateral inhibition correlated to increasing age at injury as well as to poor recovery of sensory functions in the hand. In conclusion, cerebral changes in both brain hemispheres may explain differences in clinical outcome following a median nerve injury in childhood or adolescence.
The clinical outcome following a peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity is generally better in young children than in teenagers and in adults, but the mechanism behind this difference is unknown. In 28 patients with a complete median nerve injury sustained at the ages of 1-13 years (n = 13) and 14-20 years (n = 15), the cortical activation during tactile finger stimulation of the injured and healthy hands was monitored at a median time since injury of 28 years using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla. The results from the fMRI were compared with the clinical outcome and electroneurography. The cortical activation pattern following sensory stimulation of the median nerve-innervated fingers was dependent on the patient's age at injury. Those injured at a young age (1-13 years) had an activation pattern similar to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, they showed a clinical outcome significantly superior (P = 0.001) to the outcome in subjects injured at a later age; however, electroneurographical parameters did not differ between the groups. In subjects injured at age 14-20 years, a more extended activation of the contralateral hemisphere was seen in general. Interestingly, these patients also displayed changes in the ipsilateral hemisphere where a reduced inhibition of somatosensory areas was seen. This loss of ipsilateral inhibition correlated to increasing age at injury as well as to poor recovery of sensory functions in the hand. In conclusion, cerebral changes in both brain hemispheres may explain differences in clinical outcome following a median nerve injury in childhood or adolescence.The clinical outcome following a peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity is generally better in young children than in teenagers and in adults, but the mechanism behind this difference is unknown. In 28 patients with a complete median nerve injury sustained at the ages of 1-13 years (n = 13) and 14-20 years (n = 15), the cortical activation during tactile finger stimulation of the injured and healthy hands was monitored at a median time since injury of 28 years using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla. The results from the fMRI were compared with the clinical outcome and electroneurography. The cortical activation pattern following sensory stimulation of the median nerve-innervated fingers was dependent on the patient's age at injury. Those injured at a young age (1-13 years) had an activation pattern similar to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, they showed a clinical outcome significantly superior (P = 0.001) to the outcome in subjects injured at a later age; however, electroneurographical parameters did not differ between the groups. In subjects injured at age 14-20 years, a more extended activation of the contralateral hemisphere was seen in general. Interestingly, these patients also displayed changes in the ipsilateral hemisphere where a reduced inhibition of somatosensory areas was seen. This loss of ipsilateral inhibition correlated to increasing age at injury as well as to poor recovery of sensory functions in the hand. In conclusion, cerebral changes in both brain hemispheres may explain differences in clinical outcome following a median nerve injury in childhood or adolescence.
The clinical outcome following a peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity is generally better in young children than in teenagers and in adults, but the mechanism behind this difference is unknown. In twenty-eight patients with a complete median nerve injury sustained at the ages of 1-13 years (n=13) and 14-20 years (n=15), the cortical activation during tactile finger stimulation of the injured and healthy hands was monitored at a median time since injury of 28 years using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla. The results from the fMRI were compared with the clinical outcome and electroneurography. The cortical activation pattern following sensory stimulation of the median nerve innervated fingers was dependent on the patient's age at injury. Those injured at a young age (1-13 years) had an activation pattern similar to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, they showed a clinical outcome significantly superior (p=0.001) to the outcome in subjects injured at a later age, however, electroneurographical parameters did not differ between the groups. In subjects injured at age 14-20 years, a more extended activation of the contralateral hemisphere was seen in general. Interestingly, these patients also displayed changes in the ipsilateral hemisphere where a reduced inhibition of somatosensory areas was seen. This loss of ipsilateral inhibition correlated to increasing age at injury as well as to poor recovery of sensory functions in the hand. In conclusion, cerebral changes in both brain hemispheres may explain differences in clinical outcome following a median nerve injury in childhood or adolescence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The clinical outcome following a peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity is generally better in young children than in teenagers and in adults, but the mechanism behind this difference is unknown. In 28 patients with a complete median nerve injury sustained at the ages of 1–13 years (n = 13) and 14–20 years (n = 15), the cortical activation during tactile finger stimulation of the injured and healthy hands was monitored at a median time since injury of 28 years using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla. The results from the fMRI were compared with the clinical outcome and electroneurography. The cortical activation pattern following sensory stimulation of the median nerve‐innervated fingers was dependent on the patient's age at injury. Those injured at a young age (1–13 years) had an activation pattern similar to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, they showed a clinical outcome significantly superior (P = 0.001) to the outcome in subjects injured at a later age; however, electroneurographical parameters did not differ between the groups. In subjects injured at age 14–20 years, a more extended activation of the contralateral hemisphere was seen in general. Interestingly, these patients also displayed changes in the ipsilateral hemisphere where a reduced inhibition of somatosensory areas was seen. This loss of ipsilateral inhibition correlated to increasing age at injury as well as to poor recovery of sensory functions in the hand. In conclusion, cerebral changes in both brain hemispheres may explain differences in clinical outcome following a median nerve injury in childhood or adolescence. Cortical activation was assessed, using fMRI at 3T, 28 years after a median nerve injury. The cortical activation pattern was compared with clinical outcome and electroneurography. Patients injured before the age of 14 years had an activation pattern similar to healthy controls and an excellent clinical outcome. Those injured at age 14–20 years showed more extended activation of contralateral somatosensory areas, as well as loss of ipsilateral inhibition and poor clinical outcome. Electroneurographical parameters did not differ between the two age groups. Cerebral changes in both hemispheres may explain the superior clinical outcome following a median nerve injury in childhood.
The clinical outcome following a peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity is generally better in young children than in teenagers and in adults, but the mechanism behind this difference is unknown. In 28 patients with a complete median nerve injury sustained at the ages of 1–13 years ( n  = 13) and 14–20 years ( n  = 15), the cortical activation during tactile finger stimulation of the injured and healthy hands was monitored at a median time since injury of 28 years using functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) at 3 Tesla. The results from the fMRI were compared with the clinical outcome and electroneurography. The cortical activation pattern following sensory stimulation of the median nerve‐innervated fingers was dependent on the patient's age at injury. Those injured at a young age (1–13 years) had an activation pattern similar to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, they showed a clinical outcome significantly superior ( P  = 0.001) to the outcome in subjects injured at a later age; however, electroneurographical parameters did not differ between the groups. In subjects injured at age 14–20 years, a more extended activation of the contralateral hemisphere was seen in general. Interestingly, these patients also displayed changes in the ipsilateral hemisphere where a reduced inhibition of somatosensory areas was seen. This loss of ipsilateral inhibition correlated to increasing age at injury as well as to poor recovery of sensory functions in the hand. In conclusion, cerebral changes in both brain hemispheres may explain differences in clinical outcome following a median nerve injury in childhood or adolescence.
Author Dahlin, Lars B.
Rosén, Birgitta
Björkman, Anders
Andersson, Gert
Chemnitz, Anette
Weibull, Andreas
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Snippet The clinical outcome following a peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity is generally better in young children than in teenagers and in adults, but the...
SourceID swepub
proquest
pubmed
crossref
wiley
istex
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 2022
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Age Factors
Basic Medicine
Child
Child, Preschool
cortical plasticity
Electric Stimulation
Female
Functional Laterality - physiology
functional recovery
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Infant
Longitudinal Studies
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Medical and Health Sciences
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper
MRI
Neural Conduction - physiology
Neurosciences
Neurovetenskaper
Oxygen - blood
Peripheral Nerve Injuries - pathology
Peripheral Nerve Injuries - physiopathology
Peripheral Nerve Injuries - surgery
peripheral nerve injury
Recovery of Function - physiology
Retrospective Studies
Severity of Illness Index
Somatosensory Cortex - blood supply
Somatosensory Cortex - physiopathology
Young Adult
Title Normalized activation in the somatosensory cortex 30 years following nerve repair in children: an fMRI study
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-8SXNF64R-W/fulltext.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fejn.12917
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25865600
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1705009910
Volume 42
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