Apoptosis in the chicken bursa of fabricius induced by X-irradiation
Immature B lymphocytes in the chicken bursa of Fabricius have previously been reported to undergo apoptosis by low doses of ionizing radiation. In the present study, newly hatched chickens were subjected to whole-body X-irradiation, and the bursa of Fabricius was examined at various postirradiation...
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| Published in | Journal of Veterinary Medical Science Vol. 58; no. 10; pp. 1001 - 1006 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
01.10.1996
Japan Science and Technology Agency |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0916-7250 1347-7439 1347-7439 |
| DOI | 10.1292/jvms.58.10_1001 |
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| Abstract | Immature B lymphocytes in the chicken bursa of Fabricius have previously been reported to undergo apoptosis by low doses of ionizing radiation. In the present study, newly hatched chickens were subjected to whole-body X-irradiation, and the bursa of Fabricius was examined at various postirradiation times by light and electron microscopy to obtain information on the change of ultrastructure of irradiated bursal cells as well as on the time course and dose-response for the induction of apoptosis. Histological examination by light microscopy showed that pyknotic cells started to increase in the bursa within a few hours after irradiation and the frequency of occurrence reached a maximum at 6 hr. An evident increase of the pyknotic cells in number was observed at a dose of as little as 1 Gy, and the frequency increased with increases in the dose, reaching over 90% Gy. Electron microscopy of the irradiated bursa revealed typical apoptotic morphology such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, formation of apoptotic bodies and phagocytosis of pyknotic cells. Induction of apoptosis was also confirmed by the appearance of a typical DNA ladder pattern on agarose gel. Thus, the present results demonstrate that the chicken bursal cells are hypersensitive to X-irradiation with regard to induction of apoptosis, and that the apoptotic bursal cells exhibit most of the ultrastructural features known to be typical of apoptosis |
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| AbstractList | Immature B lymphocytes in the chicken bursa of Fabricius have previously been reported to undergo apoptosis by low doses of ionizing radiation. In the present study, newly hatched chickens were subjected to whole-body X-irradiation, and the bursa of Fabricius was examined at various postirradiation times by light and electron microscopy to obtain information on the change of ultrastructure of irradiated bursal cells as well as on the time course and dose-response for the induction of apoptosis. Histological examination by light microscopy showed that pyknotic cells started to increase in the bursa within a few hours after irradiation and the frequency of occurrence reached a maximum at 6 hr. An evident increase of the pyknotic cells in number was observed at a dose of as little as 1 Gy, and the frequency increased with increases in the dose, reaching over 90% at 15 Gy. Electron microscopy of the irradiated bursa revealed typical apoptotic morphology such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, formation of apoptotic bodies and phagocytosis of pyknotic cells. Induction of apoptosis was also confirmed by the appearance of a typical DNA ladder pattern on agarose gel. Thus, the present results demonstrate that the chicken bursal cells are hypersensitive to X-irradiation with regard to induction of apoptosis, and that the apoptotic bursal cells exhibit most of the ultrastructural features known to be typical of apoptosis. Immature B lymphocytes in the chicken bursa of Fabricius have previously been reported to undergo apoptosis by low doses of ionizing radiation. In the present study, newly hatched chickens were subjected to whole-body X-irradiation, and the bursa of Fabricius was examined at various postirradiation times by light and electron microscopy to obtain information on the change of ultrastructure of irradiated bursal cells as well as on the time course and dose-response for the induction of apoptosis. Histological examination by light microscopy showed that pyknotic cells started to increase in the bursa within a few hours after irradiation and the frequency of occurrence reached a maximum at 6 hr. An evident increase of the pyknotic cells in number was observed at a dose of as little as 1 Gy, and the frequency increased with increases in the dose, rcaching over 90% at 15 Gy. Electron microscopy of the irradiated bursa revealed typical apoptotic morphology such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, formation of apoptotic bodies and phagocytosis of pyknotic cells. Induction of apoptosis was also confirmed by the appearance of a typical DNA ladder pattern on agarose gel. Thus, the present results demonstrate that the chicken bursal cells are hypersensitive to X-irradiation with regard to induction of apoptosis, and that the apoptotic bursal cells exhibit most of the ultrastructural features known to be typical of apoptosis. Immature B lymphocytes in the chicken bursa of Fabricius have previously been reported to undergo apoptosis by low doses of ionizing radiation. In the present study, newly hatched chickens were subjected to whole-body X-irradiation, and the bursa of Fabricius was examined at various postirradiation times by light and electron microscopy to obtain information on the change of ultrastructure of irradiated bursal cells as well as on the time course and dose-response for the induction of apoptosis. Histological examination by light microscopy showed that pyknotic cells started to increase in the bursa within a few hours after irradiation and the frequency of occurrence reached a maximum at 6 hr. An evident increase of the pyknotic cells in number was observed at a dose of as little as 1 Gy, and the frequency increased with increases in the dose, reaching over 90% Gy. Electron microscopy of the irradiated bursa revealed typical apoptotic morphology such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, formation of apoptotic bodies and phagocytosis of pyknotic cells. Induction of apoptosis was also confirmed by the appearance of a typical DNA ladder pattern on agarose gel. Thus, the present results demonstrate that the chicken bursal cells are hypersensitive to X-irradiation with regard to induction of apoptosis, and that the apoptotic bursal cells exhibit most of the ultrastructural features known to be typical of apoptosis Immature B lymphocytes in the chicken bursa of Fabricius have previously been reported to undergo apoptosis by low doses of ionizing radiation. In the present study, newly hatched chickens were subjected to whole-body X-irradiation, and the bursa of Fabricius was examined at various postirradiation times by light and electron microscopy to obtain information on the change of ultrastructure of irradiated bursal cells as well as on the time course and dose-response for the induction of apoptosis. Histological examination by light microscopy showed that pyknotic cells started to increase in the bursa within a few hours after irradiation and the frequency of occurrence reached a maximum at 6 hr. An evident increase of the pyknotic cells in number was observed at a dose of as little as 1 Gy, and the frequency increased with increases in the dose, reaching over 90% at 15 Gy. Electron microscopy of the irradiated bursa revealed typical apoptotic morphology such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, formation of apoptotic bodies and phagocytosis of pyknotic cells. Induction of apoptosis was also confirmed by the appearance of a typical DNA ladder pattern on agarose gel. Thus, the present results demonstrate that the chicken bursal cells are hypersensitive to X-irradiation with regard to induction of apoptosis, and that the apoptotic bursal cells exhibit most of the ultrastructural features known to be typical of apoptosis.Immature B lymphocytes in the chicken bursa of Fabricius have previously been reported to undergo apoptosis by low doses of ionizing radiation. In the present study, newly hatched chickens were subjected to whole-body X-irradiation, and the bursa of Fabricius was examined at various postirradiation times by light and electron microscopy to obtain information on the change of ultrastructure of irradiated bursal cells as well as on the time course and dose-response for the induction of apoptosis. Histological examination by light microscopy showed that pyknotic cells started to increase in the bursa within a few hours after irradiation and the frequency of occurrence reached a maximum at 6 hr. An evident increase of the pyknotic cells in number was observed at a dose of as little as 1 Gy, and the frequency increased with increases in the dose, reaching over 90% at 15 Gy. Electron microscopy of the irradiated bursa revealed typical apoptotic morphology such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, formation of apoptotic bodies and phagocytosis of pyknotic cells. Induction of apoptosis was also confirmed by the appearance of a typical DNA ladder pattern on agarose gel. Thus, the present results demonstrate that the chicken bursal cells are hypersensitive to X-irradiation with regard to induction of apoptosis, and that the apoptotic bursal cells exhibit most of the ultrastructural features known to be typical of apoptosis. |
| Author | Hayashi, M Miyoshi, K Takehana, K Arai, S. (College of Dairying, Ebetsu, Hokkaido (Japan)) Kowada, T Nakanishi, Y.H |
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| References | 1. Betti, F. and Marcal, R. 1988. Monocyte-macrophages in-crease in the bursal follicular medulla following bacterial intracloacal inoculation of Bordetella pertussis in chicks. J. Vet. Med. B 35: 704-708. 8. Kerr, J. F. R., Wyllie, A. H., and Currie, A. R. 1972.Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-rangingimplications in tissue kinetics. Br. J. Cancer 26: 239-257. 13. Sellins, K. S. and Cohen, J. J. 1987. Gene induction by gammairradiation leads to DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes. J.Immunol. 139: 3199-3206. 3. Garvy, B. A., Telford, W. G., King, L. E., and Fraker, P. J. 1993. Glucocorticoids and irradiation-induced apoptosis in normal murine bone marrow B-lineage lymphocytes as deter-mined by flow cytometry. Immunology 79: 270-277. 4. Gilka, F. and Spencer, J. L. 1987. Importance of the medullary macrophage in the replication of lymphoid leukosis virusin the bursa of Fabricius of chickens. Am. J. Vet. Res. 48: 613-620. 16. Vasconcelos, A. C. and Lam, K. M. 1995. Apoptosis inchicken embryos induced by the infectious bursal diseasevirus. J. Comp. Pathol. 112: 327-338. 20. Yamada, T. and Ohyama, H. 1988. Radiation-induced interphase death of rat thymocytes is internally programmed(apoptosis). Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 53: 65-75. 19. Wyllie, A. H., Kerr, J. F. R., and Currie, A. R. 1980. Celldeath: the significance of apoptosis. Int. Rev. Cytol. 68: 251-306. 5. Herrmann, M., Lorenz, H. -M., Voll, R., Woith, W., andKalden, J. R. 1994. A rapid and simple method for the isolation of apoptotic DNA fragments. Nucleic Acids Res. 22: 5506-5507. 6. Jacquez, J. A. and Karnofsky, D. A. 1950. The toxicity andpathological effects of roentgen rays in the chicken. Am. J.Roentgenol. 64: 289-297. 7. Jeurissen, S. H. M., Eagenaar, F., Pol, J. M. A., Van Der Elb,A. J., and Noteborn, M. H. M. 1992. Chicken anemia viruscauses apoptosis of thymocytes after in vivo infection and ofcell lines after in vitro infection. J. Virol. 66: 7383-7388. 9. Lupetti, M., Dolfi, A., Giannessi, F., Bianchi, F., andMichelucci, S. 1990. Reappraisal of histogenesis in the bursallymphoid follicle of the chicken. Am. J. Anat. 187: 287-302. 10. Malhotra, N., Rana, K., and Malhotra, R. K. 1993. Vitamin Eas a radioprotector of bursa of Fabricius in chicks. Indian J.Exp. Biol. 31: 490-492. 14. Shiojiri, N. and Takahashi, M. 1991. Lymphoid follicle formation in the bursa of Fabricius of the chick embryo. J. Anat.175: 237-249. 15. Vasconcelos, A. C. and Lam, K. M. 1994. Apoptosis inducedby the infectious bursal disease virus. J. Gen. Virol. 75: 1803-1806. 2. Cohen, J. J. and Duke, R. C. 1992. Apoptosis and programmed cell death in immunity. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 10: 267-293. 12. Neiman, P. E., Thomas, S. J., and Loring, G. 1991. Inductionof apoptosis during normal and neoplastic B-cell development in the bursa of Fabricius. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.88: 5857-5861. 11. Maruyama, Y. and Feola, J. M. 1987. Relative radiosensitivities of the thymus, spleen, and lymphohemopoietic systems.Adv. Radiat. Biol. 12: 1-82. 17. Weber, W. T. and Weidanz, W. P. 1969. Prolonged bursallymphocyte depletion and suppression of antibody formationfollowing irradiation of the bursa of Fabricius. J. Immunol.103: 537-543. 18. Wyllie, A. H. 1980. Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyteapoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation. Nature (Lond.) 284: 555-556. |
| References_xml | – reference: 11. Maruyama, Y. and Feola, J. M. 1987. Relative radiosensitivities of the thymus, spleen, and lymphohemopoietic systems.Adv. Radiat. Biol. 12: 1-82. – reference: 5. Herrmann, M., Lorenz, H. -M., Voll, R., Woith, W., andKalden, J. R. 1994. A rapid and simple method for the isolation of apoptotic DNA fragments. Nucleic Acids Res. 22: 5506-5507. – reference: 6. Jacquez, J. A. and Karnofsky, D. A. 1950. The toxicity andpathological effects of roentgen rays in the chicken. Am. J.Roentgenol. 64: 289-297. – reference: 19. Wyllie, A. H., Kerr, J. F. R., and Currie, A. R. 1980. Celldeath: the significance of apoptosis. Int. Rev. Cytol. 68: 251-306. – reference: 18. Wyllie, A. H. 1980. Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyteapoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation. Nature (Lond.) 284: 555-556. – reference: 2. Cohen, J. J. and Duke, R. C. 1992. Apoptosis and programmed cell death in immunity. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 10: 267-293. – reference: 1. Betti, F. and Marcal, R. 1988. Monocyte-macrophages in-crease in the bursal follicular medulla following bacterial intracloacal inoculation of Bordetella pertussis in chicks. J. Vet. Med. B 35: 704-708. – reference: 17. Weber, W. T. and Weidanz, W. P. 1969. Prolonged bursallymphocyte depletion and suppression of antibody formationfollowing irradiation of the bursa of Fabricius. J. Immunol.103: 537-543. – reference: 12. Neiman, P. E., Thomas, S. J., and Loring, G. 1991. Inductionof apoptosis during normal and neoplastic B-cell development in the bursa of Fabricius. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.88: 5857-5861. – reference: 10. Malhotra, N., Rana, K., and Malhotra, R. K. 1993. Vitamin Eas a radioprotector of bursa of Fabricius in chicks. Indian J.Exp. Biol. 31: 490-492. – reference: 7. Jeurissen, S. H. M., Eagenaar, F., Pol, J. M. A., Van Der Elb,A. J., and Noteborn, M. H. M. 1992. Chicken anemia viruscauses apoptosis of thymocytes after in vivo infection and ofcell lines after in vitro infection. J. Virol. 66: 7383-7388. – reference: 9. Lupetti, M., Dolfi, A., Giannessi, F., Bianchi, F., andMichelucci, S. 1990. Reappraisal of histogenesis in the bursallymphoid follicle of the chicken. Am. J. Anat. 187: 287-302. – reference: 4. Gilka, F. and Spencer, J. L. 1987. Importance of the medullary macrophage in the replication of lymphoid leukosis virusin the bursa of Fabricius of chickens. Am. J. Vet. Res. 48: 613-620. – reference: 3. Garvy, B. A., Telford, W. G., King, L. E., and Fraker, P. J. 1993. Glucocorticoids and irradiation-induced apoptosis in normal murine bone marrow B-lineage lymphocytes as deter-mined by flow cytometry. Immunology 79: 270-277. – reference: 16. Vasconcelos, A. C. and Lam, K. M. 1995. Apoptosis inchicken embryos induced by the infectious bursal diseasevirus. J. Comp. Pathol. 112: 327-338. – reference: 20. Yamada, T. and Ohyama, H. 1988. Radiation-induced interphase death of rat thymocytes is internally programmed(apoptosis). Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 53: 65-75. – reference: 8. Kerr, J. F. R., Wyllie, A. H., and Currie, A. R. 1972.Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-rangingimplications in tissue kinetics. Br. J. Cancer 26: 239-257. – reference: 13. Sellins, K. S. and Cohen, J. J. 1987. Gene induction by gammairradiation leads to DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes. J.Immunol. 139: 3199-3206. – reference: 14. Shiojiri, N. and Takahashi, M. 1991. Lymphoid follicle formation in the bursa of Fabricius of the chick embryo. J. Anat.175: 237-249. – reference: 15. Vasconcelos, A. C. and Lam, K. M. 1994. Apoptosis inducedby the infectious bursal disease virus. J. Gen. Virol. 75: 1803-1806. |
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| SubjectTerms | ADN Animals apoptosis Apoptosis - radiation effects BOLSA DE FABRICIO BOURSE DE FABRICIUS BURSA FABRICII bursa of Fabricius Bursa of Fabricius - radiation effects Bursa of Fabricius - ultrastructure CELLS CELLULE CELULAS chicken Chickens CHICKS CHROMATOGRAPHIE SUR GEL CROMATOGRAFIA SOBRE GEL DEATH DNA electron microscopy GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY IRRADIACION POR RAYOS X IRRADIATION AUX RAYONS X Male MICROSCOPIA MICROSCOPIE MICROSCOPY Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MORT MUERTE POLLITO POUSSIN Whole-Body Irradiation X RAY IRRADIATION |
| Title | Apoptosis in the chicken bursa of fabricius induced by X-irradiation |
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