Mental health status of Italian elderly subjects during and after quarantine for the COVID‐19 pandemic: a cross‐sectional and longitudinal study
Background The elderly are more vulnerable to COVID‐19 and therefore need to adopt long‐term social distancing measures. The duration of quarantine impacts the psychological status of the general population. However, until now no study has explored the psychological impact of the pandemic and quaran...
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| Published in | Psychogeriatrics Vol. 21; no. 4; pp. 540 - 551 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Melbourne
John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
01.07.2021
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1346-3500 1479-8301 1479-8301 |
| DOI | 10.1111/psyg.12703 |
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| Abstract | Background
The elderly are more vulnerable to COVID‐19 and therefore need to adopt long‐term social distancing measures. The duration of quarantine impacts the psychological status of the general population. However, until now no study has explored the psychological impact of the pandemic and quarantine together with longitudinal changes in the mental health status of Italian elderly.
Methods
An online questionnaire including an assessment of depression, anxiety, anger, post‐traumatic stress, subjective cognitive failures, resilience, coping style, and other dimensions related to the pandemic was completed by participants during (T0) and two months after the end (T1) of the quarantine.
Results
The sample recruited at T0 included 334 elderly participants. About 45% of the participants experienced depression, anxiety, or anger. Moreover, more fear of getting infected was related to more severe depression, anxiety, and anger, but resilience was found to mediate these relationships. More severe depressive and anger symptoms were related to more severe cognitive failures. No significant difference was observed in mental health scores between T0 and T1.
Finally, more severe depression at T0 was associated with the development of post‐traumatic stress symptoms at T1.
Conclusions
The fear of getting infected, probably due to perceived vulnerability to disease, seems to play a crucial role in the development of psychological symptoms in the elderly, but resilience seems to mediate the impact of fear. The presence of long‐term psychological consequences and the possible risk of developing PTS symptoms in the elderly suggest the need for targeted interventions to reduce possible long‐term psychological and cognitive consequences. |
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| AbstractList | The elderly are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and therefore need to adopt long-term social distancing measures. The duration of quarantine impacts the psychological status of the general population. However, until now no study has explored the psychological impact of the pandemic and quarantine together with longitudinal changes in the mental health status of Italian elderly.
An online questionnaire including an assessment of depression, anxiety, anger, post-traumatic stress, subjective cognitive failures, resilience, coping style, and other dimensions related to the pandemic was completed by participants during (T0) and two months after the end (T1) of the quarantine.
The sample recruited at T0 included 334 elderly participants. About 45% of the participants experienced depression, anxiety, or anger. Moreover, more fear of getting infected was related to more severe depression, anxiety, and anger, but resilience was found to mediate these relationships. More severe depressive and anger symptoms were related to more severe cognitive failures. No significant difference was observed in mental health scores between T0 and T1. Finally, more severe depression at T0 was associated with the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms at T1.
The fear of getting infected, probably due to perceived vulnerability to disease, seems to play a crucial role in the development of psychological symptoms in the elderly, but resilience seems to mediate the impact of fear. The presence of long-term psychological consequences and the possible risk of developing PTS symptoms in the elderly suggest the need for targeted interventions to reduce possible long-term psychological and cognitive consequences. The elderly are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and therefore need to adopt long-term social distancing measures. The duration of quarantine impacts the psychological status of the general population. However, until now no study has explored the psychological impact of the pandemic and quarantine together with longitudinal changes in the mental health status of Italian elderly.BACKGROUNDThe elderly are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and therefore need to adopt long-term social distancing measures. The duration of quarantine impacts the psychological status of the general population. However, until now no study has explored the psychological impact of the pandemic and quarantine together with longitudinal changes in the mental health status of Italian elderly.An online questionnaire including an assessment of depression, anxiety, anger, post-traumatic stress, subjective cognitive failures, resilience, coping style, and other dimensions related to the pandemic was completed by participants during (T0) and two months after the end (T1) of the quarantine.METHODSAn online questionnaire including an assessment of depression, anxiety, anger, post-traumatic stress, subjective cognitive failures, resilience, coping style, and other dimensions related to the pandemic was completed by participants during (T0) and two months after the end (T1) of the quarantine.The sample recruited at T0 included 334 elderly participants. About 45% of the participants experienced depression, anxiety, or anger. Moreover, more fear of getting infected was related to more severe depression, anxiety, and anger, but resilience was found to mediate these relationships. More severe depressive and anger symptoms were related to more severe cognitive failures. No significant difference was observed in mental health scores between T0 and T1. Finally, more severe depression at T0 was associated with the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms at T1.RESULTSThe sample recruited at T0 included 334 elderly participants. About 45% of the participants experienced depression, anxiety, or anger. Moreover, more fear of getting infected was related to more severe depression, anxiety, and anger, but resilience was found to mediate these relationships. More severe depressive and anger symptoms were related to more severe cognitive failures. No significant difference was observed in mental health scores between T0 and T1. Finally, more severe depression at T0 was associated with the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms at T1.The fear of getting infected, probably due to perceived vulnerability to disease, seems to play a crucial role in the development of psychological symptoms in the elderly, but resilience seems to mediate the impact of fear. The presence of long-term psychological consequences and the possible risk of developing PTS symptoms in the elderly suggest the need for targeted interventions to reduce possible long-term psychological and cognitive consequences.CONCLUSIONSThe fear of getting infected, probably due to perceived vulnerability to disease, seems to play a crucial role in the development of psychological symptoms in the elderly, but resilience seems to mediate the impact of fear. The presence of long-term psychological consequences and the possible risk of developing PTS symptoms in the elderly suggest the need for targeted interventions to reduce possible long-term psychological and cognitive consequences. Background The elderly are more vulnerable to COVID‐19 and therefore need to adopt long‐term social distancing measures. The duration of quarantine impacts the psychological status of the general population. However, until now no study has explored the psychological impact of the pandemic and quarantine together with longitudinal changes in the mental health status of Italian elderly. Methods An online questionnaire including an assessment of depression, anxiety, anger, post‐traumatic stress, subjective cognitive failures, resilience, coping style, and other dimensions related to the pandemic was completed by participants during (T0) and two months after the end (T1) of the quarantine. Results The sample recruited at T0 included 334 elderly participants. About 45% of the participants experienced depression, anxiety, or anger. Moreover, more fear of getting infected was related to more severe depression, anxiety, and anger, but resilience was found to mediate these relationships. More severe depressive and anger symptoms were related to more severe cognitive failures. No significant difference was observed in mental health scores between T0 and T1. Finally, more severe depression at T0 was associated with the development of post‐traumatic stress symptoms at T1. Conclusions The fear of getting infected, probably due to perceived vulnerability to disease, seems to play a crucial role in the development of psychological symptoms in the elderly, but resilience seems to mediate the impact of fear. The presence of long‐term psychological consequences and the possible risk of developing PTS symptoms in the elderly suggest the need for targeted interventions to reduce possible long‐term psychological and cognitive consequences. BackgroundThe elderly are more vulnerable to COVID‐19 and therefore need to adopt long‐term social distancing measures. The duration of quarantine impacts the psychological status of the general population. However, until now no study has explored the psychological impact of the pandemic and quarantine together with longitudinal changes in the mental health status of Italian elderly.MethodsAn online questionnaire including an assessment of depression, anxiety, anger, post‐traumatic stress, subjective cognitive failures, resilience, coping style, and other dimensions related to the pandemic was completed by participants during (T0) and two months after the end (T1) of the quarantine.ResultsThe sample recruited at T0 included 334 elderly participants. About 45% of the participants experienced depression, anxiety, or anger. Moreover, more fear of getting infected was related to more severe depression, anxiety, and anger, but resilience was found to mediate these relationships. More severe depressive and anger symptoms were related to more severe cognitive failures. No significant difference was observed in mental health scores between T0 and T1.Finally, more severe depression at T0 was associated with the development of post‐traumatic stress symptoms at T1.ConclusionsThe fear of getting infected, probably due to perceived vulnerability to disease, seems to play a crucial role in the development of psychological symptoms in the elderly, but resilience seems to mediate the impact of fear. The presence of long‐term psychological consequences and the possible risk of developing PTS symptoms in the elderly suggest the need for targeted interventions to reduce possible long‐term psychological and cognitive consequences. |
| Author | Santangelo, Gabriella Baldassarre, Ivana Nappo, Raffaele Maggi, Gianpaolo Cavallo, Nicola Davide Barbaro, Andrea Cropano, Maria |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Psychology University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Caserta Italy |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Psychology University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Caserta Italy |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gianpaolo surname: Maggi fullname: Maggi, Gianpaolo organization: University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” – sequence: 2 givenname: Ivana surname: Baldassarre fullname: Baldassarre, Ivana organization: University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” – sequence: 3 givenname: Andrea surname: Barbaro fullname: Barbaro, Andrea organization: University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” – sequence: 4 givenname: Nicola Davide surname: Cavallo fullname: Cavallo, Nicola Davide organization: University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” – sequence: 5 givenname: Maria surname: Cropano fullname: Cropano, Maria organization: University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” – sequence: 6 givenname: Raffaele surname: Nappo fullname: Nappo, Raffaele organization: University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” – sequence: 7 givenname: Gabriella orcidid: 0000-0002-7728-852X surname: Santangelo fullname: Santangelo, Gabriella email: gabriella.santangelo@unicampania.it organization: University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33955115$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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The elderly are more vulnerable to COVID‐19 and therefore need to adopt long‐term social distancing measures. The duration of quarantine impacts the... The elderly are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and therefore need to adopt long-term social distancing measures. The duration of quarantine impacts the... BackgroundThe elderly are more vulnerable to COVID‐19 and therefore need to adopt long‐term social distancing measures. The duration of quarantine impacts the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged Anxiety Cognitive ability cognitive failures COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Depression elderly Emotions Fear Health Status Humans Italy longitudinal changes Longitudinal Studies Mental depression Mental health Older people Original Pandemics Quarantine Resilience (Psychology) SARS-CoV-2 |
| Title | Mental health status of Italian elderly subjects during and after quarantine for the COVID‐19 pandemic: a cross‐sectional and longitudinal study |
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