Experimental validation of a multinomial processing tree model for analyzing eyewitness identification decisions

To improve police protocols for lineup procedures, it is helpful to understand the processes underlying eyewitness identification performance. The two-high threshold (2-HT) eyewitness identification model is a multinomial processing tree model that measures four latent cognitive processes on which e...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inScientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 15571 - 18
Main Authors Winter, Kristina, Menne, Nicola M., Bell, Raoul, Buchner, Axel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 16.09.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
631/477
631/477/2811
Cognitive ability
Crime
Excipients
Experiments
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Mental Recall
multidisciplinary
Police
Recognition, Psychology
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI10.1038/s41598-022-19513-w

Cover

Abstract To improve police protocols for lineup procedures, it is helpful to understand the processes underlying eyewitness identification performance. The two-high threshold (2-HT) eyewitness identification model is a multinomial processing tree model that measures four latent cognitive processes on which eyewitness identification decisions are based: two detection-based processes (the detection of culprit presence and absence) and two non-detection-based processes (biased and guessing-based selection). The model takes into account the full 2 × 3 data structure of lineup procedures, that is, suspect identifications, filler identifications and rejections in both culprit-present and culprit-absent lineups. Here the model is introduced and the results of four large validation experiments are reported, one for each of the processes specified by the model. The validation experiments served to test whether the model’s parameters sensitively reflect manipulations of the processes they were designed to measure. The results show that manipulations of exposure duration of the culprit’s face at encoding, lineup fairness, pre-lineup instructions and ease of rejection of culprit-absent lineups were sensitively reflected in the parameters representing culprit-presence detection, biased suspect selection, guessing-based selection and culprit-absence detection, respectively. The results of the experiments thus validate the interpretations of the parameters of the 2-HT eyewitness identification model.
AbstractList To improve police protocols for lineup procedures, it is helpful to understand the processes underlying eyewitness identification performance. The two-high threshold (2-HT) eyewitness identification model is a multinomial processing tree model that measures four latent cognitive processes on which eyewitness identification decisions are based: two detection-based processes (the detection of culprit presence and absence) and two non-detection-based processes (biased and guessing-based selection). The model takes into account the full 2 × 3 data structure of lineup procedures, that is, suspect identifications, filler identifications and rejections in both culprit-present and culprit-absent lineups. Here the model is introduced and the results of four large validation experiments are reported, one for each of the processes specified by the model. The validation experiments served to test whether the model’s parameters sensitively reflect manipulations of the processes they were designed to measure. The results show that manipulations of exposure duration of the culprit’s face at encoding, lineup fairness, pre-lineup instructions and ease of rejection of culprit-absent lineups were sensitively reflected in the parameters representing culprit-presence detection, biased suspect selection, guessing-based selection and culprit-absence detection, respectively. The results of the experiments thus validate the interpretations of the parameters of the 2-HT eyewitness identification model.
To improve police protocols for lineup procedures, it is helpful to understand the processes underlying eyewitness identification performance. The two-high threshold (2-HT) eyewitness identification model is a multinomial processing tree model that measures four latent cognitive processes on which eyewitness identification decisions are based: two detection-based processes (the detection of culprit presence and absence) and two non-detection-based processes (biased and guessing-based selection). The model takes into account the full 2 × 3 data structure of lineup procedures, that is, suspect identifications, filler identifications and rejections in both culprit-present and culprit-absent lineups. Here the model is introduced and the results of four large validation experiments are reported, one for each of the processes specified by the model. The validation experiments served to test whether the model’s parameters sensitively reflect manipulations of the processes they were designed to measure. The results show that manipulations of exposure duration of the culprit’s face at encoding, lineup fairness, pre-lineup instructions and ease of rejection of culprit-absent lineups were sensitively reflected in the parameters representing culprit-presence detection, biased suspect selection, guessing-based selection and culprit-absence detection, respectively. The results of the experiments thus validate the interpretations of the parameters of the 2-HT eyewitness identification model.
To improve police protocols for lineup procedures, it is helpful to understand the processes underlying eyewitness identification performance. The two-high threshold (2-HT) eyewitness identification model is a multinomial processing tree model that measures four latent cognitive processes on which eyewitness identification decisions are based: two detection-based processes (the detection of culprit presence and absence) and two non-detection-based processes (biased and guessing-based selection). The model takes into account the full 2 × 3 data structure of lineup procedures, that is, suspect identifications, filler identifications and rejections in both culprit-present and culprit-absent lineups. Here the model is introduced and the results of four large validation experiments are reported, one for each of the processes specified by the model. The validation experiments served to test whether the model's parameters sensitively reflect manipulations of the processes they were designed to measure. The results show that manipulations of exposure duration of the culprit's face at encoding, lineup fairness, pre-lineup instructions and ease of rejection of culprit-absent lineups were sensitively reflected in the parameters representing culprit-presence detection, biased suspect selection, guessing-based selection and culprit-absence detection, respectively. The results of the experiments thus validate the interpretations of the parameters of the 2-HT eyewitness identification model.To improve police protocols for lineup procedures, it is helpful to understand the processes underlying eyewitness identification performance. The two-high threshold (2-HT) eyewitness identification model is a multinomial processing tree model that measures four latent cognitive processes on which eyewitness identification decisions are based: two detection-based processes (the detection of culprit presence and absence) and two non-detection-based processes (biased and guessing-based selection). The model takes into account the full 2 × 3 data structure of lineup procedures, that is, suspect identifications, filler identifications and rejections in both culprit-present and culprit-absent lineups. Here the model is introduced and the results of four large validation experiments are reported, one for each of the processes specified by the model. The validation experiments served to test whether the model's parameters sensitively reflect manipulations of the processes they were designed to measure. The results show that manipulations of exposure duration of the culprit's face at encoding, lineup fairness, pre-lineup instructions and ease of rejection of culprit-absent lineups were sensitively reflected in the parameters representing culprit-presence detection, biased suspect selection, guessing-based selection and culprit-absence detection, respectively. The results of the experiments thus validate the interpretations of the parameters of the 2-HT eyewitness identification model.
Abstract To improve police protocols for lineup procedures, it is helpful to understand the processes underlying eyewitness identification performance. The two-high threshold (2-HT) eyewitness identification model is a multinomial processing tree model that measures four latent cognitive processes on which eyewitness identification decisions are based: two detection-based processes (the detection of culprit presence and absence) and two non-detection-based processes (biased and guessing-based selection). The model takes into account the full 2 × 3 data structure of lineup procedures, that is, suspect identifications, filler identifications and rejections in both culprit-present and culprit-absent lineups. Here the model is introduced and the results of four large validation experiments are reported, one for each of the processes specified by the model. The validation experiments served to test whether the model’s parameters sensitively reflect manipulations of the processes they were designed to measure. The results show that manipulations of exposure duration of the culprit’s face at encoding, lineup fairness, pre-lineup instructions and ease of rejection of culprit-absent lineups were sensitively reflected in the parameters representing culprit-presence detection, biased suspect selection, guessing-based selection and culprit-absence detection, respectively. The results of the experiments thus validate the interpretations of the parameters of the 2-HT eyewitness identification model.
ArticleNumber 15571
Author Bell, Raoul
Buchner, Axel
Menne, Nicola M.
Winter, Kristina
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Kristina
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2220-5889
  surname: Winter
  fullname: Winter, Kristina
  email: kristina.winter@hhu.de
  organization: Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Nicola M.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9421-8286
  surname: Menne
  fullname: Menne, Nicola M.
  organization: Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Raoul
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0592-0362
  surname: Bell
  fullname: Bell, Raoul
  organization: Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Axel
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4529-3444
  surname: Buchner
  fullname: Buchner, Axel
  organization: Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36114219$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqNUk1v1DAQjVARLaV_gAOKxIVLwF-JkwsSqlqoVIkLnK2JM1m8cuxgJ90uv77ezVLaHip8sEee955n5vl1duS8wyx7S8lHSnj9KQpaNnVBGCtoU1JebF5kJ4yIsmCcsaMH8XF2FuOapFWyRtDmVXbMK0oFo81JNl7cjhjMgG4Cm9-ANR1Mxrvc9znkw2wn4_xgUm4MXmOMxq3yKSDmg-_Q5r0POTiw2z-7BG5xYyaXYLnpkqTpjV7kOtQmpiC-yV72YCOeHc7T7OflxY_zb8X1969X51-uCy0kmQqQNeGaNG1b0l60sgSOZSMYIZyC7JBUklTAy04S2rXQp4YkJkwrEKWsKT_NrhbdzsNajalFCFvlwaj9hQ8rBWEy2qIiXFayrgBBSFFpAWk06Z00YEIoiJ0WX7RmN8J2A9beC1KidnaoxQ6V7FB7O9QmsT4vrHFuB-x0mkcA-6iUxxlnfqmVv1GNqJNYmQQ-HASC_z1jnNRgokZrwaGfo2KSlkJUku2g759A134OyZcFRUjadqh3Dyu6L-Xvd0gAtgB08DEG7P-vz_oJSZtp73rqytjnqYfBxvSOW2H4V_YzrDvtcuve
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cognition_2024_105917
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_44003_y
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_63004_z
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_78936_9
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_33101_6
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_64768_0
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_33424_4
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_17400_y
Cites_doi 10.1207/s15324834basp1101_7
10.1080/09658211.2013.767348
10.1037/a0034596
10.1007/s11292-015-9227-x
10.1348/135532509X474822
10.3758/BF03206543
10.1016/j.concog.2008.09.006
10.1037/0033-2909.100.2.139
10.1073/pnas.1103880109
10.1037/emo0000211
10.1037//0003-066x.55.6.581
10.1080/1068316x.2019.1611828
10.1007/s10979-006-9045-9
10.1080/17470210600875215
10.1037/0278-7393.28.2.380
10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.007
10.1080/09658211.2018.1464581
10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.137
10.1037/0278-7393.30.4.756
10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.796
10.1348/000712610X507902
10.1007/s10979-005-7121-1
10.1177/1745691612439584
10.1037/a0021650
10.1002/acp.939
10.3758/BF03193146
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02463.x
10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.800
10.1348/000712603767876262
10.1037/a0035940
10.1037//0278-7393.28.1.116
10.1016/j.paid.2013.12.011
10.3758/s13428-012-0259-0
10.1037/a0031602
10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.07.003
10.1007/s11292-014-9225-4
10.1037/0096-3445.127.1.83
10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.010
10.1037/0278-7393.21.2.302
10.1098/rsos.160300
10.1027/1618-3169/a000097
10.1037//0278-7393.17.5.855
10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.009
10.1080/1068316X.2015.1054383
10.1016/j.jarmac.2012.09.003
10.1521/soco.21.3.213.25340
10.1037/xap0000222
10.1027/1618-3169.54.2.99
10.1002/acp.3292
10.1037/lhb0000359
10.1080/09658211.2015.1004350
10.1177/0956797616655789
10.1037/0021-9010.66.4.482
10.1037/a0015279
10.1002/acp.1673
10.1037/a0030609
10.1111/lcrp.12166
10.1037/pag0000168
10.1080/17470218.2014.904914
10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.008
10.1037/a0014560
10.1002/acp.3627
10.1037/a0039251
10.1016/j.jecp.2007.01.007
10.1023/A:1025750605807
10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.04.007
10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.518
10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.03.004
10.1037/0278-7393.20.3.680
10.1016/j.cognition.2019.01.014
10.3758/BRM.42.1.42
10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.776
10.1007/s11292-014-9219-2
10.1038/s41598-022-17400-y
10.1007/s10979-006-9002-7
10.1037/0096-3445.117.1.34
10.1037/1076-898X.12.1.11
10.1027/0044-3409.217.3.xxx
10.1027/1618-3169/a000272
10.1037/0033-295X.114.1.152
10.1002/acp.1582
10.1037/0021-9010.70.3.556
10.3758/s13428-017-0869-7
10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.08.002
10.1177/0963721413504781
10.1111/1467-9280.00041
10.1080/1068316x.2010.508458
10.3758/PBR.17.4.465
10.1037/0278-7393.22.1.197
10.1002/acp.1670
10.1037/0278-7393.24.2.387
10.1037/xap0000337
10.3758/BF03193157
10.31234/osf.io/gh8md
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2022
2022. The Author(s).
The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2022
– notice: 2022. The Author(s).
– notice: The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7X7
7XB
88A
88E
88I
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
K9.
LK8
M0S
M1P
M2P
M7P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
5PM
ADTOC
UNPAY
DOA
DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-19513-w
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA Free Journals
CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Biology Database (Alumni Edition)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Science Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Journals
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials - QC
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Biological Sciences
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
Medical Database
Science Database (Proquest)
Biological Science Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central Basic
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content
Unpaywall
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Science Journals
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
MEDLINE
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: C6C
  name: Springer Nature OA Free Journals
  url: http://www.springeropen.com/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 3
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 5
  dbid: UNPAY
  name: Unpaywall
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Access Repository
– sequence: 6
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 2045-2322
EndPage 18
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_0376786aea4746c4a421003415001a41
10.1038/s41598-022-19513-w
PMC9481595
36114219
10_1038_s41598_022_19513_w
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  grantid: BU 945/10-1
  funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
– fundername: Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf (3102)
– fundername: ;
– fundername: ;
  grantid: BU 945/10-1
GroupedDBID 0R~
3V.
4.4
53G
5VS
7X7
88A
88E
88I
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
AAFWJ
AAJSJ
AAKDD
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACGFS
ACSMW
ACUHS
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AENEX
AEUYN
AFKRA
AJTQC
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
AZQEC
BAWUL
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C6C
CCPQU
DIK
DWQXO
EBD
EBLON
EBS
ESX
FYUFA
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
KQ8
LK8
M0L
M1P
M2P
M48
M7P
M~E
NAO
OK1
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RNT
RNTTT
RPM
SNYQT
UKHRP
AASML
AAYXX
AFPKN
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQGLB
PUEGO
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7XB
8FK
K9.
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
5PM
ADTOC
EJD
IPNFZ
RIG
UNPAY
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-a7803c09bb51f4b75a3e59420031a7de06706a35d701dbaf6117ea3eb4ee77813
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 2045-2322
IngestDate Tue Oct 14 19:05:59 EDT 2025
Sun Oct 26 03:42:03 EDT 2025
Tue Sep 30 17:19:24 EDT 2025
Thu Oct 02 09:06:57 EDT 2025
Tue Oct 07 08:05:16 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 06:00:49 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:55:09 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 01:37:39 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:36:37 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License 2022. The Author(s).
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
cc-by
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c470t-a7803c09bb51f4b75a3e59420031a7de06706a35d701dbaf6117ea3eb4ee77813
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0001-9421-8286
0000-0002-2220-5889
0000-0002-0592-0362
0000-0003-4529-3444
OpenAccessLink http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1038/s41598-022-19513-w
PMID 36114219
PQID 2715007155
PQPubID 2041939
PageCount 18
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_0376786aea4746c4a421003415001a41
unpaywall_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_19513_w
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9481595
proquest_miscellaneous_2715446725
proquest_journals_2715007155
pubmed_primary_36114219
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_19513_w
crossref_citationtrail_10_1038_s41598_022_19513_w
springer_journals_10_1038_s41598_022_19513_w
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-09-16
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-09-16
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-09-16
  day: 16
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
– name: England
PublicationTitle Scientific reports
PublicationTitleAbbrev Sci Rep
PublicationTitleAlternate Sci Rep
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
– name: Nature Publishing Group
– name: Nature Portfolio
References Tupper, Sauerland, Sauer, Hope (CR92) 2019; 25
Heck, Arnold, Arnold (CR90) 2018; 50
Steblay, Dysart, Wells (CR61) 2011; 17
Karageorge, Zajac (CR46) 2011; 102
Ratcliff, Sheu, Gronlund (CR79) 1992; 99
Bröder, Schütz (CR89) 2009; 35
Menne, Winter, Bell, Buchner (CR36) 2022; 12
Andersen, Carlson, Carlson, Gronlund (CR37) 2014; 60
Brewer, Wells (CR50) 2006; 12
Wells, Dysart, Steblay (CR6) 2015; 11
Stahl, Klauer (CR32) 2007; 39
Brewer, Keast, Sauer (CR54) 2010; 15
Sauerland, Sporer (CR58) 2009; 15
CR43
Bornstein, Deffenbacher, Penrod, McGorty (CR74) 2012; 18
Klauer, Kellen (CR94) 2010; 17
Wells (CR3) 1998; 22
Minear, Park (CR59) 2004; 36
Wells, Smalarz, Smith (CR8) 2015; 4
Wells (CR1) 2020; 44
Flowe, Smith, Karoğlu, Onwuegbusi, Rai (CR39) 2016; 24
Wells (CR7) 2000; 55
Wells, Lindsay (CR10) 1980; 88
Wixted (CR99) 2007; 114
Moshagen (CR30) 2010; 42
Clark (CR83) 2012; 7
Flowe (CR56) 2011; 25
Wells (CR5) 2014; 23
Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, Buchner (CR69) 2007; 39
Singmann, Kellen (CR31) 2013; 45
Horry, Fitzgerald, Mansour (CR62) 2021; 27
Shapiro, Penrod (CR80) 1986; 100
Seale-Carlisle, Mickes (CR87) 2016; 3
Malmberg (CR101) 2002; 28
Doob, Kirshenbaum (CR82) 1973; 1
Schaper, Mieth, Bell (CR91) 2019; 186
Sherman, Groom, Ehrenberg, Klauer (CR23) 2003; 21
Lindsay, Read, Sharma (CR51) 1998; 9
Wells, Smith, Smalarz (CR9) 2015; 4
Gronlund (CR13) 2012; 1
Colloff, Wade, Strange (CR44) 2016; 27
Saraiva (CR52) 2020; 25
CR60
Murnane, Shiffrin (CR78) 1991; 17
Keast, Brewer, Wells (CR72) 2007; 97
Amendola, Wixted (CR14) 2015; 11
Stahl, Degner (CR26) 2007; 54
Bröder, Kellen, Schütz, Rohrmeier (CR35) 2013; 21
Erdfelder (CR28) 2009; 217
Brigham (CR55) 1990; 11
Carlson, Carlson, Weatherford, Tucker, Bednarz (CR63) 2016; 30
Wixted, Mickes (CR12) 2014; 121
Macmillan, Creelman (CR19) 2005
Wilcock, Bull (CR53) 2010; 24
Wetmore (CR81) 2015; 4
Lindsay, Wells (CR4) 1985; 70
Riefer, Hu, Batchelder (CR67) 1994; 20
Gronlund, Mickes, Wixted, Clark, Brian (CR16) 2015
Mickes, Flowe, Wixted (CR11) 2012; 18
Sučić, Tokić, Ivešić (CR84) 2015; 21
Yonelinas, Parks (CR100) 2007; 133
Valentine, Pickering, Darling (CR42) 2003; 17
Clark (CR71) 2005; 29
Snodgrass, Corwin (CR34) 1988; 117
Küppers, Bayen (CR64) 2014; 67
CR2
Flowe, Humphries (CR75) 2011; 25
Unkelbach, Stahl (CR27) 2009; 18
Lindsay (CR73) 1991; 76
Province, Rouder (CR98) 2012; 109
Buchner, Erdfelder, Vaterrodt-Plünnecke (CR70) 1995; 124
Wixted, Mickes (CR17) 2015; 4
Lampinen (CR76) 2020; 34
Smith (CR48) 2020; 9
Hirshman (CR66) 1995; 21
Kellen, Klauer (CR96) 2015; 122
Carlson, Carlson (CR38) 2014; 3
Bayen, Murnane, Erdfelder (CR21) 1996; 22
Schütz, Bröder (CR95) 2011; 58
Meisters, Diedenhofen, Musch (CR47) 2018; 26
Colloff, Wade, Wixted, Maylor (CR45) 2017; 32
Erdfelder, Buchner (CR25) 1998; 24
Brewer, Caon, Todd, Weber (CR49) 2006; 30
Malpass, Devine (CR77) 1981; 66
Wixted, Mickes (CR18) 2015; 4
Amendola, Wixted (CR15) 2015; 11
Dobolyi, Dodson (CR85) 2013; 19
Bell, Mieth, Buchner (CR33) 2017; 17
Seale-Carlisle, Wetmore, Flowe, Mickes (CR88) 2019; 25
Neuschatz, Brian, Monica (CR86) 2016
Mickes, Moreland, Clark, Wixted (CR20) 2014; 3
Erdfelder, Buchner (CR93) 1998; 127
Zarkadi, Wade, Stewart (CR68) 2009; 20
CR29
Smith, Bayen (CR24) 2004; 30
Kellen, Singmann, Vogt, Klauer (CR97) 2015; 62
Flowe, Ebbesen (CR57) 2007; 31
Meiser, Bröder (CR22) 2002; 28
Meiser, Sattler, Von Hecker (CR65) 2007; 60
Memon, Hope, Bull (CR40) 2003; 94
Palmer, Brewer, Weber, Nagesh (CR41) 2013; 19
KL Amendola (19513_CR14) 2015; 11
JS Neuschatz (19513_CR86) 2016
GL Wells (19513_CR3) 1998; 22
RCL Lindsay (19513_CR4) 1985; 70
T Valentine (19513_CR42) 2003; 17
JG Snodgrass (19513_CR34) 1988; 117
F Faul (19513_CR69) 2007; 39
MF Colloff (19513_CR44) 2016; 27
19513_CR29
A Buchner (19513_CR70) 1995; 124
JM Lampinen (19513_CR76) 2020; 34
JM Province (19513_CR98) 2012; 109
AN Doob (19513_CR82) 1973; 1
19513_CR43
E Erdfelder (19513_CR93) 1998; 127
M Sauerland (19513_CR58) 2009; 15
A Memon (19513_CR40) 2003; 94
N Tupper (19513_CR92) 2019; 25
H Singmann (19513_CR31) 2013; 45
19513_CR2
N Brewer (19513_CR54) 2010; 15
I Sučić (19513_CR84) 2015; 21
GL Wells (19513_CR7) 2000; 55
A Keast (19513_CR72) 2007; 97
E Erdfelder (19513_CR28) 2009; 217
SD Gronlund (19513_CR13) 2012; 1
JT Wixted (19513_CR18) 2015; 4
L Mickes (19513_CR20) 2014; 3
ML Schaper (19513_CR91) 2019; 186
NK Steblay (19513_CR61) 2011; 17
HD Flowe (19513_CR39) 2016; 24
GL Wells (19513_CR10) 1980; 88
KL Amendola (19513_CR15) 2015; 11
E Erdfelder (19513_CR25) 1998; 24
R Ratcliff (19513_CR79) 1992; 99
L Mickes (19513_CR11) 2012; 18
GL Wells (19513_CR1) 2020; 44
DS Lindsay (19513_CR51) 1998; 9
T Meiser (19513_CR65) 2007; 60
GL Wells (19513_CR9) 2015; 4
KJ Malmberg (19513_CR101) 2002; 28
JW Sherman (19513_CR23) 2003; 21
BH Bornstein (19513_CR74) 2012; 18
UJ Bayen (19513_CR21) 1996; 22
HD Flowe (19513_CR75) 2011; 25
A Karageorge (19513_CR46) 2011; 102
AM Smith (19513_CR48) 2020; 9
T Zarkadi (19513_CR68) 2009; 20
A Bröder (19513_CR89) 2009; 35
SD Gronlund (19513_CR16) 2015
V Küppers (19513_CR64) 2014; 67
N Brewer (19513_CR50) 2006; 12
NM Menne (19513_CR36) 2022; 12
R Wilcock (19513_CR53) 2010; 24
R Bell (19513_CR33) 2017; 17
TM Seale-Carlisle (19513_CR88) 2019; 25
GL Wells (19513_CR5) 2014; 23
J Schütz (19513_CR95) 2011; 58
T Meiser (19513_CR22) 2002; 28
R Horry (19513_CR62) 2021; 27
MA Palmer (19513_CR41) 2013; 19
JT Wixted (19513_CR17) 2015; 4
NA Macmillan (19513_CR19) 2005
CA Carlson (19513_CR38) 2014; 3
MF Colloff (19513_CR45) 2017; 32
C Stahl (19513_CR32) 2007; 39
K Murnane (19513_CR78) 1991; 17
JT Wixted (19513_CR99) 2007; 114
DM Riefer (19513_CR67) 1994; 20
GL Wells (19513_CR6) 2015; 11
SE Clark (19513_CR71) 2005; 29
HD Flowe (19513_CR57) 2007; 31
SM Andersen (19513_CR37) 2014; 60
PN Shapiro (19513_CR80) 1986; 100
DW Heck (19513_CR90) 2018; 50
JC Brigham (19513_CR55) 1990; 11
D Kellen (19513_CR96) 2015; 122
RCL Lindsay (19513_CR73) 1991; 76
RB Saraiva (19513_CR52) 2020; 25
N Brewer (19513_CR49) 2006; 30
SA Wetmore (19513_CR81) 2015; 4
D Kellen (19513_CR97) 2015; 62
TM Seale-Carlisle (19513_CR87) 2016; 3
RE Smith (19513_CR24) 2004; 30
J Meisters (19513_CR47) 2018; 26
A Bröder (19513_CR35) 2013; 21
C Stahl (19513_CR26) 2007; 54
M Moshagen (19513_CR30) 2010; 42
19513_CR60
E Hirshman (19513_CR66) 1995; 21
JT Wixted (19513_CR12) 2014; 121
RS Malpass (19513_CR77) 1981; 66
C Unkelbach (19513_CR27) 2009; 18
CA Carlson (19513_CR63) 2016; 30
KC Klauer (19513_CR94) 2010; 17
M Minear (19513_CR59) 2004; 36
GL Wells (19513_CR8) 2015; 4
DG Dobolyi (19513_CR85) 2013; 19
SE Clark (19513_CR83) 2012; 7
AP Yonelinas (19513_CR100) 2007; 133
HD Flowe (19513_CR56) 2011; 25
References_xml – volume: 11
  start-page: 105
  year: 1990
  end-page: 115
  ident: CR55
  article-title: Target person distinctiveness and attractiveness as moderator variables in the confidence-accuracy relationship in eyewitness identifications
  publication-title: Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1207/s15324834basp1101_7
– volume: 21
  start-page: 916
  year: 2013
  end-page: 944
  ident: CR35
  article-title: Validating a two-high-threshold measurement model for confidence rating data in recognition
  publication-title: Memory
  doi: 10.1080/09658211.2013.767348
– volume: 19
  start-page: 345
  year: 2013
  end-page: 357
  ident: CR85
  article-title: Eyewitness confidence in simultaneous and sequential lineups: A criterion shift account for sequential mistaken identification overconfidence
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/a0034596
– volume: 11
  start-page: 291
  year: 2015
  end-page: 294
  ident: CR15
  article-title: No possibility of a selection bias, but direct evidence of a simultaneous superiority effect: A reply to Wells et al.
  publication-title: J. Exp. Criminol.
  doi: 10.1007/s11292-015-9227-x
– volume: 15
  start-page: 261
  year: 2010
  end-page: 277
  ident: CR54
  article-title: Children's eyewitness identification performance: Effects of a Not Sure response option and accuracy motivation
  publication-title: Leg. Criminol. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1348/135532509X474822
– volume: 36
  start-page: 630
  year: 2004
  end-page: 633
  ident: CR59
  article-title: A lifespan database of adult facial stimuli
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput.
  doi: 10.3758/BF03206543
– volume: 18
  start-page: 22
  year: 2009
  end-page: 38
  ident: CR27
  article-title: A multinomial modeling approach to dissociate different components of the truth effect
  publication-title: Conscious. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.09.006
– volume: 100
  start-page: 139
  year: 1986
  end-page: 156
  ident: CR80
  article-title: Meta-analysis of facial identification studies
  publication-title: Psychol. Bull.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.100.2.139
– volume: 109
  start-page: 14357
  year: 2012
  end-page: 14362
  ident: CR98
  article-title: Evidence for discrete-state processing in recognition memory
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1103880109
– volume: 17
  start-page: 120
  year: 2017
  end-page: 130
  ident: CR33
  article-title: Emotional memory: No source memory without old-new recognition
  publication-title: Emotion
  doi: 10.1037/emo0000211
– volume: 55
  start-page: 581
  year: 2000
  end-page: 598
  ident: CR7
  article-title: From the lab to the police station. A successful application of eyewitness research
  publication-title: Am. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.55.6.581
– volume: 25
  start-page: 992
  year: 2019
  end-page: 1007
  ident: CR92
  article-title: Eyewitness identification procedures for multiple perpetrator crimes: A survey of police in Sweden, Belgium, and the Netherlands
  publication-title: Psychol. Crime Law
  doi: 10.1080/1068316x.2019.1611828
– volume: 31
  start-page: 33
  year: 2007
  end-page: 52
  ident: CR57
  article-title: The effect of lineup member similarity on recognition accuracy in simultaneous and sequential lineups
  publication-title: Law Hum. Behav.
  doi: 10.1007/s10979-006-9045-9
– volume: 60
  start-page: 1015
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1040
  ident: CR65
  article-title: Metacognitive inferences in source memory judgements: The role of perceived differences in item recognition
  publication-title: Q. J. Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1080/17470210600875215
– year: 2005
  ident: CR19
  publication-title: Detection Theory: A User’s Guide
– volume: 28
  start-page: 380
  year: 2002
  end-page: 387
  ident: CR101
  article-title: On the form of ROCs constructed from confidence ratings
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.28.2.380
– volume: 4
  start-page: 329
  year: 2015
  end-page: 334
  ident: CR18
  article-title: ROC analysis measures objective discriminability for any eyewitness identification procedure
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.007
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1297
  year: 2018
  end-page: 1309
  ident: CR47
  article-title: Eyewitness identification in simultaneous and sequential lineups: An investigation of position effects using receiver operating characteristics
  publication-title: Memory
  doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1464581
– volume: 124
  start-page: 137
  year: 1995
  end-page: 160
  ident: CR70
  article-title: Toward unbiased measurement of conscious and unconscious memory processes within the process dissociation framework
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Gen.
  doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.137
– volume: 30
  start-page: 756
  year: 2004
  end-page: 777
  ident: CR24
  article-title: A multinomial model of event-based prospective memory
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.30.4.756
– volume: 76
  start-page: 796
  year: 1991
  end-page: 802
  ident: CR73
  article-title: Biased lineups: Sequential presentation reduces the problem
  publication-title: J. Appl. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.796
– volume: 102
  start-page: 161
  year: 2011
  end-page: 183
  ident: CR46
  article-title: Exploring the effects of age and delay on children's person identifications: Verbal descriptions, lineup performance, and the influence of wildcards
  publication-title: Br. J. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1348/000712610X507902
– volume: 29
  start-page: 575
  year: 2005
  end-page: 604
  ident: CR71
  article-title: A re-examination of the effects of biased lineup instructions in eyewitness identification
  publication-title: Law Hum. Behav.
  doi: 10.1007/s10979-005-7121-1
– ident: CR60
– volume: 1
  start-page: 287
  year: 1973
  end-page: 293
  ident: CR82
  article-title: Bias in police lineups—partial remembering
  publication-title: J. Police Sci. Admin.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 238
  year: 2012
  end-page: 259
  ident: CR83
  article-title: Costs and benefits of eyewitness identification reform: Psychological science and public policy
  publication-title: Perspect. Psychol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1177/1745691612439584
– volume: 17
  start-page: 99
  year: 2011
  end-page: 139
  ident: CR61
  article-title: Seventy-two tests of the sequential lineup superiority effect: A meta-analysis and policy discussion
  publication-title: Psychol. Public Policy Law
  doi: 10.1037/a0021650
– volume: 17
  start-page: 969
  year: 2003
  end-page: 993
  ident: CR42
  article-title: Characteristics of eyewitness identification that predict the outcome of real lineups
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.939
– volume: 39
  start-page: 175
  year: 2007
  end-page: 191
  ident: CR69
  article-title: G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
  doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1448
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1453
  ident: CR68
  article-title: Creating fair lineups for suspects with distinctive features
  publication-title: Psychol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02463.x
– volume: 133
  start-page: 800
  year: 2007
  end-page: 832
  ident: CR100
  article-title: Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) in recognition memory: A review
  publication-title: Psychol. Bull.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.800
– volume: 94
  start-page: 339
  year: 2003
  end-page: 354
  ident: CR40
  article-title: Exposure duration: Effects on eyewitness accuracy and confidence
  publication-title: Br. J. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1348/000712603767876262
– volume: 121
  start-page: 262
  year: 2014
  end-page: 276
  ident: CR12
  article-title: A signal-detection-based diagnostic-feature-detection model of eyewitness identification
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/a0035940
– volume: 28
  start-page: 116
  year: 2002
  end-page: 137
  ident: CR22
  article-title: Memory for multidimensional source information
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.28.1.116
– volume: 60
  start-page: 36
  year: 2014
  end-page: 40
  ident: CR37
  article-title: Individual differences predict eyewitness identification performance
  publication-title: Person. Individ. Differ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.12.011
– volume: 45
  start-page: 560
  year: 2013
  end-page: 575
  ident: CR31
  article-title: MPTinR: Analysis of multinomial processing tree models in R
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
  doi: 10.3758/s13428-012-0259-0
– volume: 19
  start-page: 55
  year: 2013
  end-page: 71
  ident: CR41
  article-title: The confidence-accuracy relationship for eyewitness identification decisions: Effects of exposure duration, retention interval, and divided attention
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/a0031602
– volume: 4
  start-page: 8
  year: 2015
  end-page: 14
  ident: CR81
  article-title: Effect of retention interval on showup and lineup performance
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.07.003
– volume: 11
  start-page: 285
  year: 2015
  end-page: 289
  ident: CR6
  article-title: The flaw in Amendola and Wixted’s conclusion on simultaneous versus sequential lineups: Comment
  publication-title: J. Exp. Criminol.
  doi: 10.1007/s11292-014-9225-4
– volume: 127
  start-page: 83
  year: 1998
  end-page: 96
  ident: CR93
  article-title: Process-dissociation measurement models: Threshold theory or signal-detection theory?
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Gen.
  doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.127.1.83
– volume: 4
  start-page: 324
  year: 2015
  end-page: 328
  ident: CR9
  article-title: ROC analysis of lineups obscures information that is critical for both theoretical understanding and applied purposes
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.010
– volume: 21
  start-page: 302
  year: 1995
  end-page: 313
  ident: CR66
  article-title: Decision process in recognition memory: Criterion shifts and the list-strength paradigm
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.21.2.302
– volume: 3
  start-page: 2
  year: 2016
  end-page: 12
  ident: CR87
  article-title: US line-ups outperform UK line-ups
  publication-title: R. Soc. Open Sci.
  doi: 10.1098/rsos.160300
– volume: 58
  start-page: 293
  year: 2011
  end-page: 311
  ident: CR95
  article-title: Signal detection and threshold models of source memory
  publication-title: Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000097
– volume: 17
  start-page: 855
  year: 1991
  end-page: 874
  ident: CR78
  article-title: Interference and the representation of events in memory
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.17.5.855
– volume: 4
  start-page: 318
  year: 2015
  end-page: 323
  ident: CR17
  article-title: Evaluating eyewitness identification procedures: ROC analysis and its misconceptions
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.009
– volume: 21
  start-page: 798
  year: 2015
  end-page: 819
  ident: CR84
  article-title: Field study of response accuracy and decision confidence with regard to lineup composition and lineup presentation
  publication-title: Psychol. Crime Law
  doi: 10.1080/1068316X.2015.1054383
– volume: 1
  start-page: 221
  year: 2012
  end-page: 228
  ident: CR13
  article-title: Showups versus lineups: An evaluation using ROC analysis
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2012.09.003
– volume: 21
  start-page: 213
  year: 2003
  end-page: 246
  ident: CR23
  article-title: Bearing false witness under pressure: Implicit and explicit components of stereotype-driven memory distortions
  publication-title: Soc. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1521/soco.21.3.213.25340
– volume: 25
  start-page: 410
  year: 2019
  end-page: 430
  ident: CR88
  article-title: Designing police lineups to maximize memory performance
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/xap0000222
– volume: 54
  start-page: 99
  year: 2007
  end-page: 112
  ident: CR26
  article-title: Assessing automatic activation of valence: A multinomial model of EAST performance
  publication-title: Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1027/1618-3169.54.2.99
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1005
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1013
  ident: CR63
  article-title: The effect of backloading instructions on eyewitness identification from simultaneous and sequential lineups
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.3292
– volume: 44
  start-page: 3
  year: 2020
  end-page: 36
  ident: CR1
  article-title: Policy and procedure recommendations for the collection and preservation of eyewitness identification evidence
  publication-title: Law Hum. Behav.
  doi: 10.1037/lhb0000359
– volume: 24
  start-page: 306
  year: 2016
  end-page: 314
  ident: CR39
  article-title: Configural and component processing in simultaneous and sequential lineup procedures
  publication-title: Memory
  doi: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1004350
– ident: CR29
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1227
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1239
  ident: CR44
  article-title: Unfair lineups make witnesses more likely to confuse innocent and guilty suspects
  publication-title: Psychol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1177/0956797616655789
– volume: 66
  start-page: 482
  year: 1981
  end-page: 489
  ident: CR77
  article-title: Eyewitness identification: Lineup constructions and the absence of the offender
  publication-title: J. Appl. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.66.4.482
– volume: 35
  start-page: 587
  year: 2009
  end-page: 606
  ident: CR89
  article-title: Recognition ROCs are curvilinear-or are they? On premature arguments against the two-high-threshold model of recognition
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/a0015279
– volume: 25
  start-page: 265
  year: 2011
  end-page: 273
  ident: CR75
  article-title: An examination of criminal face bias in a random sample of police lineups
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.1673
– start-page: 1
  year: 2015
  end-page: 43
  ident: CR16
  publication-title: Psychology of Learning and Motivation
– volume: 18
  start-page: 361
  year: 2012
  end-page: 376
  ident: CR11
  article-title: Receiver operating characteristic analysis of eyewitness memory: Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of simultaneous versus sequential lineups
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/a0030609
– volume: 25
  start-page: 111
  year: 2020
  end-page: 132
  ident: CR52
  article-title: Eyewitness metamemory predicts identification performance in biased and unbiased line-ups
  publication-title: Leg. Criminol. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1111/lcrp.12166
– volume: 32
  start-page: 243
  year: 2017
  end-page: 258
  ident: CR45
  article-title: A signal-detection analysis of eyewitness identification across the adult lifespan
  publication-title: Psychol. Aging
  doi: 10.1037/pag0000168
– volume: 67
  start-page: 2042
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2059
  ident: CR64
  article-title: Inconsistency effects in source memory and compensatory schema-consistent guessing
  publication-title: Q. J. Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1080/17470218.2014.904914
– volume: 4
  start-page: 313
  year: 2015
  end-page: 317
  ident: CR8
  article-title: ROC analysis of lineups does not measure underlying discriminability and has limited value
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.008
– volume: 15
  start-page: 46
  year: 2009
  end-page: 62
  ident: CR58
  article-title: Fast and confident: Postdicting eyewitness identification accuracy in a field study
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/a0014560
– volume: 34
  start-page: 409
  year: 2020
  end-page: 424
  ident: CR76
  article-title: Comparing detailed and less detailed pre-lineup instructions
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.3627
– volume: 122
  start-page: 542
  year: 2015
  end-page: 557
  ident: CR96
  article-title: Signal detection and threshold modeling of confidence-rating ROCs: A critical test with minimal assumptions
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/a0039251
– volume: 97
  start-page: 286
  year: 2007
  end-page: 314
  ident: CR72
  article-title: Children's metacognitive judgments in an eyewitness identification task
  publication-title: J. Exp. Child Psychol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2007.01.007
– volume: 22
  start-page: 603
  year: 1998
  end-page: 647
  ident: CR3
  article-title: Eyewitness identification procedures: Recommendations for lineups and photospreads
  publication-title: Law Hum. Behav.
  doi: 10.1023/A:1025750605807
– ident: CR43
– volume: 3
  start-page: 58
  year: 2014
  end-page: 62
  ident: CR20
  article-title: Missing the information needed to perform ROC analysis? Then compute , not the diagnosticity ratio
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.04.007
– volume: 99
  start-page: 518
  year: 1992
  end-page: 535
  ident: CR79
  article-title: Testing global memory models using ROC curves
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.518
– volume: 3
  start-page: 45
  year: 2014
  end-page: 53
  ident: CR38
  article-title: An evaluation of lineup presentation, weapon presence, and a distinctive feature using ROC analysis
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.03.004
– volume: 20
  start-page: 680
  year: 1994
  end-page: 693
  ident: CR67
  article-title: Response strategies in source monitoring
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.20.3.680
– volume: 186
  start-page: 7
  year: 2019
  end-page: 14
  ident: CR91
  article-title: Adaptive memory: Source memory is positively associated with adaptive social decision making
  publication-title: Cognition
  doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.01.014
– ident: CR2
– volume: 42
  start-page: 42
  year: 2010
  end-page: 54
  ident: CR30
  article-title: multiTree: A computer program for the analysis of multinomial processing tree models
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
  doi: 10.3758/BRM.42.1.42
– volume: 88
  start-page: 776
  year: 1980
  end-page: 784
  ident: CR10
  article-title: On estimating the diagnosticity of eyewitness nonidentifications
  publication-title: Psychol. Bull.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.776
– volume: 11
  start-page: 263
  year: 2015
  end-page: 284
  ident: CR14
  article-title: Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of suspect identifications made by actual eyewitnesses from simultaneous and sequential lineups in a randomized field trial
  publication-title: J. Exp. Criminol.
  doi: 10.1007/s11292-014-9219-2
– volume: 12
  start-page: 13379
  year: 2022
  ident: CR36
  article-title: A validation of the two-high threshold eyewitness identification model by reanalyzing published data
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17400-y
– volume: 30
  start-page: 31
  year: 2006
  end-page: 50
  ident: CR49
  article-title: Eyewitness identification accuracy and response latency
  publication-title: Law Hum. Behav.
  doi: 10.1007/s10979-006-9002-7
– volume: 117
  start-page: 34
  year: 1988
  end-page: 50
  ident: CR34
  article-title: Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Gen.
  doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.117.1.34
– volume: 12
  start-page: 11
  year: 2006
  end-page: 30
  ident: CR50
  article-title: The confidence-accuracy relationship in eyewitness identification: Effects of lineup instructions, foil similarity, and target-absent base rates
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/1076-898X.12.1.11
– volume: 217
  start-page: 108
  year: 2009
  end-page: 124
  ident: CR28
  article-title: Multinomial processing tree models: A review of the literature
  publication-title: Z. Psychol. / J. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1027/0044-3409.217.3.xxx
– volume: 62
  start-page: 40
  year: 2015
  end-page: 53
  ident: CR97
  article-title: Further evidence for discrete-state mediation in recognition memory
  publication-title: Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000272
– volume: 114
  start-page: 152
  year: 2007
  end-page: 176
  ident: CR99
  article-title: Dual-process theory and signal-detection theory of recognition memory
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.114.1.152
– volume: 24
  start-page: 718
  year: 2010
  end-page: 736
  ident: CR53
  article-title: Novel lineup methods for improving the performance of older eyewitnesses
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.1582
– volume: 70
  start-page: 556
  year: 1985
  end-page: 564
  ident: CR4
  article-title: Improving eyewitness identifications from lineups: Simultaneous versus sequential lineup presentation
  publication-title: J. Appl. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.70.3.556
– volume: 50
  start-page: 264
  year: 2018
  end-page: 284
  ident: CR90
  article-title: TreeBUGS: An R package for hierarchical multinomial-processing-tree modeling
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
  doi: 10.3758/s13428-017-0869-7
– volume: 9
  start-page: 495
  year: 2020
  end-page: 507
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Why do mistaken identification rates increase when either witnessing or testing conditions get worse?
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.08.002
– volume: 23
  start-page: 11
  year: 2014
  end-page: 16
  ident: CR5
  article-title: Eyewitness identification: Probative value, criterion shifts, and policy regarding the sequential lineup
  publication-title: Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1177/0963721413504781
– volume: 9
  start-page: 215
  year: 1998
  end-page: 218
  ident: CR51
  article-title: Accuracy and confidence in person identification: The relationship is strong when witnessing conditions vary widely
  publication-title: Psychol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00041
– volume: 18
  start-page: 473
  year: 2012
  end-page: 490
  ident: CR74
  article-title: Effects of exposure time and cognitive operations on facial identification accuracy: A meta-analysis of two variables associated with initial memory strength
  publication-title: Psychol. Crime Law
  doi: 10.1080/1068316x.2010.508458
– volume: 17
  start-page: 465
  year: 2010
  end-page: 478
  ident: CR94
  article-title: Toward a complete decision model of item and source recognition: A discrete-state approach
  publication-title: Psychon. Bull. Rev.
  doi: 10.3758/PBR.17.4.465
– volume: 22
  start-page: 197
  year: 1996
  end-page: 215
  ident: CR21
  article-title: Source discrimination, item detection, and multinomial models of source monitoring
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.22.1.197
– volume: 25
  start-page: 244
  year: 2011
  end-page: 254
  ident: CR56
  article-title: An exploration of visual behaviour in eyewitness identification tests
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.1670
– volume: 24
  start-page: 387
  year: 1998
  end-page: 414
  ident: CR25
  article-title: Decomposing the hindsight bias: A multinomial processing tree model for separating recollection and reconstruction in hindsight
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.24.2.387
– volume: 27
  start-page: 170
  year: 2021
  end-page: 186
  ident: CR62
  article-title: “Only your first yes will count”: The impact of pre-lineup instructions on sequential lineup decisions
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/xap0000337
– start-page: 43
  year: 2016
  end-page: 69
  ident: CR86
  publication-title: Advances in Psychology and Law
– volume: 39
  start-page: 267
  year: 2007
  end-page: 273
  ident: CR32
  article-title: HMMTree: A computer program for latent-class hierarchical multinomial processing tree models
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
  doi: 10.3758/BF03193157
– volume: 1
  start-page: 287
  year: 1973
  ident: 19513_CR82
  publication-title: J. Police Sci. Admin.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 170
  year: 2021
  ident: 19513_CR62
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/xap0000337
– volume: 12
  start-page: 11
  year: 2006
  ident: 19513_CR50
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/1076-898X.12.1.11
– volume: 24
  start-page: 387
  year: 1998
  ident: 19513_CR25
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.24.2.387
– volume: 17
  start-page: 120
  year: 2017
  ident: 19513_CR33
  publication-title: Emotion
  doi: 10.1037/emo0000211
– volume: 117
  start-page: 34
  year: 1988
  ident: 19513_CR34
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Gen.
  doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.117.1.34
– start-page: 43
  volume-title: Advances in Psychology and Law
  year: 2016
  ident: 19513_CR86
– volume: 114
  start-page: 152
  year: 2007
  ident: 19513_CR99
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.114.1.152
– volume: 21
  start-page: 798
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR84
  publication-title: Psychol. Crime Law
  doi: 10.1080/1068316X.2015.1054383
– volume: 44
  start-page: 3
  year: 2020
  ident: 19513_CR1
  publication-title: Law Hum. Behav.
  doi: 10.1037/lhb0000359
– volume: 127
  start-page: 83
  year: 1998
  ident: 19513_CR93
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Gen.
  doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.127.1.83
– volume: 19
  start-page: 345
  year: 2013
  ident: 19513_CR85
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/a0034596
– volume: 19
  start-page: 55
  year: 2013
  ident: 19513_CR41
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/a0031602
– volume: 88
  start-page: 776
  year: 1980
  ident: 19513_CR10
  publication-title: Psychol. Bull.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.776
– volume: 11
  start-page: 105
  year: 1990
  ident: 19513_CR55
  publication-title: Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1207/s15324834basp1101_7
– volume: 39
  start-page: 267
  year: 2007
  ident: 19513_CR32
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
  doi: 10.3758/BF03193157
– volume: 66
  start-page: 482
  year: 1981
  ident: 19513_CR77
  publication-title: J. Appl. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.66.4.482
– volume: 11
  start-page: 291
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR15
  publication-title: J. Exp. Criminol.
  doi: 10.1007/s11292-015-9227-x
– volume: 122
  start-page: 542
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR96
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/a0039251
– volume: 21
  start-page: 916
  year: 2013
  ident: 19513_CR35
  publication-title: Memory
  doi: 10.1080/09658211.2013.767348
– volume: 99
  start-page: 518
  year: 1992
  ident: 19513_CR79
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.518
– volume: 35
  start-page: 587
  year: 2009
  ident: 19513_CR89
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/a0015279
– volume-title: Detection Theory: A User’s Guide
  year: 2005
  ident: 19513_CR19
– volume: 121
  start-page: 262
  year: 2014
  ident: 19513_CR12
  publication-title: Psychol. Rev.
  doi: 10.1037/a0035940
– volume: 24
  start-page: 718
  year: 2010
  ident: 19513_CR53
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.1582
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1227
  year: 2016
  ident: 19513_CR44
  publication-title: Psychol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1177/0956797616655789
– ident: 19513_CR60
– volume: 50
  start-page: 264
  year: 2018
  ident: 19513_CR90
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
  doi: 10.3758/s13428-017-0869-7
– volume: 11
  start-page: 263
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR14
  publication-title: J. Exp. Criminol.
  doi: 10.1007/s11292-014-9219-2
– volume: 25
  start-page: 111
  year: 2020
  ident: 19513_CR52
  publication-title: Leg. Criminol. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1111/lcrp.12166
– volume: 76
  start-page: 796
  year: 1991
  ident: 19513_CR73
  publication-title: J. Appl. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.796
– volume: 25
  start-page: 992
  year: 2019
  ident: 19513_CR92
  publication-title: Psychol. Crime Law
  doi: 10.1080/1068316x.2019.1611828
– volume: 15
  start-page: 261
  year: 2010
  ident: 19513_CR54
  publication-title: Leg. Criminol. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1348/135532509X474822
– volume: 102
  start-page: 161
  year: 2011
  ident: 19513_CR46
  publication-title: Br. J. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1348/000712610X507902
– volume: 22
  start-page: 197
  year: 1996
  ident: 19513_CR21
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.22.1.197
– volume: 3
  start-page: 58
  year: 2014
  ident: 19513_CR20
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.04.007
– volume: 54
  start-page: 99
  year: 2007
  ident: 19513_CR26
  publication-title: Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1027/1618-3169.54.2.99
– start-page: 1
  volume-title: Psychology of Learning and Motivation
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR16
– volume: 60
  start-page: 36
  year: 2014
  ident: 19513_CR37
  publication-title: Person. Individ. Differ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.12.011
– volume: 4
  start-page: 313
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR8
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.008
– volume: 4
  start-page: 318
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR17
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.009
– volume: 62
  start-page: 40
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR97
  publication-title: Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000272
– volume: 12
  start-page: 13379
  year: 2022
  ident: 19513_CR36
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17400-y
– volume: 58
  start-page: 293
  year: 2011
  ident: 19513_CR95
  publication-title: Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000097
– volume: 15
  start-page: 46
  year: 2009
  ident: 19513_CR58
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/a0014560
– volume: 17
  start-page: 99
  year: 2011
  ident: 19513_CR61
  publication-title: Psychol. Public Policy Law
  doi: 10.1037/a0021650
– volume: 3
  start-page: 2
  year: 2016
  ident: 19513_CR87
  publication-title: R. Soc. Open Sci.
  doi: 10.1098/rsos.160300
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1448
  year: 2009
  ident: 19513_CR68
  publication-title: Psychol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02463.x
– volume: 4
  start-page: 324
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR9
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.010
– volume: 70
  start-page: 556
  year: 1985
  ident: 19513_CR4
  publication-title: J. Appl. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.70.3.556
– volume: 124
  start-page: 137
  year: 1995
  ident: 19513_CR70
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Gen.
  doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.137
– volume: 24
  start-page: 306
  year: 2016
  ident: 19513_CR39
  publication-title: Memory
  doi: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1004350
– volume: 55
  start-page: 581
  year: 2000
  ident: 19513_CR7
  publication-title: Am. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.55.6.581
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1297
  year: 2018
  ident: 19513_CR47
  publication-title: Memory
  doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1464581
– volume: 25
  start-page: 244
  year: 2011
  ident: 19513_CR56
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.1670
– volume: 94
  start-page: 339
  year: 2003
  ident: 19513_CR40
  publication-title: Br. J. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1348/000712603767876262
– volume: 20
  start-page: 680
  year: 1994
  ident: 19513_CR67
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.20.3.680
– volume: 100
  start-page: 139
  year: 1986
  ident: 19513_CR80
  publication-title: Psychol. Bull.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.100.2.139
– volume: 39
  start-page: 175
  year: 2007
  ident: 19513_CR69
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
  doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
– ident: 19513_CR29
  doi: 10.31234/osf.io/gh8md
– ident: 19513_CR43
– volume: 97
  start-page: 286
  year: 2007
  ident: 19513_CR72
  publication-title: J. Exp. Child Psychol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2007.01.007
– volume: 1
  start-page: 221
  year: 2012
  ident: 19513_CR13
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2012.09.003
– volume: 18
  start-page: 361
  year: 2012
  ident: 19513_CR11
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/a0030609
– volume: 17
  start-page: 969
  year: 2003
  ident: 19513_CR42
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.939
– volume: 28
  start-page: 380
  year: 2002
  ident: 19513_CR101
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.28.2.380
– volume: 18
  start-page: 22
  year: 2009
  ident: 19513_CR27
  publication-title: Conscious. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.09.006
– volume: 31
  start-page: 33
  year: 2007
  ident: 19513_CR57
  publication-title: Law Hum. Behav.
  doi: 10.1007/s10979-006-9045-9
– volume: 23
  start-page: 11
  year: 2014
  ident: 19513_CR5
  publication-title: Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1177/0963721413504781
– volume: 4
  start-page: 8
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR81
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.07.003
– volume: 30
  start-page: 756
  year: 2004
  ident: 19513_CR24
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.30.4.756
– volume: 34
  start-page: 409
  year: 2020
  ident: 19513_CR76
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.3627
– volume: 11
  start-page: 285
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR6
  publication-title: J. Exp. Criminol.
  doi: 10.1007/s11292-014-9225-4
– volume: 29
  start-page: 575
  year: 2005
  ident: 19513_CR71
  publication-title: Law Hum. Behav.
  doi: 10.1007/s10979-005-7121-1
– volume: 22
  start-page: 603
  year: 1998
  ident: 19513_CR3
  publication-title: Law Hum. Behav.
  doi: 10.1023/A:1025750605807
– volume: 17
  start-page: 855
  year: 1991
  ident: 19513_CR78
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.17.5.855
– ident: 19513_CR2
– volume: 30
  start-page: 31
  year: 2006
  ident: 19513_CR49
  publication-title: Law Hum. Behav.
  doi: 10.1007/s10979-006-9002-7
– volume: 17
  start-page: 465
  year: 2010
  ident: 19513_CR94
  publication-title: Psychon. Bull. Rev.
  doi: 10.3758/PBR.17.4.465
– volume: 21
  start-page: 302
  year: 1995
  ident: 19513_CR66
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.21.2.302
– volume: 67
  start-page: 2042
  year: 2014
  ident: 19513_CR64
  publication-title: Q. J. Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1080/17470218.2014.904914
– volume: 18
  start-page: 473
  year: 2012
  ident: 19513_CR74
  publication-title: Psychol. Crime Law
  doi: 10.1080/1068316x.2010.508458
– volume: 3
  start-page: 45
  year: 2014
  ident: 19513_CR38
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.03.004
– volume: 4
  start-page: 329
  year: 2015
  ident: 19513_CR18
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.08.007
– volume: 42
  start-page: 42
  year: 2010
  ident: 19513_CR30
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
  doi: 10.3758/BRM.42.1.42
– volume: 186
  start-page: 7
  year: 2019
  ident: 19513_CR91
  publication-title: Cognition
  doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.01.014
– volume: 217
  start-page: 108
  year: 2009
  ident: 19513_CR28
  publication-title: Z. Psychol. / J. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1027/0044-3409.217.3.xxx
– volume: 36
  start-page: 630
  year: 2004
  ident: 19513_CR59
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput.
  doi: 10.3758/BF03206543
– volume: 25
  start-page: 410
  year: 2019
  ident: 19513_CR88
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Appl.
  doi: 10.1037/xap0000222
– volume: 60
  start-page: 1015
  year: 2007
  ident: 19513_CR65
  publication-title: Q. J. Exp. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1080/17470210600875215
– volume: 7
  start-page: 238
  year: 2012
  ident: 19513_CR83
  publication-title: Perspect. Psychol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1177/1745691612439584
– volume: 21
  start-page: 213
  year: 2003
  ident: 19513_CR23
  publication-title: Soc. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1521/soco.21.3.213.25340
– volume: 45
  start-page: 560
  year: 2013
  ident: 19513_CR31
  publication-title: Behav. Res. Methods
  doi: 10.3758/s13428-012-0259-0
– volume: 25
  start-page: 265
  year: 2011
  ident: 19513_CR75
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.1673
– volume: 28
  start-page: 116
  year: 2002
  ident: 19513_CR22
  publication-title: J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.28.1.116
– volume: 32
  start-page: 243
  year: 2017
  ident: 19513_CR45
  publication-title: Psychol. Aging
  doi: 10.1037/pag0000168
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1005
  year: 2016
  ident: 19513_CR63
  publication-title: Appl. Cogn. Psychol.
  doi: 10.1002/acp.3292
– volume: 133
  start-page: 800
  year: 2007
  ident: 19513_CR100
  publication-title: Psychol. Bull.
  doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.800
– volume: 9
  start-page: 215
  year: 1998
  ident: 19513_CR51
  publication-title: Psychol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00041
– volume: 9
  start-page: 495
  year: 2020
  ident: 19513_CR48
  publication-title: J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.08.002
– volume: 109
  start-page: 14357
  year: 2012
  ident: 19513_CR98
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1103880109
SSID ssj0000529419
Score 2.4454181
Snippet To improve police protocols for lineup procedures, it is helpful to understand the processes underlying eyewitness identification performance. The two-high...
To improve police protocols for lineup procedures, it is helpful to understand the processes underlying eyewitness identification performance. The two-high...
Abstract To improve police protocols for lineup procedures, it is helpful to understand the processes underlying eyewitness identification performance. The...
SourceID doaj
unpaywall
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 15571
SubjectTerms 631/477
631/477/2811
Cognitive ability
Crime
Excipients
Experiments
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Mental Recall
multidisciplinary
Police
Recognition, Psychology
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1La9wwEBYlUNoeQt91mhYVemtMJEu27GNTEkKhPTWQmxhZMl1YvEt3l2Xz6zMjed1dUtIeevHBM7LlecgjNPMNYx9rQnSRLeS6AJNrBSFvAvpj0RgMMHzpROw89-17dXmlv16X1zutvignLMEDJ8GdCoIbqSsIoI2uWg0aNykC194SF1iIJeuFqJudzVRC9S4aLZuhSkao-nSBI6iaDPdeEqMKla_3_kQRsP9PUebdZMnxxPQJe7Tq57BZw3S681O6eMoOh2iSf05f8Yw9CP1z9jD1l9y8YPPzHfx-jjY1SR2U-KzjwGMuIVUlI22e6gXwhZyOqXlskMMxoOVAqCU3RAibsJ4saWnkEz8kGaXH-aFRz-Ilu7o4__HlMh9aLOStNmKZg6mFakXjXCk77UwJKpSNpow1CcYHquKpQJUeNecddJWUJiCP0yEYU0v1ih30sz68YVwbLwSoCoQjEMHOgQKnAXznMYasZcbkVty2HfDHqQ3G1MZzcFXbpCKLKrJRRXadsU_jmHlC37iX-4y0OHIScna8gfZkB3uyf7OnjB1vbcAO7rywhSEyXsqMfRjJ6Ih0ugJ9mK0SD-6tTYE8r5PJjDNRFZUsyyZjZs-Y9qa6T-knPyPYd0TTafCZJ1uz-z2t-0RxMprmP0ju6H9I7i17XJB7UX-N6pgdLH-twjuM2JbufXTOW5ePORI
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3fb9MwELZGJwQ8IH5TGMhIvLFocezEyQNCDHWakKgQYtLeonPsQqUqCWurqvz13DlOtgpU8RpfE9d3Z19yd9_H2NucEF1EBZFKQEdKgosKh_6YFBoDDJua2DPPfZlm5xfq82V6ecCmfS8MlVX2e6LfqG1T0Tfyk0Rj6ILnYZp-aH9FxBpF2dWeQgMCtYJ97yHGbrHDhJCxRuzwdDL9-m346kJ5LSWK0D0Ty_xkiScYdZnhO5nAaENGm50TygP5_yv6_LuIcsik3mN31nUL2w0sFjcOq7MH7H6IMvnHziwesgNXP2K3O97J7WPWTm7g-nO0tXnHrMSbGQfuawypWxnH2q6PAB_IKX3NPXEOx0CXA6GZ_KYBt3Wb-Yq2TD63ofiou50NBD7LJ-zibPL903kUqBeiSul4FYHOY1nFhTGpmCmjU5AuLRRVsgnQ1lF3TwYytahRa2CWCaEdyhjlnNa5kE_ZqG5q95xxpW0cg8wgNgQuODMgwSgAO7MYW-ZizES_3GUVcMmJHmNR-vy4zMtORSWqqPQqKjdj9m74TduhcuyVPiUtDpKEqO0vNFc_yuCgZUywNnkGDpRWWaVAof3EeMaj1QlQOM2j3gbK4ObL8toox-zNMIwOSlkXqF2z7mTwnVsnKPOsM5lhJjKjVmZRjJneMaadqe6O1POfHgTco-wUeM_j3uyup7VvKY4H0_yPlXux_0-_ZHcTchxi1MiO2Gh1tXavMEZbmdfB8f4A1OA5ZQ
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: HAS SpringerNature Open Access 2022
  dbid: AAJSJ
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3dj9MwDLeOnRDwgPhmcKAg8cYqmiZt2seB7nSaBC9w0r1FTpuKSVM3sU3T7q8_O-3KVYdO8LKH2smi2K6dOv4Z4GPOiC6yxEgnaCKt0EeFJ3tMCkMBRpW6OHSe-_Y9O7_Qs8v08ggmh1qYQf4-QHevycVwGRgdmiSFAyra3YPjnBQzH8HxdDr7Meu_qXDWSsuiq42h4Z9vDx74nwDT_7fY8vYVyT5P-ggebJsV7ne4WNxwRWdP4HEXQ4ppK_SncOSbZ3C_7Sq5fw6r0xuo_YI0ad72TRLLWqAINwi5Fploq7ZKgP5QcHJahLY4gsJYgYxVcsUEv_e7-YZfiGJedVeL2umqrj3P-gVcnJ3-_HoedY0VolKbeBOhyWNVxoVzqay1Mykqnxaa76lJNJXn2p0MVVqRvCqHdSal8cTjtPfG5FK9hFGzbPxrENpUcYwqw9gxdGDtUKHTiFVdUeSYyzHIw3bbskMd5-YXCxuy3yq3rYgsicgGEdndGD71Y1Yt5sad3F9Yij0n42WHB6RGtjM_GzNoTZ6hR210VmrUdNSNyYOn5KZR0zJPDjpgOyNe28QwmX7SMXzoyWR-nFPBxi-3LQ-dqE1CPK9alelXojIuVJbFGMxAmQZLHVKa-a8A8R0wdAqac3JQuz_LumsrJr1q_sPOvfm_2d_Cw4QNiftnZCcw2vze-ncUkW3c-84QrwF3HS4u
  priority: 102
  providerName: Springer Nature
– databaseName: Unpaywall
  dbid: UNPAY
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwEB6VrRBw4P1YKMhI3GiWJHbi5FhQqwqJigMryskax05ZscpG3axW21_P2HnQhaqilz2sJ5E9Gduf5ZnvA3iXOUaXqMBAxCgDwdEGuaX5GOeSAIZJdOiV576cpMdT8fk0Od2BtK-F8Un7ntLSL9N9dtiHJW00rhiMjk4RgQIerCe1KW_BbpoQBh_B7vTk68EPpyRHGCUgmBB3FTIhz654eGsX8mT9VyHMfxMlh9vSe3BnVdW4WeN8fmlDOnoA3_uhtHkovyarRk-Ki79YHm8-1odwv8Oo7KC1fAQ7tnoMt1vVys0TqA8vqQIwitRZq8vEFiVD5jMUXa0ztdVtFQINhbnLb-ZldxjBZIaOC-XCNdiNXc8at-CymelSl9rXmU7-Z_kUpkeH3z4dB51wQ1AIGTYByizkRZhrnUSl0DJBbpNcuDy4CKWxrjYoRZ4YigejsUyjSFqy0cJaKbOIP4NRtajsC2BCmjBEnmKoHTVhqZGjFoimNIRMs2gMUf8hVdGxmjtxjbnyt-s8U603FXlTeW-q9RjeD8_ULafHtdYfXXwMlo6P2_-xOD9T3TdToSPFyVK0KKRIC4GCjtIhIYSEYAAK6uZeH12qWySWKpaumX6SMbwdmml6uzsbrOxi1drQiV3GZPO8DcahJzx1hdBRPga5FaZbXd1uqWY_PYW45-jJ6Z37fUD_6dZ1rtgfgv4_PPfyZuav4G7sYt7pc6R7MGrOV_Y1Ib5Gv-mm92_AWlD-
  priority: 102
  providerName: Unpaywall
Title Experimental validation of a multinomial processing tree model for analyzing eyewitness identification decisions
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-022-19513-w
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36114219
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2715007155
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2715446725
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9481595
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19513-w.pdf
https://doaj.org/article/0376786aea4746c4a421003415001a41
UnpaywallVersion publishedVersion
Volume 12
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVFSB
  databaseName: Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: HH5
  dateStart: 20110101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://abc-chemistry.org/
  providerName: ABC ChemistRy
– providerCode: PRVAFT
  databaseName: Open Access Digital Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: KQ8
  dateStart: 20110101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html
  providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
– providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20110101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVEBS
  databaseName: EBSCO - Academic Search Ultimate
  customDbUrl: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,shib&custid=s3936755&profile=ehost&defaultdb=asn
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: ABDBF
  dateStart: 20121221
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=asn
  providerName: EBSCOhost
– providerCode: PRVBFR
  databaseName: Free Medical Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: DIK
  dateStart: 20110101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.freemedicaljournals.com
  providerName: Flying Publisher
– providerCode: PRVFQY
  databaseName: GFMER Free Medical Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: GX1
  dateStart: 0
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php
  providerName: Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20110101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVAQN
  databaseName: PubMed Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: RPM
  dateStart: 20110101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
  providerName: National Library of Medicine
– providerCode: PRVAQT
  databaseName: Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: NAO
  dateStart: 20111201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.nature.com/siteindex/index.html
  providerName: Nature Publishing
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Health & Medical Collection (Proquest)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: 7X7
  dateStart: 20210101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20210101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVFZP
  databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 20250131
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: M48
  dateStart: 20110801
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://journals.scholarsportal.info
  providerName: Scholars Portal
– providerCode: PRVAVX
  databaseName: HAS SpringerNature Open Access 2022
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: AAJSJ
  dateStart: 20111201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.springernature.com
  providerName: Springer Nature
– providerCode: PRVAVX
  databaseName: Springer Nature OA Free Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2045-2322
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000529419
  issn: 2045-2322
  databaseCode: C6C
  dateStart: 20111201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.springeropen.com/
  providerName: Springer Nature
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3di9NAEF_uA1EfxG-rZ1nBNy9ekt1kkweRXulxFK4caqE-hdlko4WS1n5Q61_vzG4ar1gOfWkhM90uOzOd2e7O78fY24QQXYIcPBmC8qQA46UG4zFMFRYYRaR9yzx3NYgvh7I_ikYHbEt3VC_gYu_WjvikhvPJ-58_Nh8x4D-4lvHkbIFJiBrFcFsVYMEgvPUhO8ZMlRKVw1Vd7jus7zCVluuDQNg9LCbCuo9m_zA7ucpC-u-rQ_--Ttmcqd5nd1fVDDZrmExupK2Lh-xBXW_yjnOQR-zAVI_ZHcdAuXnCZr0bCP8cvW7sOJb4tOTA7W1D6ltG2cx1FOAXcjrI5pZCh2PJy4FwTX6RwGzMerykH08-LuprSG64oqbyWTxlw4vel-6lV5MweLlU_tIDlfgi91Oto6CUWkUgTJRKutMWgCoM9fnEIKICbVtoKOMgUAZ1tDRGqSQQz9hRNa3MC8alKnwfRAy-JpjBUoMALQGKssAqMwlaLNgud5bXCOVElDHJ7Em5SDJnogxNlFkTZesWe9d8ZubwOW7VPicrNpqErW0fTOffsjpUM58AbpIYDEgl41yCxG2xj9k-wpQOEqd5svWBbOuvWahIjC9Ri71pxBiqdP4ClZmunA7uvlWIOs-dyzQzETE1NQdpi6kdZ9qZ6q6kGn-3cOAWbyfFMU-3bvdnWrctxWnjmv-wci__a51fsXshxRFRbcQn7Gg5X5nXWLwtdZsdqpFqs-NOp_-5j-_nvcH1J3zajbtt-4dI28YsSoaD687X32FeQ9M
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3db9MwELfGJjR4QHxTGGAkeGLR4tiJk4cJMejUsa1CaJP25l1iFypVaVlbVeWP42_jLnGyVaCJl73GruP6PnyX-_gx9jalji6igEBFoAMlwQWZQ3mMMo0Gho3zsEKeO-4nvVP15Sw-W2O_m1oYSqtsdGKlqO24oG_kO5FG0wXvwzj-MPkZEGoURVcbCA3w0Ap2t2ox5gs7Dt1ygS7cdPfgM9L7XRTtd08-9QKPMhAUSoezAHQayiLM8jwWA5XrGKSLM0VJWwK0dVTIkoCMLW7e5jBIhNAO5-TKOa1TIXHdW2xDSZWh87ex1-1__dZ-5aE4mhKZr9YJZbozxRuTqtrQBxRo3chgsXIjVsAB_7J2_07abCO3d9nmvJzAcgGj0ZXLcf8-u-etWv6xZsMHbM2VD9ntGudy-YhNuldwBDjy9rBGcuLjAQde5TRSdTSOTeq6BXwhp3A5r4B6OBrWHKh7yi8acEu3GM5IRfOh9clO9XLWAwZNH7PTGyHCE7Zejkv3jHGlbRiCTCDMqZnhIAcJuQKwA4u2bCo6TDTHbQrfB53gOEamisfL1NQkMkgiU5HILDrsffubSd0F5NrZe0TFdiZ18K4ejC--G68QTEhtdNIEHCitkkKBQuc7RJsCuVyAwm1uNTxgvFqZmksh6LA37TAqBIryQOnG83oO-vg6wjlPa5ZpdyITKp0WWYfpFWZa2erqSDn8UTUdr7r6ZLjmdsN2l9u67ii2W9b8j5N7fv2ffs02eyfHR-booH_4gt2JSIgIzSPZYuuzi7l7ifbhLH_lhZCz85uW-z-PoXWP
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bb9MwFLbGELcHxJ3CACPBE4sax06cPCAEbNXGYOKBSX3zThIHKlVJWVtF5afx6zjHuWwVqOJlr_Gp4_pcfJxz-Rh7FVNHF5GBpwLQnpJgvcSiPgaJRgcjD1PfIc99OY4OTtSncTjeYr-7WhhKq-xsojPUeZXRN_JhoNF1wfMwDIdFmxbxdW_0bvbTIwQpirR2cBqNiBzZVY3Xt_nbwz3k9esgGO1_-3jgtQgDXqa0v_BAx77M_CRNQ1GoVIcgbZgoStgSoHNLRSwRyDDHhecpFJEQ2iJNqqzVOhYS573CrmopE0on1GPdf9-hCJoSSVun48t4OMezkurZ8PYn0K-RXr12FjrIgH_5uX-na_Yx21vsxrKcwaqG6fTCsTi6w263_ix_3wjgXbZly3vsWoNwubrPZvsXEAQ4SvWkwXDiVcGBu2xGqovGsVlTsYAv5BQo5w6ih6NLzYH6pvyiAbuy9WRBxplP8jbNqZkub6GC5g_YyaWw4CHbLqvSPmZc6dz3QUbgp9TGsEhBQqoA8iJHLzYWAya67TZZ2wGdgDimxkXiZWwaFhlkkXEsMvWAvel_M2v6f2yk_kBc7Cmpd7d7UJ19N60pMD410IkjsKC0ijIFCq_dPnoTKN8CFC5zp5MB0xqUuTkX_wF72Q-jKaD4DpS2WjY0eLvXAdI8akSmX4mMqGhaJAOm14RpbanrI-Xkh2s37vr5JDjnbid258vatBW7vWj-x8492fynX7DrqO3m8-Hx0VN2MyAdIhiPaIdtL86W9hk6hov0udNAzk4vW-X_AE-Xcyk
linkToUnpaywall http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwEB6VrRBw4P1YKMhI3GiWJHbi5FhQqwqJigMryskax05ZscpG3axW21_P2HnQhaqilz2sJ5E9Gduf5ZnvA3iXOUaXqMBAxCgDwdEGuaX5GOeSAIZJdOiV576cpMdT8fk0Od2BtK-F8Un7ntLSL9N9dtiHJW00rhiMjk4RgQIerCe1KW_BbpoQBh_B7vTk68EPpyRHGCUgmBB3FTIhz654eGsX8mT9VyHMfxMlh9vSe3BnVdW4WeN8fmlDOnoA3_uhtHkovyarRk-Ki79YHm8-1odwv8Oo7KC1fAQ7tnoMt1vVys0TqA8vqQIwitRZq8vEFiVD5jMUXa0ztdVtFQINhbnLb-ZldxjBZIaOC-XCNdiNXc8at-CymelSl9rXmU7-Z_kUpkeH3z4dB51wQ1AIGTYByizkRZhrnUSl0DJBbpNcuDy4CKWxrjYoRZ4YigejsUyjSFqy0cJaKbOIP4NRtajsC2BCmjBEnmKoHTVhqZGjFoimNIRMs2gMUf8hVdGxmjtxjbnyt-s8U603FXlTeW-q9RjeD8_ULafHtdYfXXwMlo6P2_-xOD9T3TdToSPFyVK0KKRIC4GCjtIhIYSEYAAK6uZeH12qWySWKpaumX6SMbwdmml6uzsbrOxi1drQiV3GZPO8DcahJzx1hdBRPga5FaZbXd1uqWY_PYW45-jJ6Z37fUD_6dZ1rtgfgv4_PPfyZuav4G7sYt7pc6R7MGrOV_Y1Ib5Gv-mm92_AWlD-
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Experimental+validation+of+a+multinomial+processing+tree+model+for+analyzing+eyewitness+identification+decisions&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.au=Winter%2C+Kristina&rft.au=Menne%2C+Nicola+M.&rft.au=Bell%2C+Raoul&rft.au=Buchner%2C+Axel&rft.date=2022-09-16&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41598-022-19513-w&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1038_s41598_022_19513_w
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2045-2322&client=summon