An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Discrete-Time Alternating Quantum Walk and Advanced Encryption Standard
This paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on a discrete-time alternating quantum walk (AQW) and the advanced encryption standard (AES). We use quantum properties to improve the AES algorithm, which uses a keystream generator related to AQW parameters to generate a probability distribution...
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| Published in | Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 24; no. 5; p. 608 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Switzerland
MDPI AG
27.04.2022
MDPI |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1099-4300 1099-4300 |
| DOI | 10.3390/e24050608 |
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| Abstract | This paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on a discrete-time alternating quantum walk (AQW) and the advanced encryption standard (AES). We use quantum properties to improve the AES algorithm, which uses a keystream generator related to AQW parameters to generate a probability distribution matrix. Some singular values of the matrix are extracted as the key to the AES algorithm. The Rcon of the AES algorithm is replaced with the elements of the probability distribution matrix. Then, the ascending order of the size of the clone probability distribution matrix scrambles the mapping rules of the S-box and ShiftRow transformations in the AES algorithm. The algorithm uses a probability distribution matrix and plaintext XOR operation to complete the preprocessing and uses the modified AES algorithm to complete the encryption process. The technology is based on simulation verification, including pixel correlation, histograms, differential attacks, noise attacks, information entropy, key sensitivity, and space. The results demonstrate a remarkable encryption effect. Compared with other improved AES algorithms, this algorithm has the advantages of the original AES algorithm and improves the ability to resist correlation attacks. |
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| AbstractList | This paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on a discrete-time alternating quantum walk (AQW) and the advanced encryption standard (AES). We use quantum properties to improve the AES algorithm, which uses a keystream generator related to AQW parameters to generate a probability distribution matrix. Some singular values of the matrix are extracted as the key to the AES algorithm. The Rcon of the AES algorithm is replaced with the elements of the probability distribution matrix. Then, the ascending order of the size of the clone probability distribution matrix scrambles the mapping rules of the S-box and ShiftRow transformations in the AES algorithm. The algorithm uses a probability distribution matrix and plaintext XOR operation to complete the preprocessing and uses the modified AES algorithm to complete the encryption process. The technology is based on simulation verification, including pixel correlation, histograms, differential attacks, noise attacks, information entropy, key sensitivity, and space. The results demonstrate a remarkable encryption effect. Compared with other improved AES algorithms, this algorithm has the advantages of the original AES algorithm and improves the ability to resist correlation attacks. This paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on a discrete-time alternating quantum walk (AQW) and the advanced encryption standard (AES). We use quantum properties to improve the AES algorithm, which uses a keystream generator related to AQW parameters to generate a probability distribution matrix. Some singular values of the matrix are extracted as the key to the AES algorithm. The Rcon of the AES algorithm is replaced with the elements of the probability distribution matrix. Then, the ascending order of the size of the clone probability distribution matrix scrambles the mapping rules of the S-box and ShiftRow transformations in the AES algorithm. The algorithm uses a probability distribution matrix and plaintext XOR operation to complete the preprocessing and uses the modified AES algorithm to complete the encryption process. The technology is based on simulation verification, including pixel correlation, histograms, differential attacks, noise attacks, information entropy, key sensitivity, and space. The results demonstrate a remarkable encryption effect. Compared with other improved AES algorithms, this algorithm has the advantages of the original AES algorithm and improves the ability to resist correlation attacks.This paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on a discrete-time alternating quantum walk (AQW) and the advanced encryption standard (AES). We use quantum properties to improve the AES algorithm, which uses a keystream generator related to AQW parameters to generate a probability distribution matrix. Some singular values of the matrix are extracted as the key to the AES algorithm. The Rcon of the AES algorithm is replaced with the elements of the probability distribution matrix. Then, the ascending order of the size of the clone probability distribution matrix scrambles the mapping rules of the S-box and ShiftRow transformations in the AES algorithm. The algorithm uses a probability distribution matrix and plaintext XOR operation to complete the preprocessing and uses the modified AES algorithm to complete the encryption process. The technology is based on simulation verification, including pixel correlation, histograms, differential attacks, noise attacks, information entropy, key sensitivity, and space. The results demonstrate a remarkable encryption effect. Compared with other improved AES algorithms, this algorithm has the advantages of the original AES algorithm and improves the ability to resist correlation attacks. |
| Author | Liu, Guangzhe Li, Wei Li, Zhuang Fan, Xingkui Wang, Yuxuan Ma, Hongyang |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 School of Information and Control Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; 202021050678@qut.edu.cn 1 School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; 202021060804@qut.edu.cn (G.L.); hdshx003@qut.edu.cn (X.F.); 201911060153@qut.edu.cn (Z.L.) 3 School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; 1929401105@stu.suda.edu.cn |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; 202021060804@qut.edu.cn (G.L.); hdshx003@qut.edu.cn (X.F.); 201911060153@qut.edu.cn (Z.L.) – name: 3 School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; 1929401105@stu.suda.edu.cn – name: 2 School of Information and Control Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; 202021050678@qut.edu.cn |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Guangzhe surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Guangzhe – sequence: 2 givenname: Wei surname: Li fullname: Li, Wei – sequence: 3 givenname: Xingkui surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Xingkui – sequence: 4 givenname: Zhuang surname: Li fullname: Li, Zhuang – sequence: 5 givenname: Yuxuan orcidid: 0000-0002-1986-9043 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yuxuan – sequence: 6 givenname: Hongyang orcidid: 0000-0002-2680-5099 surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Hongyang |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.chaos.2019.109395 10.1088/2040-8978/15/10/105405 10.12783/dtcse/cece2017/14444 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.032326 10.1007/978-3-540-77566-9_1 10.1137/S0097539705447311 10.1016/j.physa.2004.02.061 10.1016/j.sigpro.2020.107684 10.1016/j.physa.2019.123869 10.1109/ICEIE.2010.5559902 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.026113 10.1364/AO.52.006170 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.052307 10.1016/j.sigpro.2018.09.029 10.1023/A:1023413713008 10.1007/s11227-019-02878-7 10.1016/j.cma.2020.113609 10.1007/s11071-013-0832-9 10.1364/OL.38.001289 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106403 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.032307 10.1016/j.sigpro.2011.10.023 10.3390/app11031329 10.1364/OE.21.019395 10.1145/780542.780552 10.1016/j.physa.2004.08.070 10.1063/1.5012145 10.1088/1674-1056/22/11/110312 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.042302 10.1063/1.3002335 10.1016/j.sigpro.2021.108041 10.1016/j.cie.2021.107250 10.1016/j.optcom.2012.10.080 10.1145/992287.992296 10.1016/j.cnsns.2012.05.033 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.020301 |
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| SubjectTerms | advanced encryption standard Algorithms chaotic scramble Data encryption discrete-time alternating quantum walk Entropy (Information theory) Histograms image encryption keystream generator Optimization Probability distribution Walking |
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| Title | An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Discrete-Time Alternating Quantum Walk and Advanced Encryption Standard |
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