Instant messaging, literacies, and social identities
This Study examined the functions of Instant Messaging (IM) among seven youths who regularly used this digital technology in their daily lives. Grounded in theories of literacy as a social and semiotic practice, this research asked what functions IM served in participants' lives and how their s...
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| Published in | Reading research quarterly Vol. 40; no. 4; pp. 470 - 501 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.10.2005
International Reading Association |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0034-0553 1936-2722 |
| DOI | 10.1598/RRQ.40.4.5 |
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| Abstract | This Study examined the functions of Instant Messaging (IM) among seven youths who regularly used this digital technology in their daily lives. Grounded in theories of literacy as a social and semiotic practice, this research asked what functions IM served in participants' lives and how their social identities shaped and were shaped by this form of digital literacy. To answer these questions, we conducted interviews and videotaped IM sessions, adapting a verbal reporting procedure to document the IM strategies used. Data analysis involved using qualitative coding procedures informed by grounded theory (Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990), which led to three patterns related to the functions of IM: language use, social networks, and surveillance. On the level of language use, participants manipulated the tone, voice, word choice, and subject matter of their messages to fit their communication needs, negotiating multiple narratives in the process. On the level of social networks, they designed their practice to enhance social relationships and statuses across contexts. And on the level of surveillance, they circulated texts across buddies, combated unwanted messages, assumed alternative identities, and overcame restrictions to their online communication. These functions revealed that the technological and social affordances of IM, particularly related to patterns of circulation and the hybrid nature of textuality, give rise to a performative and multivoiced social subject. Based on our findings, we discuss new conceptual directions for envisioning the teaching and learning of literacy in digitally mediated times. /// [Spanish] Este Estudio examinó la funciones de la tecnologfa de los mensajes instantineos (IM) entre siete jóvenes que usaban regularmente esta tecnología en su vida cotidiana. Sobre la base de las teorias de la alfabetización como una práctica social y semibtica, esta invesrigación se preguntó qué funciones cumplía IM en las vidas de los participantes y cómo su identidad social conformaba y era conformada por esta forma de alfabetización digital. Para responder a estas preguntas, condujimos entrevistas y grabamos en video sesiones de IM, adaptando un protocolo de registro verbal para documentar las estrategias de IM usadas. El análisis de los datos incluyó procedimientos de codificación cualitativa basados en la teoria fundamentada ("grounded theory," Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990) que condujo a tres patrones relacionados con las funciones de IM: uso del lenguaje, redes sociales y vigilancia. En cuanto al uso del lenguaje, los participantes manipularon el tono, antesm anioularon el tono, la voz, la elección de palabras y el tema de los mensajes para satisfacer sus necesidades comunicativas, negociando narrativas múltiples en el proceso. En el plano de las redes sociales, disefiaron su pdctica para promover relaciones sociales y estatus en los distintos contextos. Finalmente en el nivel de la vigilancia, hicieron circular textos entre amigos, deshecharon mensajes no deseados, asumieron identidades alternativas y superaron restricciones a la comunicación online? Estas funciones revelaron que los recursos tecnológicos y sociales de IM, relacionados particularmente a patrones de circulación, asi como la naturaleza hibrida de la textualidad, dan lugar a un sujeto social performativo y con diversas voces. Basados en nuestros hallazgos, discutimos nuevas direcciones conceptuales para concebir la ensefianza y el aprendizaje de la alfabetizacibn en los tiempos mediados por la digitalización. /// [German] Diese Studie untersuchte die Funktionen von Instant Messaging (IM) unter sieben Jugendlichen, die regelmäßig diese digitale Technologic in ihrem täglichen Leben benuaten. Fundiert in Theorien der Schreib- und Leseausbildung als soziale und semiotische Praxis, befragte diese Forschung welche Funktionen IM dem Leben der Teilnehmer diente und wie sich durch diese Form des digitalen Schreibens und Lesens ihre sozialen Identitaten gestalteten und sie geprägt wurden. Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, führten wir Interviews und Videoaufieichnungen der IM Treffen durch, indem wir eine mundliche Berichterstattung zum Dokumentieren der agewandten IM Strategien festlegten. Die Datenanalyse umfaßte die Anwendung qualitativer Kodierungsprozesse, instruiert durch grundlegende Theorien (Strauss, 1987, Strauss & Corbin, 1990), welche zu drei Verhaltensmustern bezogen auf die Funktionen von IM führten: Sprachgebrauch, soziale Verknüpfungen, sowie Kontrollübersichr. Auf der Ebene der Sprachanwendung manipulierten die Teilnehmer Ton, Stimme, Wortwahl und Thema ihrer Mitteilungen in Anpassung ihrer Kommunikationsbedurfnisse, in deren Verlauf sie vielschichtige Schilderungen umsetzten. Sie gestalteten ihre Verhaltensweisen auf der Ebene sozialer Verknüpfungen zur Festigung sozialer Baiehungen und Statusverbesserungen quer durch die Kontexte. Und im Bereich der Kontrollübersicht verbreiteten sie Texte untereinander zwischen Freunden, bekampften unenvunschte Mitteilungen, nahmen altenative Identitäten an und überwanden Einschränkungen ihrer Online- Kommunikation. Diese Funktionen elgaben, daß die technologischen und sozialen Möglichkeiten von IM, besonders bezogen auf Verbreitungsmuster und der Zwitterart in der Textualisierung, auf einen leistungssteigernden und vielstimmigen sozialen Inhalt schließen lassen. Basiernd auf unsere Erkenntnisse, diskutieren wir neu konzipierte Richtlinien für zukünftiges Unrerrichten und Erlernen des Schreibens und Lesens in digital-mediabezogenen Zeiten. /// [Japanese] 本研究は、日常生活でイ ンスタント・メッセージ ングくIM)を定期的に使 用する若者7 人間でそのデ ジタルテクノロジーの機 能を調ペた。社会的且つ 記号的実践としてのリテ ラシーの理論に基礎を置 き、本研究は、参加者の 生活でIM がどのような役 割を果たしていたのか、ま た彼らの社会的アイデン ティティーズが、どのよ うにこの形態のデジタル リテラ シーを形作り、そ れによってどのように形 作られるのかを問うた。 こうした疑問に答えを見 出すため、インタビュー を行い、IM の様子をビデオ 撮影し、使用されたIM 方略 に関して証拠を提供する ため、言葉による報告手 順を改作した。データ分 析は、データに根ざした 理論(Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin,1990)に基づいた質的符 号化手順を含み、その結果、言語使用、社会的 ネットワーク、監視というIMに関連した 3 つのパターンに至った。言語使用のレべルにお いて、参加者達は、自分達のコミュニケーションニーズ に適応するためにメッセージのトー ン、ボイス、単語選択、そして内容を操作し、その過程 で多重ナラティブを交渉した。社会 的ネットワークのレべノレにおいて、彼らは、状況を越 えて社会的関係や地位を高めるために、 自分達の実践を設計した。そして、監視のレべルにおい て、彼らは、仲間を越えテキストを 回し、不必要なメッセージに抵抗し、別のアイデンティ ティーズを装い、オンラインコミュ ニケーションへの制限を克服した。こうした機能は、IM の技術的及び社会的アフオーダンス、 特に循環のパターンとテキスト性の混清的性質に関連し たものが、遂行的で多重声を持っ社 会的主体を生み出す。こうした結果に基づき、私達は、 デジタルによって媒介された時代に おけるリテラシーの教授と学習を描くための新しい概念 的方向を議論する。 /// [French] CETTE ÉTUDE porte sur les fonctions de la messagerie instantanée (MI) chez sept jeunes qui utilisent régulière- ment cette technologie numérique dans leur vie de tous les jours. Cette recherche, qui repose sur les théories de la littératie en tant que pratique sociale et sémiotique, interroge les fonctions de la MI dans la vie des participants et la façon dont leur identité sociale façonne et est façonnée par cette forme de littératie numérique. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons conduit des entretiens et vidéoscopé des séquences de MI, en adaptant une procédure de rapport verbal pour avoir des informations sur les stratégies de MI utilisées. L'analyse des données comportait l'utilisation de procédures de codage qualitatif reposant sur les théories de référence (Strauss, 1987 ; Strauss & Corbin, 1990), ce qui a fait apparaître trois patrons liés aux fonctions de la MI: l'utilisation du langage, les réseaux sociaux, et la surveillance. Au niveau de l'utilisation du langage, les participants manipulent le ron, la voix, le choix des mots et le contenu de leurs messages pour s'adapter à leurs besoins de communication, en négociant des histoires multiples dans ce processus. Au nivieau des réseaux sociaux, ils organisent leurs pratiques de sorte à améliorer leurs relations et leurs positions sociales selon le contexte. Et, au niveau de la surveillanc, ils font circuler des textes entre copains, combattent les messages indésirables, assument des indentités alternatives, et viennent à bout des restrictions relatives à leur communication directe. Ces fonctions révèlent que les apports technologiques et sociaux de la MI, liés particulièrement; aux patrons de circulation et à la nature hybride de la textualità, donnent naissance à un sujet social performant et pluriel. A partir de ces résultats, nous discutons de nouvelles directions conceptuelles pour envisager l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de la littératie en ce temps de médiation numérique. /// [Russian] Наст оящее ис сΛеАован ие посвя щено общ ению с п омощыо м гновенны х сообще ний (Instant Messaging - IM) семи моΛоАых АюАей, которые испоΛьзу ют эту ц ифровую техноΛог ию ежеАн евно. На основе т еории гр амотност и как со щиаΛьной и семио тической практик и рассма триваΛис ь вопросы: какую функцию выпоΛняе т ІМ в ж изни уча стников иссΛеАов ания и к ак форми руется и х Λичност ь с помо щью этой формы г рамотнос ти. Чтоб ы ответи ть на эт и вопрос ы, мы пр овеΛи инт ервью и АеΛаΛи в иАеосъем ку общен ия в "ас ьке" со провожАа я ее уст ным комм ентарием, описыва ющим стр атегии, которые испоΛьзу ют участ ники ІМ общения. АнаΛиз поΛученн ых Аанны х вкΛючаΛ в себя испоΛьзо вание ка чественн ых проце Аур коАи рования, омеющих серьезн ое теорет ическое обоснова ие (Strauss, 1987; Strauss и Corbin, 1990). В ит оге, фун кции IM быΛи поАр азАеΛены на три группы: испоΛьзо вание яз ыка, соц иаΛизаци я и отсΛ еживание происхо Аящего. В пΛане и споΛьзов ания язы ка участ ники ман ипуΛиров аΛи инто нациеи, настроен ием, выб ором сΛо в и тема тикой св оих сооб щений в соответс твии ком муникаци онными п отребнос тями, об щаясьоАн овременн о с разн ыми ΛюАь ми. В пΛ ане соци аΛьных с вязей он и Аейств оваΛи та к, чтобы упрочит ь свои со циаΛьные отношен ия и ста тус в ра зных кон текстах. В пΛане отсΛежи вания пр оисхоАящ его, они пересыΛа Λи текст ы своим приятеΛя м, бороΛ ись с не жеΛатеΛь ными соо бщениями, писаΛи от чужог о Λица и преоАоΛ еваΛи ог раничени я в он-Λ айн связ и. Эти ф ункции І М показа Λи, что техноΛог ические и социаΛ ьные воз можности такого общения, особ |
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| AbstractList | This study examined the functions of Instant Messaging (IM) among seven youths who regularly used this digital technology in their daily lives. Grounded in theories of literacy as a social and semiotic practice, this research asked what functions IM served in participants' lives and how their social identities shaped and were shaped by this form of digital literacy. To answer these questions, we conducted interviews and videotaped IM sessions, adapting a verbal reporting procedure to document the IM strategies used. Data analysis involved using qualitative coding procedures informed by grounded theory (Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990), which led to three patterns related to the functions of IM: language use, social networks, and surveillance. On the level of language use, participants manipulated the tone, voice, word choice, and subject matter of their messages to fit their communication needs, negotiating multiple narratives in the process. On the level of social networks, they designed their practice to enhance social relationships and statuses across contexts. And on the level of surveillance, they circulated texts across buddies, combated unwanted messages, assumed alternative identities, and overcame restrictions to their online communication. These functions revealed that the technological and social affordances of IM, particularly related to patterns of circulation and the hybrid nature of textuality, give rise to a performative and multivoiced social subject. Based on our findings, we discuss new conceptual directions for envisioning the teaching and learning of literacy in digitally mediated times. (Contains 2 tables.) ABSTRACTS This study examined the functions of Instant Messaging (IM) among seven youths who regularly used this digital technology in their daily lives. Grounded in theories of literacy as a social and semiotic practice, this research asked what functions IM served in participants' lives and how their social identities shaped and were shaped by this form of digital literacy. To answer these questions, we conducted interviews and videotaped IM sessions, adapting a verbal reporting procedure to document the IM strategies used. Data analysis involved using qualitative coding procedures informed by grounded theory (Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990), which led to three patterns related to the functions of IM: language use, social networks, and surveillance. On the level of language use, participants manipulated the tone, voice, word choice, and subject matter of their messages to fit their communication needs, negotiating multiple narratives in the process. On the level of social networks, they designed their practice to enhance social relationships and statuses across contexts. And on the level of surveillance, they circulated texts across buddies, combated unwanted messages, assumed alternative identities, and overcame restrictions to their online communication. These functions revealed that the technological and social affordances of IM, particularly related to patterns of circulation and the hybrid nature of textuality, give rise to a performative and multivoiced social subject. Based on our findings, we discuss new conceptual directions for envisioning the teaching and learning of literacy in digitally mediated times. Este estudio examinó la funciones de la tecnología de los mensajes instantáneos (IM) entre siete jóvenes que usaban regularmente esta tecnología en su vida cotidiana. Sobre la base de las teorías de la alfabetización como una práctica social y semiótica, esta investigación se preguntó qué funciones cumplía IM en las vidas de los participantes y cómo su identidad social conformaba y era conformada por esta forma de alfabetización digital. Para responder a estas preguntas, condujimos entrevistas y grabamos en video sesiones de IM, adaptando un protocolo de registro verbal para documentar las estrategias de IM usadas. El análisis de los datos incluyó procedimientos de codificación cualitativa basados en la teoría fundamentada (“grounded theory,” Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990) que condujo a tres patrones relacionados con las funciones de IM: uso del lenguaje, redes sociales y vigilancia. En cuanto al uso del lenguaje, los participantes manipularon el tono, la voz, la elección de palabras y el tema de los mensajes para satisfacer sus necesidades comunicativas, negociando narrativas múltiples en el proceso. En el plano de las redes sociales, diseñaron su práctica para promover relaciones sociales y estatus en los distintos contextos. Finalmente en el nivel de la vigilancia, hicieron circular textos entre amigos, deshecharon mensajes no deseados, asumieron identidades alternativas y superaron restricciones a la comunicación online? Estas funciones revelaron que los recursos tecnológicos y sociales de IM, relacionados particularmente a patrones de circulación, así como la naturaleza híbrida de la textualidad, dan lugar a un sujeto social performativo y con diversas voces. Basados en nuestros hallazgos, discutimos nuevas direcciones conceptuales para concebir la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la alfabetización en los tiempos mediados por la digitalización. Diese Studie untersuchte die Funktionen von Instant Messaging (IM) unter sieben Jugendlichen, die regelmäßig diese digitale Technologie in ihrem täglichen Leben benutzten. Fundiert in Theorien der Schreib‐ und Leseausbildung als soziale und semiotische Praxis, befragte diese Forschung welche Funktionen IM dem Leben der Teilnehmer diente und wie sich durch diese Form des digitalen Schreibens und Lesens ihre sozialen Identitäten gestalteten und sie geprägt wurden. Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, führten wir Interviews und Videoaufzeichnungen der IM Treffen durch, indem wir eine mündliche Berichterstattung zum Dokumentieren der angewandten IM Strategien festlegten. Die Datenanalyse umfaßte die Anwendung qualitativer Kodierungsprozesse, instruiert durch grundlegende Theorien (Strauss, 1987, Strauss & Corbin, 1990), welche zu drei Verhaltensmustern bezogen auf die Funktionen von IM führten: Sprachgebrauch, soziale Verknüpfungen, sowie Kontrollübersicht. Auf der Ebene der Sprachanwendung manipulierten die Teilnehmer Ton, Stimme, Wortwahl und Thema ihrer Mitteilungen in Anpassung ihrer Kommunikationsbedürfnisse, in deren Verlauf sie vielschichtige Schilderungen umsetzten. Sie gestalteten ihre Verhaltensweisen auf der Ebene sozialer Verknüpfungen zur Festigung sozialer Beziehungen und Statusverbesserungen quer durch die Kontexte. Und im Bereich der Kontrollübersicht verbreiteten sie Texte untereinander zwischen Freunden, bekämpften unerwünschte Mitteilungen, nahmen altenative Identitäten an und überwanden Einschränkungen ihrer Online‐Kommunikation. Diese Funktionen ergaben, daß die technologischen und sozialen Möglichkeiten von IM, besonders bezogen auf Verbreitungsmuster und der Zwitterart in der Textualisierung, auf einen leistungssteigernden und vielstimmigen sozialen Inhalt schließen lassen. Basiernd auf unsere Erkenntnisse, diskutieren wir neu konzipierte Richtlinien für zukünftiges Unterrichten und Erlernen des Schreibens und Lesens in digital‐mediabezogenen Zeiten. Cette étude porte sur les fonctions de la messagerie instantanée (MI) chez sept jeunes qui utilisent régulièrement cette technologie numérique dans leur vie de tous les jours. Cette recherche, qui repose sur les théories de la littératie en tant que pratique sociale et sémiotique, interroge les fonctions de la MI dans la vie des participants et la façon dont leur identité sociale façonne et est façonnée par cette forme de littératie numérique. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons conduit des entretiens et vidéoscopé des séquences de MI, en adaptant une procédure de rapport verbal pour avoir des informations sur les stratégies de MI utilisées. L'analyse des données comportait l'utilisation de procédures de codage qualitatif reposant sur les théories de référence (Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990), ce qui a fait apparaître trois patrons liés aux fonctions de la MI: l'utilisation du langage, les réseaux sociaux, et la surveillance. Au niveau de l'utilisation du langage, les participants manipulent le ton, la voix, le choix des mots et le contenu de leurs messages pour s'adapter à leurs besoins de communication, en négociant des histoires multiples dans ce processus. Au niveau des réseaux sociaux, ils organisent leurs pratiques de sorte à améliorer leurs relations et leurs positions sociales selon le contexte. Et, au niveau de la surveillance, ils font circuler des textes entre copains, combattent les messages indésirables, assument des identités alternatives, et viennent à bout des restrictions relatives à leur communication directe. Ces fonctions révèlent que les apports technologiques et sociaux de la MI, liés particulièrement aux patrons de circulation et à la nature hybride de la textualité, donnent naissance à un sujet social performant et pluriel. A partir de ces résultats, nous discutons de nouvelles directions conceptuelles pour envisager l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de la littératie en ce temps de médiation numérique. This study examined the functions of Instant Messaging (IM) among seven youths who regularly used this digital technology in their daily lives. Grounded in theories of literacy as a social & semiotic practice, this research asked what functions IM served in participants' lives & how their social identities shaped & were shaped by this form of digital literacy. To answer these questions, we conducted interviews & videotaped IM sessions, adapting a verbal reporting procedure to document the IM strategies used. Data analysis involved using qualitative coding procedures informed by grounded theory (Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990), which led to three patterns related to the functions of IM: language use, social networks, & surveillance. On the level of language use, participants manipulated the tone, voice, word choice, & subject matter of their messages to fit their communication needs, negotiating multiple narratives in the process. On the level of social networks, they designed their practice to enhance social relationships & statuses across contexts, & on the level of surveillance, they circulated texts across buddies, combated unwanted messages, assumed alternative identities, & overcame restrictions to their online communication. These functions revealed that the technological & social affordances of IM, particularly related to patterns of circulation & the hybrid nature of textuality, give rise to a performative & multivoiced social subject. Based on our findings, we discuss new conceptual directions for envisioning the teaching & learning of literacy in digitally mediated times. 2 Tables, 82 References. Adapted from the source document This Study examined the functions of Instant Messaging (IM) among seven youths who regularly used this digital technology in their daily lives. Grounded in theories of literacy as a social and semiotic practice, this research asked what functions IM served in participants' lives and how their social identities shaped and were shaped by this form of digital literacy. To answer these questions, we conducted interviews and videotaped IM sessions, adapting a verbal reporting procedure to document the IM strategies used. Data analysis involved using qualitative coding procedures informed by grounded theory (Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990), which led to three patterns related to the functions of IM: language use, social networks, and surveillance. On the level of language use, participants manipulated the tone, voice, word choice, and subject matter of their messages to fit their communication needs, negotiating multiple narratives in the process. On the level of social networks, they designed their practice to enhance social relationships and statuses across contexts. And on the level of surveillance, they circulated texts across buddies, combated unwanted messages, assumed alternative identities, and overcame restrictions to their online communication. These functions revealed that the technological and social affordances of IM, particularly related to patterns of circulation and the hybrid nature of textuality, give rise to a performative and multivoiced social subject. Based on our findings, we discuss new conceptual directions for envisioning the teaching and learning of literacy in digitally mediated times. /// [Spanish] Este Estudio examinó la funciones de la tecnologfa de los mensajes instantineos (IM) entre siete jóvenes que usaban regularmente esta tecnología en su vida cotidiana. Sobre la base de las teorias de la alfabetización como una práctica social y semibtica, esta invesrigación se preguntó qué funciones cumplía IM en las vidas de los participantes y cómo su identidad social conformaba y era conformada por esta forma de alfabetización digital. Para responder a estas preguntas, condujimos entrevistas y grabamos en video sesiones de IM, adaptando un protocolo de registro verbal para documentar las estrategias de IM usadas. El análisis de los datos incluyó procedimientos de codificación cualitativa basados en la teoria fundamentada ("grounded theory," Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990) que condujo a tres patrones relacionados con las funciones de IM: uso del lenguaje, redes sociales y vigilancia. En cuanto al uso del lenguaje, los participantes manipularon el tono, antesm anioularon el tono, la voz, la elección de palabras y el tema de los mensajes para satisfacer sus necesidades comunicativas, negociando narrativas múltiples en el proceso. En el plano de las redes sociales, disefiaron su pdctica para promover relaciones sociales y estatus en los distintos contextos. Finalmente en el nivel de la vigilancia, hicieron circular textos entre amigos, deshecharon mensajes no deseados, asumieron identidades alternativas y superaron restricciones a la comunicación online? Estas funciones revelaron que los recursos tecnológicos y sociales de IM, relacionados particularmente a patrones de circulación, asi como la naturaleza hibrida de la textualidad, dan lugar a un sujeto social performativo y con diversas voces. Basados en nuestros hallazgos, discutimos nuevas direcciones conceptuales para concebir la ensefianza y el aprendizaje de la alfabetizacibn en los tiempos mediados por la digitalización. /// [German] Diese Studie untersuchte die Funktionen von Instant Messaging (IM) unter sieben Jugendlichen, die regelmäßig diese digitale Technologic in ihrem täglichen Leben benuaten. Fundiert in Theorien der Schreib- und Leseausbildung als soziale und semiotische Praxis, befragte diese Forschung welche Funktionen IM dem Leben der Teilnehmer diente und wie sich durch diese Form des digitalen Schreibens und Lesens ihre sozialen Identitaten gestalteten und sie geprägt wurden. Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, führten wir Interviews und Videoaufieichnungen der IM Treffen durch, indem wir eine mundliche Berichterstattung zum Dokumentieren der agewandten IM Strategien festlegten. Die Datenanalyse umfaßte die Anwendung qualitativer Kodierungsprozesse, instruiert durch grundlegende Theorien (Strauss, 1987, Strauss & Corbin, 1990), welche zu drei Verhaltensmustern bezogen auf die Funktionen von IM führten: Sprachgebrauch, soziale Verknüpfungen, sowie Kontrollübersichr. Auf der Ebene der Sprachanwendung manipulierten die Teilnehmer Ton, Stimme, Wortwahl und Thema ihrer Mitteilungen in Anpassung ihrer Kommunikationsbedurfnisse, in deren Verlauf sie vielschichtige Schilderungen umsetzten. Sie gestalteten ihre Verhaltensweisen auf der Ebene sozialer Verknüpfungen zur Festigung sozialer Baiehungen und Statusverbesserungen quer durch die Kontexte. Und im Bereich der Kontrollübersicht verbreiteten sie Texte untereinander zwischen Freunden, bekampften unenvunschte Mitteilungen, nahmen altenative Identitäten an und überwanden Einschränkungen ihrer Online- Kommunikation. Diese Funktionen elgaben, daß die technologischen und sozialen Möglichkeiten von IM, besonders bezogen auf Verbreitungsmuster und der Zwitterart in der Textualisierung, auf einen leistungssteigernden und vielstimmigen sozialen Inhalt schließen lassen. Basiernd auf unsere Erkenntnisse, diskutieren wir neu konzipierte Richtlinien für zukünftiges Unrerrichten und Erlernen des Schreibens und Lesens in digital-mediabezogenen Zeiten. /// [Japanese] 本研究は、日常生活でイ ンスタント・メッセージ ングくIM)を定期的に使 用する若者7 人間でそのデ ジタルテクノロジーの機 能を調ペた。社会的且つ 記号的実践としてのリテ ラシーの理論に基礎を置 き、本研究は、参加者の 生活でIM がどのような役 割を果たしていたのか、ま た彼らの社会的アイデン ティティーズが、どのよ うにこの形態のデジタル リテラ シーを形作り、そ れによってどのように形 作られるのかを問うた。 こうした疑問に答えを見 出すため、インタビュー を行い、IM の様子をビデオ 撮影し、使用されたIM 方略 に関して証拠を提供する ため、言葉による報告手 順を改作した。データ分 析は、データに根ざした 理論(Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin,1990)に基づいた質的符 号化手順を含み、その結果、言語使用、社会的 ネットワーク、監視というIMに関連した 3 つのパターンに至った。言語使用のレべルにお いて、参加者達は、自分達のコミュニケーションニーズ に適応するためにメッセージのトー ン、ボイス、単語選択、そして内容を操作し、その過程 で多重ナラティブを交渉した。社会 的ネットワークのレべノレにおいて、彼らは、状況を越 えて社会的関係や地位を高めるために、 自分達の実践を設計した。そして、監視のレべルにおい て、彼らは、仲間を越えテキストを 回し、不必要なメッセージに抵抗し、別のアイデンティ ティーズを装い、オンラインコミュ ニケーションへの制限を克服した。こうした機能は、IM の技術的及び社会的アフオーダンス、 特に循環のパターンとテキスト性の混清的性質に関連し たものが、遂行的で多重声を持っ社 会的主体を生み出す。こうした結果に基づき、私達は、 デジタルによって媒介された時代に おけるリテラシーの教授と学習を描くための新しい概念 的方向を議論する。 /// [French] CETTE ÉTUDE porte sur les fonctions de la messagerie instantanée (MI) chez sept jeunes qui utilisent régulière- ment cette technologie numérique dans leur vie de tous les jours. Cette recherche, qui repose sur les théories de la littératie en tant que pratique sociale et sémiotique, interroge les fonctions de la MI dans la vie des participants et la façon dont leur identité sociale façonne et est façonnée par cette forme de littératie numérique. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons conduit des entretiens et vidéoscopé des séquences de MI, en adaptant une procédure de rapport verbal pour avoir des informations sur les stratégies de MI utilisées. L'analyse des données comportait l'utilisation de procédures de codage qualitatif reposant sur les théories de référence (Strauss, 1987 ; Strauss & Corbin, 1990), ce qui a fait apparaître trois patrons liés aux fonctions de la MI: l'utilisation du langage, les réseaux sociaux, et la surveillance. Au niveau de l'utilisation du langage, les participants manipulent le ron, la voix, le choix des mots et le contenu de leurs messages pour s'adapter à leurs besoins de communication, en négociant des histoires multiples dans ce processus. Au nivieau des réseaux sociaux, ils organisent leurs pratiques de sorte à améliorer leurs relations et leurs positions sociales selon le contexte. Et, au niveau de la surveillanc, ils font circuler des textes entre copains, combattent les messages indésirables, assument des indentités alternatives, et viennent à bout des restrictions relatives à leur communication directe. Ces fonctions révèlent que les apports technologiques et sociaux de la MI, liés particulièrement; aux patrons de circulation et à la nature hybride de la textualità, donnent naissance à un sujet social performant et pluriel. A partir de ces résultats, nous discutons de nouvelles directions conceptuelles pour envisager l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de la littératie en ce temps de médiation numérique. /// [Russian] Наст оящее ис сΛеАован ие посвя щено общ ению с п омощыо м гновенны х сообще ний (Instant Messaging - IM) семи моΛоАых АюАей, которые испоΛьзу ют эту ц ифровую техноΛог ию ежеАн евно. На основе т еории гр амотност и как со щиаΛьной и семио тической практик и рассма триваΛис ь вопросы: какую функцию выпоΛняе т ІМ в ж изни уча стников иссΛеАов ания и к ак форми руется и х Λичност ь с помо щью этой формы г рамотнос ти. Чтоб ы ответи ть на эт и вопрос ы, мы пр овеΛи инт ервью и АеΛаΛи в иАеосъем ку общен ия в "ас ьке" со провожАа я ее уст ным комм ентарием, описыва ющим стр атегии, которые испоΛьзу ют участ ники ІМ общения. АнаΛиз поΛученн ых Аанны х вкΛючаΛ в себя испоΛьзо вание ка чественн ых проце Аур коАи рования, омеющих серьезн ое теорет ическое обоснова ие (Strauss, 1987; Strauss и Corbin, 1990). В ит оге, фун кции IM быΛи поАр азАеΛены на три группы: испоΛьзо вание яз ыка, соц иаΛизаци я и отсΛ еживание происхо Аящего. В пΛане и споΛьзов ания язы ка участ ники ман ипуΛиров аΛи инто нациеи, настроен ием, выб ором сΛо в и тема тикой св оих сооб щений в соответс твии ком муникаци онными п отребнос тями, об щаясьоАн овременн о с разн ыми ΛюАь ми. В пΛ ане соци аΛьных с вязей он и Аейств оваΛи та к, чтобы упрочит ь свои со циаΛьные отношен ия и ста тус в ра зных кон текстах. В пΛане отсΛежи вания пр оисхоАящ его, они пересыΛа Λи текст ы своим приятеΛя м, бороΛ ись с не жеΛатеΛь ными соо бщениями, писаΛи от чужог о Λица и преоАоΛ еваΛи ог раничени я в он-Λ айн связ и. Эти ф ункции І М показа Λи, что техноΛог ические и социаΛ ьные воз можности такого общения, особ THIS STUDY examined the functions of Instant Messaging (IM) among seven youths who regularly used this digital technology in their daily lives. Grounded in theories of literacy as a social and semiotic practice, this research asked what functions IM served in participants' lives and how their social identities shaped and were shaped by this form of digital literacy. To answer these questions, we conducted interviews and videotaped IM sessions, adapting a verbal reporting procedure to document the IM strategies used. Data analysis involved using qualitative coding procedures informed by grounded theory (Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990), which led to three patterns related to the functions of IM: language use, social networks, and surveillance. On the level of language use, participants manipulated the tone, voice, word choice, and subject matter of their messages to fit their communication needs, negotiating multiple narratives in the process. On the level of social networks, they designed their practice to enhance social relationships and statuses across contexts. And on the level of surveillance, they circulated texts across buddies, combated unwanted messages, assumed alternative identities, and overcame restrictions to their online communication. These functions revealed that the technological and social affordances of IM, particularly related to patterns of circulation and the hybrid nature of textuality, give rise to a performative and multivoiced social subject. Based on our findings, we discuss new conceptual directions for envisioning the teaching and learning of literacy in digitally mediated times. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | FABOS, BETTINA LEWIS, CYNTHIA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: CYNTHIA surname: LEWIS fullname: LEWIS, CYNTHIA organization: University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: BETTINA surname: FABOS fullname: FABOS, BETTINA organization: Miami University Oxford Ohio, USA |
| BackLink | http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ738000$$DView record in ERIC http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17166695$$DView record in Pascal Francis |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright 2005 International Reading Association 2005 International Reading Association 2006 INIST-CNRS Copyright International Reading Association Oct-Dec 2005 |
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| DOI | 10.1598/RRQ.40.4.5 |
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| Keywords | Electronic Mail Written Expression Internet Identity Literacy Communication |
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| Notes | istex:D280798C72C48790FFA0850F704BD45DA7E162AF ArticleID:RRQ265 ark:/67375/WNG-Z7DNH091-H Cynthia Lewis is professor of literacy education at the University of Minnesota. She is interested in how literacy practices are shaped by social identities and the politics of classrooms and communities. Her research applies this interest to studies of teachers' and adolescents' responses to literature as well as young people's digital literacy practices. Chapters on digital literacy are forthcoming in the Handbook on Teaching Literacy Through the Communicative, Visual and Performing Arts (Erlbaum) and in the Encyclopedia of Children, Adolescents, and the Media (Sage). She is coeditor (with Patricia Enciso and Elizabeth Moje) of Identity, Agency, and Power: Reframing Sociocultural Research on Literacy (Erlbaum, forthcoming) and author of Literacy Practices as Social Acts: Power, Status, and Cultural Norms in the Classroom (Erlbaum, 2001), for which she has received the Edward B. Fry Book Award and the Thomas N. Urban Research Award. She currently serves on the executive board of the National Conference on Research in Language and Literacy. She can be contacted at the College of Education, University of Minnesota, 336 Peik Hall, 159 Pillsbury Drive, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455‐0208, USA, or by e‐mail at Bettina Fabos is an assistant professor of interactive media studies and journalism at Miami University of Ohio. She is the author of Wrong Turn on the Information Superhighway: Education and the Commercialization of the Internet (Teachers College Press, 2004) and has written extensively about Internet commercialization and the role of the Internet in education. Fabos is also the coauthor of a leading college textbook, Media and Culture (Bedford/St. Martin's, 2005), and she is currently working to expand the way media literacy is taught, both at the university level and in public schools. She can be contacted at Bachelor Hall 279, Miami University of Ohio, Oxford, OH 45056, USA, or by e‐mail at fabosbg@muohio.edu lewis@umn.edu ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
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| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd International Reading Association |
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| References_xml | – reference: Bolter, J., & Grusin, R. (2000). Remediation: Understanding new media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. – reference: Bourdieu, P. (1997). Pascalian meditations (R. Nice, Trans.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. – reference: Luke, A. (1992). The body literate: Discourse and inscription in early literacy training. Linguistics and Education, 4, 107-129. – reference: Afflerbach, P. (1990). The influence of prior knowledge and text genre on readers' prediction strategies. Journal of Reading Behavior, 22, 141-148. – reference: Alvermann, D.E. (2002). Adolescents and literacies in a digital world. New York: Peter Lang. – reference: Heath, S.B. (1983). Ways with words: Language, life and work in communities and classrooms. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. – reference: Loizeaux, E., & Fraistat, N. (2002). Reimagining textuality: Textual studies in the late age of print. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. – reference: Sumara, D.J. (2002). Why reading literature in school still matters: Imagination, interpretation, insight. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. – reference: Wellman, B. (2001). Physical place and cyberplace: The rise of personalized networking. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 25, 227-252. – reference: Luke, A., & Luke, C. (2004). Adolescence lost/childhood regained: On early intervention and the emergence of the techno-subject. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 1, 91-120. – reference: Street, B.V. (1995). Social literacies: Critical approaches to literacy in development, ethnography and education. London: Longman. – reference: Burbules, N.C., & Callister, T.A. (2000). Watch it: The risks and promises of information technologies for education. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. – reference: Leander, K.M., & McKim, K. (2003). Tracing the everyday "sitings" of adolescents on the Internet: A strategic adaptation of ethnography across online and offline spaces. Education, Communication, & Information, 3, 211-240. – reference: Marshall, J.D., Smagorinsky, P., & Smith, M.W. (1995). The language of interpretation: Patterns of discourse in discussions of literature. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. – reference: Wellman, B. (2004). The three ages of Internet studies: Ten, five and zero years ago. New Media and Society, 6, 123-129. – reference: Barton, D., Hamilton, M., & Ivanic, R. (Eds.). (2000). Situated literacies: Reading and writing in context. New York: Routledge. – reference: U.S. Department of Commerce. (2002). A nation online. Washington, DC: Author. [http:www.ntia.doc.govreportsanol] – reference: Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the screen: Identity in the age of the Internet. New York: Simon & Schuster. – reference: Luke, C. (2003). Pedagogy, connectivity, multimodalilty, and interdisciplinarity. Reading Research Quarterly, 38, 397-403. – reference: Jacobs, G. (2004). Complicating contexts: Issues of methodology in researching the language and literacies of instant messaging. Reading Research Quarterly, 39, 394-407. – reference: Lankshear, C., & Snyder, I. (with Green, B.). (2000). Teachers and technoliteracy: Managing literacy, technology and learning in schools. St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin. – reference: Snyder, I. (1997). Page to screen: Taking literacy into the electronic era. New York: Routledge. – reference: Luke, A. (1994). On reading and the sexual division of literacy. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 26, 361-381. – reference: Haas, C., & Flower, L. (1988). Rhetorical reading strategies and the construction of meaning. College Composition and Communication, 39, 167-183. – reference: Gumpert, G., & Drucker, S.J. (1998). The demise of privacy in a private world: From front porches to chat rooms. Communication Theory, 8, 408-425. – reference: Swiss, T. (2000). Unspun: Key concepts for understanding the World Wide Web. New York: New York University Press. – reference: Chandler-Olcott, K., & Mahar, D. (2003). "Tech-savviness" meets multiliteracies: Exploring adolescent girls' technology-mediated literacy practices. Reading Research Quarterly, 38, 356-385. – reference: Lankshear, C., & Knobel M. (2003). New literacies: Changing knowledge and classroom learning. Philadelphia: Open University Press. – reference: Kress, G. (1997). Before writing: Rethinking the paths to literacy. New York: Routledge. – reference: Florio-Ruane, S. (with de Tar, J.). (2001). Teacher education and cultural imagination: Autobiography, exchange, and narrative. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. – reference: Herring, S. (2004). Slouching toward the ordinary: Current trends in computer-mediated communication. New Media and Society, 6, 26-36. – reference: Bauman, R., & Briggs, C. (1990). Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. 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| Snippet | This Study examined the functions of Instant Messaging (IM) among seven youths who regularly used this digital technology in their daily lives. Grounded in... ABSTRACTS This study examined the functions of Instant Messaging (IM) among seven youths who regularly used this digital technology in their daily lives.... This study examined the functions of Instant Messaging (IM) among seven youths who regularly used this digital technology in their daily lives. Grounded in... THIS STUDY examined the functions of Instant Messaging (IM) among seven youths who regularly used this digital technology in their daily lives. Grounded in... |
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| SubjectTerms | adolescence Adolescents audience Case Studies Children & youth Communication (Thought Transfer) Community centers Computer Mediated Communication Computers Conversation Curriculum subjects: programmes and methods digital Digital divide Digital literacy Discourse Strategies early adolescence Educational Practices Educational sciences Electronic Mail genre grammar ICT Information Literacy Instant messaging Internet Interpersonal Behavior Interpersonal Relationship Interpersonal Relationships Interviews Language use learner Learning Literacy media mode Negotiation new Parents Popular culture purpose R&D Reading research Reading, writing Research & development Resistance (Psychology) Semiotics Social Functions of Language Social identity Social Networks spelling strategies Studies style Surveillance Teaching methods Tone topic type useage User names Voice writing Young Adults Youth |
| Title | Instant messaging, literacies, and social identities |
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