Improving EEG based brain computer interface emotion detection with EKO ALSTM model

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 20727 - 14
• Main Authors: Kanna, R. Kishore, Shoran, Preety, Yadav, Meenakshi, Ahmed, Mohammad Nadeem, Burje, Shrikant, Shukla, Garima, Sinha, Anurag, Hussain, Mohammad Rashid, Khalid, Saifullah
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.07.2025; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/114/1305; 631/114/2401; 631/114/2415; Adult; Algorithms; Brain - physiology; Brain-Computer Interfaces; Brain–computer interface (BCI); Discrete wavelet transform (DWT); Electroencephalogram (EEG); Electroencephalography - methods; Emotion detection; Emotions - physiology; Enhanced kookaburra optimized adjustable long short term memory (EKO-ALSTM); Female; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Male; multidisciplinary; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Discrete wavelet transform (DWT); Electroencephalogram (EEG); Enhanced kookaburra optimized adjustable long short term memory (EKO-ALSTM); Emotion detection; Brain–computer interface (BCI)
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-07438-z

Decoding signals from the CNS brain activity is done by a computer-based communication device called a BCI. In contrast, the system is considered compelling communication equipment enabling command, communication, and action without using neuromuscular or muscle channels. Various techniques for automatic emotion identification based on body language, speech, or facial expressions are nowadays in use. However, the monitoring of exterior emotions, which are easily manipulated, limits the applicability of these procedures. EEG-based emotion detection research might yield significant benefits for enhancing BCI application performance and user experience. To overcome these issues, this study proposed a novel EKO-ALSTM for emotion detection in EEG-based brain–computer interfaces. The proposed study comprises EEG-based signals that record the electrical activity of the brain connected to various emotional states, which are gathered as real-time acquired EEG signals for emotion detection. The data was pre-processed using a bandpass filter to remove unwanted frequency noise for the obtained data. Then, feature extraction is performed using DWT from pre-processed data. Specifically, the proposed approach is implemented using Python software. The proposed system and existing algorithms are compared using a variety of evaluation criteria, including specificity, F1 score, accuracy, recall or sensitivity, and positive predictive values or precision. The results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved better performance in EEG-based BCI emotion detection with an accuracy of 97.93%, a positive predictive value of 96.24%, a sensitivity of 97.81%, and a specificity of 97.75%. This study emphasizes that innovative approaches have significantly increased the accuracy of emotion identification when applied to EEG-based emotion recognition systems. Additionally, the findings suggest that integrating advanced machine learning techniques can further enhance the effectiveness and reliability of these systems in real-world applications, paving the way for more responsive and intuitive BCI technologies.