Visual-Tactile Spatial Multisensory Interaction in Adults With Autism and Schizophrenia
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit multisensory processing difficulties and social impairments, with growing evidence that the former contributes to the latter. However, this work has largely reported on separate cohorts, introducing method variance as a b...
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| Published in | Frontiers in psychiatry Vol. 11; p. 578401 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
23.10.2020
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1664-0640 1664-0640 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578401 |
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| Abstract | Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit multisensory processing difficulties and social impairments, with growing evidence that the former contributes to the latter. However, this work has largely reported on separate cohorts, introducing method variance as a barrier to drawing broad conclusions across studies. Further, very few studies have addressed touch, resulting in sparse knowledge about how these two clinical groups may integrate somatic information with other senses.
In this study, we compared adults with ASD (
= 29), SZ (
= 24), and typical developmental histories (TD,
= 37) on two tasks requiring visual-tactile spatial multisensory processing. In the first task (crossmodal congruency), participants judged the location of a tactile stimulus in the presence or absence of simultaneous visual input that was either spatially congruent or incongruent, with poorer performance for incongruence an index of spatial multisensory interaction. In the second task, participants reacted to touch in the presence or absence of dynamic visual stimuli that appeared to approach or recede from the body. Within a certain radius around the body, defined as
, an approaching visual or auditory stimulus reliably speeds reaction times (RT) to touch; outside of this radius, in
, there is no multisensory effect. PPS can be defined both by its size (radius) and slope (sharpness of the PPS-EPS boundary). Clinical measures were administered to explore relations with visual-tactile processing.
Neither clinical group differed from controls on the crossmodal congruency task. The ASD group had significantly smaller and more sharply-defined PPSs compared to the other two groups. Small PPS size was related to social symptom severity across groups, but was largely driven by the TD group, without significant effects in either clinical group.
These results suggest that: (1) spatially static visual-tactile facilitation is intact in adults with ASD and SZ, (2) spatially dynamic visual-tactile facilitation impacting perception of the body boundary is affected in ASD but not SZ, and (3) body boundary perception is related to social-emotional function, but not in a way that maps on to clinical status. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit multisensory processing difficulties and social impairments, with growing evidence that the former contributes to the latter. However, this work has largely reported on separate cohorts, introducing method variance as a barrier to drawing broad conclusions across studies. Further, very few studies have addressed touch, resulting in sparse knowledge about how these two clinical groups may integrate somatic information with other senses.
In this study, we compared adults with ASD (
= 29), SZ (
= 24), and typical developmental histories (TD,
= 37) on two tasks requiring visual-tactile spatial multisensory processing. In the first task (crossmodal congruency), participants judged the location of a tactile stimulus in the presence or absence of simultaneous visual input that was either spatially congruent or incongruent, with poorer performance for incongruence an index of spatial multisensory interaction. In the second task, participants reacted to touch in the presence or absence of dynamic visual stimuli that appeared to approach or recede from the body. Within a certain radius around the body, defined as
, an approaching visual or auditory stimulus reliably speeds reaction times (RT) to touch; outside of this radius, in
, there is no multisensory effect. PPS can be defined both by its size (radius) and slope (sharpness of the PPS-EPS boundary). Clinical measures were administered to explore relations with visual-tactile processing.
Neither clinical group differed from controls on the crossmodal congruency task. The ASD group had significantly smaller and more sharply-defined PPSs compared to the other two groups. Small PPS size was related to social symptom severity across groups, but was largely driven by the TD group, without significant effects in either clinical group.
These results suggest that: (1) spatially static visual-tactile facilitation is intact in adults with ASD and SZ, (2) spatially dynamic visual-tactile facilitation impacting perception of the body boundary is affected in ASD but not SZ, and (3) body boundary perception is related to social-emotional function, but not in a way that maps on to clinical status. Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit multisensory processing difficulties and social impairments, with growing evidence that the former contributes to the latter. However, this work has largely reported on separate cohorts, introducing method variance as a barrier to drawing broad conclusions across studies. Further, very few studies have addressed touch, resulting in sparse knowledge about how these two clinical groups may integrate somatic information with other senses. Methods: In this study, we compared adults with ASD ( n = 29), SZ ( n = 24), and typical developmental histories (TD, n = 37) on two tasks requiring visual-tactile spatial multisensory processing. In the first task (crossmodal congruency), participants judged the location of a tactile stimulus in the presence or absence of simultaneous visual input that was either spatially congruent or incongruent, with poorer performance for incongruence an index of spatial multisensory interaction. In the second task, participants reacted to touch in the presence or absence of dynamic visual stimuli that appeared to approach or recede from the body. Within a certain radius around the body, defined as peripersonal space (PPS) , an approaching visual or auditory stimulus reliably speeds reaction times (RT) to touch; outside of this radius, in extrapersonal space (EPS) , there is no multisensory effect. PPS can be defined both by its size (radius) and slope (sharpness of the PPS-EPS boundary). Clinical measures were administered to explore relations with visual-tactile processing. Results: Neither clinical group differed from controls on the crossmodal congruency task. The ASD group had significantly smaller and more sharply-defined PPSs compared to the other two groups. Small PPS size was related to social symptom severity across groups, but was largely driven by the TD group, without significant effects in either clinical group. Conclusions: These results suggest that: (1) spatially static visual-tactile facilitation is intact in adults with ASD and SZ, (2) spatially dynamic visual-tactile facilitation impacting perception of the body boundary is affected in ASD but not SZ, and (3) body boundary perception is related to social-emotional function, but not in a way that maps on to clinical status. Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit multisensory processing difficulties and social impairments, with growing evidence that the former contributes to the latter. However, this work has largely reported on separate cohorts, introducing method variance as a barrier to drawing broad conclusions across studies. Further, very few studies have addressed touch, resulting in sparse knowledge about how these two clinical groups may integrate somatic information with other senses.Methods: In this study, we compared adults with ASD (n = 29), SZ (n = 24), and typical developmental histories (TD, n = 37) on two tasks requiring visual-tactile spatial multisensory processing. In the first task (crossmodal congruency), participants judged the location of a tactile stimulus in the presence or absence of simultaneous visual input that was either spatially congruent or incongruent, with poorer performance for incongruence an index of spatial multisensory interaction. In the second task, participants reacted to touch in the presence or absence of dynamic visual stimuli that appeared to approach or recede from the body. Within a certain radius around the body, defined as peripersonal space (PPS), an approaching visual or auditory stimulus reliably speeds reaction times (RT) to touch; outside of this radius, in extrapersonal space (EPS), there is no multisensory effect. PPS can be defined both by its size (radius) and slope (sharpness of the PPS-EPS boundary). Clinical measures were administered to explore relations with visual-tactile processing.Results: Neither clinical group differed from controls on the crossmodal congruency task. The ASD group had significantly smaller and more sharply-defined PPSs compared to the other two groups. Small PPS size was related to social symptom severity across groups, but was largely driven by the TD group, without significant effects in either clinical group.Conclusions: These results suggest that: (1) spatially static visual-tactile facilitation is intact in adults with ASD and SZ, (2) spatially dynamic visual-tactile facilitation impacting perception of the body boundary is affected in ASD but not SZ, and (3) body boundary perception is related to social-emotional function, but not in a way that maps on to clinical status. Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit multisensory processing difficulties and social impairments, with growing evidence that the former contributes to the latter. However, this work has largely reported on separate cohorts, introducing method variance as a barrier to drawing broad conclusions across studies. Further, very few studies have addressed touch, resulting in sparse knowledge about how these two clinical groups may integrate somatic information with other senses. Methods: In this study, we compared adults with ASD (n = 29), SZ (n = 24), and typical developmental histories (TD, n = 37) on two tasks requiring visual-tactile spatial multisensory processing. In the first task (crossmodal congruency), participants judged the location of a tactile stimulus in the presence or absence of simultaneous visual input that was either spatially congruent or incongruent, with poorer performance for incongruence an index of spatial multisensory interaction. In the second task, participants reacted to touch in the presence or absence of dynamic visual stimuli that appeared to approach or recede from the body. Within a certain radius around the body, defined as peripersonal space (PPS), an approaching visual or auditory stimulus reliably speeds reaction times (RT) to touch; outside of this radius, in extrapersonal space (EPS), there is no multisensory effect. PPS can be defined both by its size (radius) and slope (sharpness of the PPS-EPS boundary). Clinical measures were administered to explore relations with visual-tactile processing. Results: Neither clinical group differed from controls on the crossmodal congruency task. The ASD group had significantly smaller and more sharply-defined PPSs compared to the other two groups. Small PPS size was related to social symptom severity across groups, but was largely driven by the TD group, without significant effects in either clinical group. Conclusions: These results suggest that: (1) spatially static visual-tactile facilitation is intact in adults with ASD and SZ, (2) spatially dynamic visual-tactile facilitation impacting perception of the body boundary is affected in ASD but not SZ, and (3) body boundary perception is related to social-emotional function, but not in a way that maps on to clinical status.Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit multisensory processing difficulties and social impairments, with growing evidence that the former contributes to the latter. However, this work has largely reported on separate cohorts, introducing method variance as a barrier to drawing broad conclusions across studies. Further, very few studies have addressed touch, resulting in sparse knowledge about how these two clinical groups may integrate somatic information with other senses. Methods: In this study, we compared adults with ASD (n = 29), SZ (n = 24), and typical developmental histories (TD, n = 37) on two tasks requiring visual-tactile spatial multisensory processing. In the first task (crossmodal congruency), participants judged the location of a tactile stimulus in the presence or absence of simultaneous visual input that was either spatially congruent or incongruent, with poorer performance for incongruence an index of spatial multisensory interaction. In the second task, participants reacted to touch in the presence or absence of dynamic visual stimuli that appeared to approach or recede from the body. Within a certain radius around the body, defined as peripersonal space (PPS), an approaching visual or auditory stimulus reliably speeds reaction times (RT) to touch; outside of this radius, in extrapersonal space (EPS), there is no multisensory effect. PPS can be defined both by its size (radius) and slope (sharpness of the PPS-EPS boundary). Clinical measures were administered to explore relations with visual-tactile processing. Results: Neither clinical group differed from controls on the crossmodal congruency task. The ASD group had significantly smaller and more sharply-defined PPSs compared to the other two groups. Small PPS size was related to social symptom severity across groups, but was largely driven by the TD group, without significant effects in either clinical group. Conclusions: These results suggest that: (1) spatially static visual-tactile facilitation is intact in adults with ASD and SZ, (2) spatially dynamic visual-tactile facilitation impacting perception of the body boundary is affected in ASD but not SZ, and (3) body boundary perception is related to social-emotional function, but not in a way that maps on to clinical status. |
| Author | Failla, Michelle D. Noel, Jean-Paul Armstrong, Kristan Zoltowski, Alisa R. Heckers, Stephan H. Tracy, John M. Cascio, Carissa J. Wallace, Mark T. Williams, Zachary J. Nichols, Heathman Gerdes, Madison Foss-Feig, Jennifer H. Blake, Randolph R. Park, Sohee Quinde-Zlibut, Jennifer M. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 8 Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Center for Autism Research, Mount Sinai Hospital , New York, NY , United States 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , United States 4 Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , United States 1 Center for Neural Science, New York University , New York, NY , United States 6 School of Criminology and Justice Policty, Northeastern University , Boston, MA , United States 7 Core Scientific , Seattle, WA , United States 5 Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN , United States 3 Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN , United States 9 Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN , United States 10 Vanderbilt Frist Center for Autism and Innovation , Nashville, TN , United States |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , United States – name: 9 Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN , United States – name: 5 Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN , United States – name: 8 Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Center for Autism Research, Mount Sinai Hospital , New York, NY , United States – name: 6 School of Criminology and Justice Policty, Northeastern University , Boston, MA , United States – name: 7 Core Scientific , Seattle, WA , United States – name: 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN , United States – name: 1 Center for Neural Science, New York University , New York, NY , United States – name: 3 Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN , United States – name: 10 Vanderbilt Frist Center for Autism and Innovation , Nashville, TN , United States |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jean-Paul surname: Noel fullname: Noel, Jean-Paul – sequence: 2 givenname: Michelle D. surname: Failla fullname: Failla, Michelle D. – sequence: 3 givenname: Jennifer M. surname: Quinde-Zlibut fullname: Quinde-Zlibut, Jennifer M. – sequence: 4 givenname: Zachary J. surname: Williams fullname: Williams, Zachary J. – sequence: 5 givenname: Madison surname: Gerdes fullname: Gerdes, Madison – sequence: 6 givenname: John M. surname: Tracy fullname: Tracy, John M. – sequence: 7 givenname: Alisa R. surname: Zoltowski fullname: Zoltowski, Alisa R. – sequence: 8 givenname: Jennifer H. surname: Foss-Feig fullname: Foss-Feig, Jennifer H. – sequence: 9 givenname: Heathman surname: Nichols fullname: Nichols, Heathman – sequence: 10 givenname: Kristan surname: Armstrong fullname: Armstrong, Kristan – sequence: 11 givenname: Stephan H. surname: Heckers fullname: Heckers, Stephan H. – sequence: 12 givenname: Randolph R. surname: Blake fullname: Blake, Randolph R. – sequence: 13 givenname: Mark T. surname: Wallace fullname: Wallace, Mark T. – sequence: 14 givenname: Sohee surname: Park fullname: Park, Sohee – sequence: 15 givenname: Carissa J. surname: Cascio fullname: Cascio, Carissa J. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33192716$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2020 Noel, Failla, Quinde-Zlibut, Williams, Gerdes, Tracy, Zoltowski, Foss-Feig, Nichols, Armstrong, Heckers, Blake, Wallace, Park and Cascio. Copyright © 2020 Noel, Failla, Quinde-Zlibut, Williams, Gerdes, Tracy, Zoltowski, Foss-Feig, Nichols, Armstrong, Heckers, Blake, Wallace, Park and Cascio. 2020 Noel, Failla, Quinde-Zlibut, Williams, Gerdes, Tracy, Zoltowski, Foss-Feig, Nichols, Armstrong, Heckers, Blake, Wallace, Park and Cascio |
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| Keywords | tactile perception peripersonal space depth psychopathology cross-modal congruency effect somatic logistic regression developmental disorders |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2020 Noel, Failla, Quinde-Zlibut, Williams, Gerdes, Tracy, Zoltowski, Foss-Feig, Nichols, Armstrong, Heckers, Blake, Wallace, Park and Cascio. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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| Title | Visual-Tactile Spatial Multisensory Interaction in Adults With Autism and Schizophrenia |
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