Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory

Hyaluronic acid (also known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate) is naturally found in many tissues and fluids, but more abundantly in articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) content varies widely in different joints and species. HA is a non-sulfated, naturally occurring non-prote...

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Published in	Frontiers in veterinary science Vol. 6; p. 192
Main Authors	Gupta, Ramesh C., Lall, Rajiv, Srivastava, Ajay, Sinha, Anita
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 25.06.2019
Subjects	hyaluronan hyaluronic acid ophthalmic diseases osteoarthritis Veterinary Science viscosupplementation wound healing cancer therapy ophthalmic diseases wound healing hyaluronan osteoarthritis viscosupplementation adjuvant therapy hyaluronic acid
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	2297-1769 2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2019.00192

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Abstract	Hyaluronic acid (also known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate) is naturally found in many tissues and fluids, but more abundantly in articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) content varies widely in different joints and species. HA is a non-sulfated, naturally occurring non-protein glycosaminoglycan (GAG), with distinct physico-chemical properties, produced by synoviocytes, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes. HA has an important role in the biomechanics of normal SF, where it is partially responsible for lubrication and viscoelasticity of the SF. The concentration of HA and its molecular weight (MW) decline as osteoarthritis (OA) progresses with aging. For that reason, HA has been used for more than four decades in the treatment of OA in dogs, horses and humans. HA produces anti-arthritic effects via multiple mechanisms involving receptors, enzymes and other metabolic pathways. HA is also used in the treatment of ophthalmic, dermal, burns, wound repair, and other health conditions. The MW of HA appears to play a critical role in the formulation of the products used in the treatment of diseases. This review provides a mechanism-based rationale for the use of HA in some disease conditions with special reference to OA.
AbstractList	Hyaluronic acid (also known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate) is naturally found in many tissues and fluids, but more abundantly in articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) content varies widely in different joints and species. HA is a non-sulfated, naturally occurring non-protein glycosaminoglycan (GAG), with distinct physico-chemical properties, produced by synoviocytes, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes. HA has an important role in the biomechanics of normal SF, where it is partially responsible for lubrication and viscoelasticity of the SF. The concentration of HA and its molecular weight (MW) decline as osteoarthritis (OA) progresses with aging. For that reason, HA has been used for more than four decades in the treatment of OA in dogs, horses and humans. HA produces anti-arthritic effects via multiple mechanisms involving receptors, enzymes and other metabolic pathways. HA is also used in the treatment of ophthalmic, dermal, burns, wound repair, and other health conditions. The MW of HA appears to play a critical role in the formulation of the products used in the treatment of diseases. This review provides a mechanism-based rationale for the use of HA in some disease conditions with special reference to OA. Hyaluronic acid (also known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate) is naturally found in many tissues and fluids, but more abundantly in articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) content varies widely in different joints and species. HA is a non-sulfated, naturally occurring non-protein glycosaminoglycan (GAG), with distinct physico-chemical properties, produced by synoviocytes, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes. HA has an important role in the biomechanics of normal SF, where it is partially responsible for lubrication and viscoelasticity of the SF. The concentration of HA and its molecular weight (MW) decline as osteoarthritis (OA) progresses with aging. For that reason, HA has been used for more than four decades in the treatment of OA in dogs, horses and humans. HA produces anti-arthritic effects via multiple mechanisms involving receptors, enzymes and other metabolic pathways. HA is also used in the treatment of ophthalmic, dermal, burns, wound repair, and other health conditions. The MW of HA appears to play a critical role in the formulation of the products used in the treatment of diseases. This review provides a mechanism-based rationale for the use of HA in some disease conditions with special reference to OA.Hyaluronic acid (also known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate) is naturally found in many tissues and fluids, but more abundantly in articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) content varies widely in different joints and species. HA is a non-sulfated, naturally occurring non-protein glycosaminoglycan (GAG), with distinct physico-chemical properties, produced by synoviocytes, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes. HA has an important role in the biomechanics of normal SF, where it is partially responsible for lubrication and viscoelasticity of the SF. The concentration of HA and its molecular weight (MW) decline as osteoarthritis (OA) progresses with aging. For that reason, HA has been used for more than four decades in the treatment of OA in dogs, horses and humans. HA produces anti-arthritic effects via multiple mechanisms involving receptors, enzymes and other metabolic pathways. HA is also used in the treatment of ophthalmic, dermal, burns, wound repair, and other health conditions. The MW of HA appears to play a critical role in the formulation of the products used in the treatment of diseases. This review provides a mechanism-based rationale for the use of HA in some disease conditions with special reference to OA.
Author	Lall, Rajiv Sinha, Anita Gupta, Ramesh C. Srivastava, Ajay
AuthorAffiliation	2 Vets Plus, Inc. , Menomonie, WI , United States 1 Toxicology Department, Breathitt Veterinary Center, Murray State University , Hopkinsville, KY , United States
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Toxicology Department, Breathitt Veterinary Center, Murray State University , Hopkinsville, KY , United States – name: 2 Vets Plus, Inc. , Menomonie, WI , United States
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ramesh C. surname: Gupta fullname: Gupta, Ramesh C. – sequence: 2 givenname: Rajiv surname: Lall fullname: Lall, Rajiv – sequence: 3 givenname: Ajay surname: Srivastava fullname: Srivastava, Ajay – sequence: 4 givenname: Anita surname: Sinha fullname: Sinha, Anita
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31294035$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Hyaluronic acid (also known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate) is naturally found in many tissues and fluids, but more abundantly in articular cartilage and...
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SubjectTerms	hyaluronan hyaluronic acid ophthalmic diseases osteoarthritis Veterinary Science viscosupplementation wound healing
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Title	Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory
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