Pleiotropic Effects of ebony and tan on Pigmentation and Cuticular Hydrocarbon Composition in Drosophila melanogaster
Pleiotropic genes are genes that affect more than one trait. For example, many genes required for pigmentation in the fruit fly also affect traits such as circadian rhythms, vision, and mating behavior. Here, we present evidence that two pigmentation genes, and , which encode enzymes catalyzing reci...
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| Published in | Frontiers in physiology Vol. 10; p. 518 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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01.05.2019
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| ISSN | 1664-042X 1664-042X |
| DOI | 10.3389/fphys.2019.00518 |
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| Abstract | Pleiotropic genes are genes that affect more than one trait. For example, many genes required for pigmentation in the fruit fly
also affect traits such as circadian rhythms, vision, and mating behavior. Here, we present evidence that two pigmentation genes,
and
, which encode enzymes catalyzing reciprocal reactions in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, also affect cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) composition in
females. More specifically, we report that
loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward long (>25C) chain CHCs, whereas
loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward short (<25C) chain CHCs. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of dopamine synthesis, a key step in the melanin synthesis pathway, reversed the changes in CHC composition seen in
mutants, making the CHC profiles similar to those seen in
mutants. These observations suggest that genetic variation affecting
and/or
activity might cause correlated changes in pigmentation and CHC composition in natural populations. We tested this possibility using the
Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and found that CHC composition covaried with pigmentation as well as levels of
and
expression in newly eclosed adults in a manner consistent with the
and
mutant phenotypes. These data suggest that the pleiotropic effects of
and
might contribute to covariation of pigmentation and CHC profiles in
. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Pleiotropic genes are genes that affect more than one trait. For example, many genes required for pigmentation in the fruit fly
also affect traits such as circadian rhythms, vision, and mating behavior. Here, we present evidence that two pigmentation genes,
and
, which encode enzymes catalyzing reciprocal reactions in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, also affect cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) composition in
females. More specifically, we report that
loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward long (>25C) chain CHCs, whereas
loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward short (<25C) chain CHCs. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of dopamine synthesis, a key step in the melanin synthesis pathway, reversed the changes in CHC composition seen in
mutants, making the CHC profiles similar to those seen in
mutants. These observations suggest that genetic variation affecting
and/or
activity might cause correlated changes in pigmentation and CHC composition in natural populations. We tested this possibility using the
Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and found that CHC composition covaried with pigmentation as well as levels of
and
expression in newly eclosed adults in a manner consistent with the
and
mutant phenotypes. These data suggest that the pleiotropic effects of
and
might contribute to covariation of pigmentation and CHC profiles in
. Pleiotropic genes are genes that affect more than one trait. For example, many genes required for pigmentation in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster also affect traits such as circadian rhythms, vision, and mating behavior. Here, we present evidence that two pigmentation genes, ebony and tan, which encode enzymes catalyzing reciprocal reactions in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, also affect cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) composition in D. melanogaster females. More specifically, we report that ebony loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward long (>25C) chain CHCs, whereas tan loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward short (<25C) chain CHCs. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of dopamine synthesis, a key step in the melanin synthesis pathway, reversed the changes in CHC composition seen in ebony mutants, making the CHC profiles similar to those seen in tan mutants. These observations suggest that genetic variation affecting ebony and/or tan activity might cause correlated changes in pigmentation and CHC composition in natural populations. We tested this possibility using the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and found that CHC composition covaried with pigmentation as well as levels of ebony and tan expression in newly eclosed adults in a manner consistent with the ebony and tan mutant phenotypes. These data suggest that the pleiotropic effects of ebony and tan might contribute to covariation of pigmentation and CHC profiles in Drosophila. Pleiotropic genes are genes that affect more than one trait. For example, many genes required for pigmentation in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster also affect traits such as circadian rhythms, vision, and mating behavior. Here, we present evidence that two pigmentation genes, ebony and tan, which encode enzymes catalyzing reciprocal reactions in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, also affect cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) composition in D. melanogaster females. More specifically, we report that ebony loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward long (>25C) chain CHCs, whereas tan loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward short (<25C) chain CHCs. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of dopamine synthesis, a key step in the melanin synthesis pathway, reversed the changes in CHC composition seen in ebony mutants, making the CHC profiles similar to those seen in tan mutants. These observations suggest that genetic variation affecting ebony and/or tan activity might cause correlated changes in pigmentation and CHC composition in natural populations. We tested this possibility using the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and found that CHC composition covaried with pigmentation as well as levels of ebony and tan expression in newly eclosed adults in a manner consistent with the ebony and tan mutant phenotypes. These data suggest that the pleiotropic effects of ebony and tan might contribute to covariation of pigmentation and CHC profiles in Drosophila.Pleiotropic genes are genes that affect more than one trait. For example, many genes required for pigmentation in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster also affect traits such as circadian rhythms, vision, and mating behavior. Here, we present evidence that two pigmentation genes, ebony and tan, which encode enzymes catalyzing reciprocal reactions in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, also affect cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) composition in D. melanogaster females. More specifically, we report that ebony loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward long (>25C) chain CHCs, whereas tan loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward short (<25C) chain CHCs. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of dopamine synthesis, a key step in the melanin synthesis pathway, reversed the changes in CHC composition seen in ebony mutants, making the CHC profiles similar to those seen in tan mutants. These observations suggest that genetic variation affecting ebony and/or tan activity might cause correlated changes in pigmentation and CHC composition in natural populations. We tested this possibility using the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and found that CHC composition covaried with pigmentation as well as levels of ebony and tan expression in newly eclosed adults in a manner consistent with the ebony and tan mutant phenotypes. These data suggest that the pleiotropic effects of ebony and tan might contribute to covariation of pigmentation and CHC profiles in Drosophila. Pleiotropic genes are genes that affect more than one trait. For example, many genes required for pigmentation in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster also affect traits such as circadian rhythms, vision, and mating behavior. Here, we present evidence that two pigmentation genes, ebony and tan , which encode enzymes catalyzing reciprocal reactions in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, also affect cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) composition in D. melanogaster females. More specifically, we report that ebony loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward long (>25C) chain CHCs, whereas tan loss-of-function mutants have a CHC profile that is biased toward short (<25C) chain CHCs. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of dopamine synthesis, a key step in the melanin synthesis pathway, reversed the changes in CHC composition seen in ebony mutants, making the CHC profiles similar to those seen in tan mutants. These observations suggest that genetic variation affecting ebony and/or tan activity might cause correlated changes in pigmentation and CHC composition in natural populations. We tested this possibility using the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and found that CHC composition covaried with pigmentation as well as levels of ebony and tan expression in newly eclosed adults in a manner consistent with the ebony and tan mutant phenotypes. These data suggest that the pleiotropic effects of ebony and tan might contribute to covariation of pigmentation and CHC profiles in Drosophila . |
| Author | Dreisewerd, Klaus Takahashi, Aya Bien, Tanja Akiyama, Noriyoshi Yew, Joanne Y. Wittkopp, Patricia J. Massey, Jonathan H. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 7 Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa , Honolulu, HI , United States 8 Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji , Japan 2 Janelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, VA , United States 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , United States 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji , Japan 6 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , United States 4 Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster , Münster , Germany 5 Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster , Münster , Germany |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster , Münster , Germany – name: 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , United States – name: 7 Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa , Honolulu, HI , United States – name: 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji , Japan – name: 6 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , United States – name: 2 Janelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Ashburn, VA , United States – name: 8 Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji , Japan – name: 4 Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster , Münster , Germany |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jonathan H. surname: Massey fullname: Massey, Jonathan H. – sequence: 2 givenname: Noriyoshi surname: Akiyama fullname: Akiyama, Noriyoshi – sequence: 3 givenname: Tanja surname: Bien fullname: Bien, Tanja – sequence: 4 givenname: Klaus surname: Dreisewerd fullname: Dreisewerd, Klaus – sequence: 5 givenname: Patricia J. surname: Wittkopp fullname: Wittkopp, Patricia J. – sequence: 6 givenname: Joanne Y. surname: Yew fullname: Yew, Joanne Y. – sequence: 7 givenname: Aya surname: Takahashi fullname: Takahashi, Aya |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31118901$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2019 Massey, Akiyama, Bien, Dreisewerd, Wittkopp, Yew and Takahashi. 2019 Massey, Akiyama, Bien, Dreisewerd, Wittkopp, Yew and Takahashi |
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| Keywords | ebony tan pigmentation Drosophila trait covariation cuticular hydrocarbons pleiotropy dopamine |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Geoffrey A. Head,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia Reviewed by: Jean-Michel Gibert, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Thomas Williams, University of Dayton, United States This article was submitted to Integrative Physiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Snippet | Pleiotropic genes are genes that affect more than one trait. For example, many genes required for pigmentation in the fruit fly
also affect traits such as... Pleiotropic genes are genes that affect more than one trait. For example, many genes required for pigmentation in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster also... Pleiotropic genes are genes that affect more than one trait. For example, many genes required for pigmentation in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster also... |
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| Title | Pleiotropic Effects of ebony and tan on Pigmentation and Cuticular Hydrocarbon Composition in Drosophila melanogaster |
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