Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Decreases Th1, Th17, and Increases Th22 Responses via AHR Signaling Which Could Affect Susceptibility to Infections and Inflammatory Disease
A synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), was used in a novel study to determine progestin effects on human purified macrophages and Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22 cells. MPA concentrations were equivalent to those in the serum of women after 6 and 9 months of progestin use. MPA has no effect...
Saved in:
| Published in | Frontiers in immunology Vol. 10; p. 642 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
03.04.2019
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1664-3224 1664-3224 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00642 |
Cover
| Abstract | A synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), was used in a novel study to determine progestin effects on human purified macrophages and Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22 cells. MPA concentrations were equivalent to those in the serum of women after 6 and 9 months of progestin use. MPA has no effect on the proliferation of PBMCs and CD4+ T cell clones induced by immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies or by antigen (streptokinase). However, MPA decreases production and mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, T-bet, RORC, and IL-17A but increases production and mRNA expression of IL-22 by CD4+ Th22 cell clones and decreases IL-22 production by Th17 cells. MPA inhibits RORC, but not T-bet and AHR, by Th17 cells but increases AHR mRNA and T-bet expression of established CD4+ Th22 cell clones. This suggests that MPA, at concentrations equivalent to those found in the serum of women after treatment for contraception and hormone replacement therapy, can directly inhibit Th1 responses (against intracellular bacteria and viruses), Th17 (against extracellular bacteria and fungi), Th2 (against parasites) but MPA therapy increases IL-22 produced by Th22 cells mediated by an increased expression of AHR and T-bet controlling inflammation. MPA could be responsible for the tissue damage limited by IL-22 in absence of IL-17A. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | A synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), was used in a novel study to determine progestin effects on human purified macrophages and Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22 cells. MPA concentrations were equivalent to those in the serum of women after 6 and 9 months of progestin use. MPA has no effect on the proliferation of PBMCs and CD4+ T cell clones induced by immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies or by antigen (streptokinase). However, MPA decreases production and mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, T-bet, RORC, and IL-17A but increases production and mRNA expression of IL-22 by CD4+ Th22 cell clones and decreases IL-22 production by Th17 cells. MPA inhibits RORC, but not T-bet and AHR, by Th17 cells but increases AHR mRNA and T-bet expression of established CD4+ Th22 cell clones. This suggests that MPA, at concentrations equivalent to those found in the serum of women after treatment for contraception and hormone replacement therapy, can directly inhibit Th1 responses (against intracellular bacteria and viruses), Th17 (against extracellular bacteria and fungi), Th2 (against parasites) but MPA therapy increases IL-22 produced by Th22 cells mediated by an increased expression of AHR and T-bet controlling inflammation. MPA could be responsible for the tissue damage limited by IL-22 in absence of IL-17A. A synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), was used in a novel study to determine progestin effects on human purified macrophages and Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22 cells. MPA concentrations were equivalent to those in the serum of women after 6 and 9 months of progestin use. MPA has no effect on the proliferation of PBMCs and CD4+ T cell clones induced by immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies or by antigen (streptokinase). However, MPA decreases production and mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, T-bet, RORC, and IL-17A but increases production and mRNA expression of IL-22 by CD4+ Th22 cell clones and decreases IL-22 production by Th17 cells. MPA inhibits RORC, but not T-bet and AHR, by Th17 cells but increases AHR mRNA and T-bet expression of established CD4+ Th22 cell clones. This suggests that MPA, at concentrations equivalent to those found in the serum of women after treatment for contraception and hormone replacement therapy, can directly inhibit Th1 responses (against intracellular bacteria and viruses), Th17 (against extracellular bacteria and fungi), Th2 (against parasites) but MPA therapy increases IL-22 produced by Th22 cells mediated by an increased expression of AHR and T-bet controlling inflammation. MPA could be responsible for the tissue damage limited by IL-22 in absence of IL-17A.A synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), was used in a novel study to determine progestin effects on human purified macrophages and Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22 cells. MPA concentrations were equivalent to those in the serum of women after 6 and 9 months of progestin use. MPA has no effect on the proliferation of PBMCs and CD4+ T cell clones induced by immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies or by antigen (streptokinase). However, MPA decreases production and mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, T-bet, RORC, and IL-17A but increases production and mRNA expression of IL-22 by CD4+ Th22 cell clones and decreases IL-22 production by Th17 cells. MPA inhibits RORC, but not T-bet and AHR, by Th17 cells but increases AHR mRNA and T-bet expression of established CD4+ Th22 cell clones. This suggests that MPA, at concentrations equivalent to those found in the serum of women after treatment for contraception and hormone replacement therapy, can directly inhibit Th1 responses (against intracellular bacteria and viruses), Th17 (against extracellular bacteria and fungi), Th2 (against parasites) but MPA therapy increases IL-22 produced by Th22 cells mediated by an increased expression of AHR and T-bet controlling inflammation. MPA could be responsible for the tissue damage limited by IL-22 in absence of IL-17A. |
| Author | Kullolli, Ornela Maggi, Enrico Lombardelli, Letizia Logiodice, Federica Piccinni, Marie-Pierre Barkley, Marylynn S. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Immunology Area, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy 1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOTHE of the University of Florence , Florence , Italy 3 Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis , Davis, CA , United States |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Immunology Area, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy – name: 1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOTHE of the University of Florence , Florence , Italy – name: 3 Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis , Davis, CA , United States |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marie-Pierre surname: Piccinni fullname: Piccinni, Marie-Pierre – sequence: 2 givenname: Letizia surname: Lombardelli fullname: Lombardelli, Letizia – sequence: 3 givenname: Federica surname: Logiodice fullname: Logiodice, Federica – sequence: 4 givenname: Ornela surname: Kullolli fullname: Kullolli, Ornela – sequence: 5 givenname: Enrico surname: Maggi fullname: Maggi, Enrico – sequence: 6 givenname: Marylynn S. surname: Barkley fullname: Barkley, Marylynn S. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31001262$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp1kk1vEzEQhleoiJbSOyfkI4cm-Gu9uxekKAUaqQipLeJoOfY4cbW7Dra3av4RPxNvkkKLxB68tmfmeeWZ93Vx1PseiuItwVPG6uaDdV03TCkmzRRjwemL4oQIwSeMUn70ZH9cnMV4h_PHG8ZY-ao4ZgRjQgU9KX59BRP8w3YT_ApigpA10ExDUgnQBegAKkJEt2tyPi7VOVK9QYv-b4BSdA1x4_vxeO8Uml1eoxu36lXr-hX6sXZ6jeZ-aA2aWQs6oZshatgkt3StS1uUfOaNAZcZB7xtVdep5MMWXbg4Sr0pXlrVRjg7_E-L758_3c4vJ1ffvizms6uJ5oKmiaZYNJpBA3VtWCNqy0qKaakpgC2hhlIZQcplTayqBNcNNMLg3CulRK0azk6LxZ5rvLqTm-A6FbbSKyd3Fz6spArJ6RbksmS8tpURmltOGFdGkUrpKpMYM3RkfdyzNsOyA6OhT0G1z6DPI71by5W_l4KXoiIkA94fAMH_HPJ8ZOdy79pW9eCHKCklpOH5PSynvnuq9UfkcdQ5QewTdPAxBrBSuzzl3PQs7VpJsBxtJXe2kqOt5M5WuRD_U_jI_m_Jb0bt0rY |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules28114354 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41540_022_00250_9 crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2019_0228 crossref_primary_10_1136_thoraxjnl_2020_215540 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaci_2020_02_027 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2021_708140 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_911546 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2023_1149679 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jinf_2024_106133 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_840398 crossref_primary_10_1111_imr_13078 crossref_primary_10_1097_HC9_0000000000000269 crossref_primary_10_1128_mbio_03137_22 crossref_primary_10_3390_biom12091299 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_688066 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41392_023_01655_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaci_2020_11_024 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcell_2020_589752 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2020_106877 crossref_primary_10_31450_ukrjnd_2_82__2024_05 crossref_primary_10_3390_children9020233 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics15122787 crossref_primary_10_1080_20565623_2025_2459001 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1437046 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_167495 crossref_primary_10_1111_aji_13405 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000975 10.1016/S0959-8049(96)00486-8 10.1084/jem.20092054 10.1159/000331437 10.1210/jcem-44-1-32 10.1002/1097-0142(19880601)61:11<2214::AID-CNCR2820611115>3.0.CO;2-V 10.1016/0167-5699(93)90235-D 10.1093/aje/kwi116 10.1164/ajrccm/148.2.401 10.1002/ijc.20016 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.007 10.1210/endo-77-5-897 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7348 10.1007/BF01541085 10.1097/01.aids.0000218563.12897.ba 10.1038/nature06880 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.09.037 10.1038/2006 10.1164/ajrccm/137.1.62 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.00892.x 10.1128/IAI.01189-12 10.1097/00007890-196803000-00010 10.1159/000237014 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.10.023 10.1038/ni.1767 10.1210/er.2017-00103 10.1038/ni1254 10.1038/bjc.1993.202 10.4049/jimmunol.149.9.3023 10.1128/MCB.25.22.10040-10051.2005 10.1016/0264-410X(95)00104-9 10.1089/1079990041689665 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90021-3 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.024 10.1038/nature06881 10.1677/jme.0.0250169 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80702-3 10.1007/BF02918503 10.1080/0891693031000067287 10.1016/0959-8049(94)90123-6 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100040 10.1016/S0002-9378(00)70325-5 10.1093/humrep/den192 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)04240-2 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6952 10.1084/jem.172.6.1861 10.1111/odi.12094 10.1016/S2214–109X(15)00086–8 10.1186/s12948-015-0015-y 10.1084/jem.177.4.1199 10.1046/j.1365-2710.2000.00310.x 10.1007/BF00205489 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001778 10.1007/s00204-014-1261-3 10.1159/000052948 10.1146/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045 10.1128/JVI.77.18.9845-9851.2003 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.01104.x 10.1080/gye.15.4.304.311 10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61033-4 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.06.012 10.1016/j.it.2009.06.005 10.1016/S0165-0378(01)00111-5 10.4049/jimmunol.160.5.2343 10.1053/beog.2002.0268 10.1210/en.2012-1850 10.1159/000087904 10.1371/journal.pone.0079819 10.4049/jimmunol.1300567 10.1371/journal 10.1128/JVI.77.8.4558-4565.2003 10.1046/j.0019-2805.2001.01281.x 10.1038/ni.1770 10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i8.13160 10.1016/0167-5699(91)90120-I |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2019 Piccinni, Lombardelli, Logiodice, Kullolli, Maggi and Barkley. 2019 Piccinni, Lombardelli, Logiodice, Kullolli, Maggi and Barkley |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 2019 Piccinni, Lombardelli, Logiodice, Kullolli, Maggi and Barkley. 2019 Piccinni, Lombardelli, Logiodice, Kullolli, Maggi and Barkley |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00642 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Open Access Full Text |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic PubMed |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 1664-3224 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_b5348f7d6c4f4134ada17ac7a6833d24 PMC6456711 31001262 10_3389_fimmu_2019_00642 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | 53G 5VS 9T4 AAFWJ AAKDD AAYXX ACGFO ACGFS ACXDI ADBBV ADRAZ AENEX AFPKN ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL BCNDV CITATION DIK EBS EMOBN GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HYE KQ8 M48 M~E OK1 PGMZT RNS RPM IAO IEA IHR IHW IPNFZ NPM RIG 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-c2069c3e9e88d3968f352025c2eef5e8e5ad615b81fa764c9e96d0166aa68a943 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISSN | 1664-3224 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:31:20 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 14:09:00 EDT 2025 Thu Sep 04 17:17:52 EDT 2025 Thu Jan 02 22:59:26 EST 2025 Tue Jul 01 00:39:29 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:01:07 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | infection Th22 medroxyprogesterone acetate hormone replacement therapy Th1 Th17 contraception Th2 |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c462t-c2069c3e9e88d3968f352025c2eef5e8e5ad615b81fa764c9e96d0166aa68a943 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Detlef Neumann, Hannover Medical School, Germany This article was submitted to Cytokines and Soluble Mediators in Immunity, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology Reviewed by: Ana Claudia Zenclussen, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Germany; Cristiana Stellato, University of Salerno, Italy; Roberta Bulla, University of Trieste, Italy |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/b5348f7d6c4f4134ada17ac7a6833d24 |
| PMID | 31001262 |
| PQID | 2211946153 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_b5348f7d6c4f4134ada17ac7a6833d24 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6456711 proquest_miscellaneous_2211946153 pubmed_primary_31001262 crossref_citationtrail_10_3389_fimmu_2019_00642 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2019_00642 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2019-04-03 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-04-03 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2019 text: 2019-04-03 day: 03 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Switzerland |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Switzerland |
| PublicationTitle | Frontiers in immunology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Front Immunol |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media S.A |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Frontiers Media S.A |
| References | Gillgrass (B63) 2003; 77 Quintana (B77) 2008; 453 Gronroos (B30) 1984; 17 Turcotte (B60) 1968; 6 Piccinni (B6) 1995; 1 Lombardelli (B16) 2013; 191 Shi (B82) 2007; 179 Egan (B73) 1995; 107 Piccinni (B11) 2001; 52 Chu (B69) 2005; 161 Piccinni (B44) 2014; 20 Rataj (B35) 2015; 89 Brind (B55) 2015; 30 Mostad (B67) 1997; 350 Morrison (B56) 2015; 12 Harrington (B3) 2005; 11 Vermeulen (B34) 2001; 104 McCarthy (B53) 2019 Negishi (B39) 2005; 175 Huijbregts (B32) 2013; 3 Duhen (B4) 2009; 10 Wardlaw (B72) 1988; 137 Burns (B57) 2005; 5 Affandi (B22) 2002; 16 Nene (B68) 2018; 108 York (B65) 1995; 13 Lédée (B43) 2008; 23 Piccinni (B13) 2005; 13 Scambia (B29) 1988; 61 Hulka (B59) 1965; 77 Ortiz (B26) 1977; 44 Basu (B78) 2012; 37 Cohn (B25) 2007; 81 Loose (B18) 2006 Piccinni (B7) 1998; 4 Romagnani (B2) 1991; 12 Downer (B20) 1993; 67 Kaunitz (B21) 1998; 43 Jabara (B70) 1990; 172 Veldhoen (B76) 2008; 453 Kaushic (B62) 2003; 77 Pedroza-Martins (B66) 2006; 20 Hendricks (B64) 1992; 149 Rodríguez-Sosa (B80) 2005; 579 Piccinni (B15) 2015; 13 Mishell (B24) 1996; 41 Cai (B75) 2012; 158 Fung (B19) 1991; 78 Xu (B17) 2013; 15 Tominaga (B27) 1994; 30 Piccinni (B8) 1996; 15 Piccinni (B9) 2002; 47 Kleynhans (B33) 2013; 81 Kleynhans (B31) 2016; 6 Zurawski (B71) 1994; 15 Szabo (B48) 2000; 100 Flavell (B46) 1998; 19 Monteleone (B81) 2011; 141 Bustin (B42) 2000; 25 Mosmann (B1) 1989; 7 Grabowski (B52) 2015; 3 Turcotte (B49) 1971; 3 Hapgood (B54) 2018; 39 Piccinni (B10) 2003; 36 Suthanthiran (B58) 1995; 15 Malmgaard (B61) 2004; 24 Wegmann (B14) 1993; 14 Piccinni (B12) 2005; 89 Bulun (B38) 2000; 182 Manetti (B45) 1993; 177 Baba (B37) 2005; 25 Kos-Kudła (B51) 2001; 15 Sonnenberg (B83) 2010; 207 Trifari (B5) 2009; 10 Kamada (B41) 2001; 52 Esser (B79) 2009; 30 Kos-Kudła (B50) 2000; 25 Stahlberg (B23) 2004; 109 Duarte (B40) 2013; 8 Mantovani (B28) 1997; 33 Lee (B47) 1998; 160 Hernández-Ochoa (B36) 2009; 77 Robinson (B74) 1993; 148 |
| References_xml | – volume: 41 start-page: 381 year: 1996 ident: B24 article-title: Pharmacokinetics of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception publication-title: J Reprod Med – year: 2019 ident: B53 article-title: Hormonal contraceptives and the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections: an updated systematic review publication-title: Sex Transm Dis. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000975 – volume: 33 start-page: 602 year: 1997 ident: B28 article-title: Medroxyprogesterone acetate reduces the in vitro production of cytokines and serotonin involved in anorexia/cachexia and emesis by perypheral blood mononuclear cells of cancer patients publication-title: Eur J Cancer doi: 10.1016/S0959-8049(96)00486-8 – volume: 207 start-page: 1293 year: 2010 ident: B83 article-title: Pathological versus protective functions of IL-22 in airway inflammation are regulated by IL-17A publication-title: J Exp Med doi: 10.1084/jem.20092054 – volume: 158 start-page: 252 year: 2012 ident: B75 article-title: Estrogen stimulates Th2 cytokine production and regulates the compartmentalisation of eosinophils during allergen challenge in a mouse model of asthma publication-title: Int Arch Allergy Immunol. doi: 10.1159/000331437 – volume: 44 start-page: 32 year: 1977 ident: B26 article-title: Serum medroxyprogesterone acetate. (MPA) concentrations and ovarian function following intramuscular injection of depo-MPA publication-title: J Clin Endocrinol Metab doi: 10.1210/jcem-44-1-32 – volume: 61 start-page: 2214 year: 1988 ident: B29 article-title: Effects of antiestrogen and progestin on immune functions in breast cancer patients publication-title: Cancer doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19880601)61:11<2214::AID-CNCR2820611115>3.0.CO;2-V – volume: 14 start-page: 353 year: 1993 ident: B14 article-title: Bidirectional cytokine interaction in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a Th2 phenomenon? publication-title: Immunol Today. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(93)90235-D – volume: 161 start-page: 881 year: 2005 ident: B69 article-title: Hormonal contraceptive use and the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy publication-title: Am J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/aje/kwi116 – volume: 148 start-page: 401 year: 1993 ident: B74 article-title: Prednisolone treatment in asthma is associated with modulation of bronchoalveolar lavage cell interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interferon-gamma cytokine gene expression publication-title: Am Rev Respir Dis doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/148.2.401 – volume: 109 start-page: 721 year: 2004 ident: B23 article-title: Increased risk of breast cancer following different regimens of hormone replacement therapy frequently used in Europe publication-title: Int J Cancer doi: 10.1002/ijc.20016 – volume: 141 start-page: 237 year: 2011 ident: B81 article-title: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-induced signals up-regulate IL-22 production and inhibit inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract publication-title: Gastroenterology doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.007 – volume: 77 start-page: 897 year: 1965 ident: B59 article-title: Effect of synthetic progestational agents on allograft rejection and circulating antibody production publication-title: Endocrinology. doi: 10.1210/endo-77-5-897 – volume: 175 start-page: 7348 year: 2005 ident: B39 article-title: Effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling on the modulation of TH1/TH2 balance publication-title: J Immunol. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7348 – volume: 15 start-page: 161 year: 1995 ident: B58 article-title: Immunobiology and immunopharmacology of organ allograft rejection publication-title: J Clin Immunol. doi: 10.1007/BF01541085 – volume: 20 start-page: 939 year: 2006 ident: B66 article-title: Interferon-gamma decreases replication of primary R5 HIV-1 isolates in thymocytes publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000218563.12897.ba – volume: 453 start-page: 65 year: 2008 ident: B77 article-title: Control of T(reg) and T(H)17 cell differentiation by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature06880 – volume: 77 start-page: 547 year: 2009 ident: B36 article-title: The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the female reproductive system publication-title: Biochem Pharmacol doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.09.037 – volume: 4 start-page: 1020 year: 1998 ident: B7 article-title: Defective production of both leukemia inhibitory factor and type 2 T-helper cytokines by decidual T cells in unexplained reccurrent abortions publication-title: Nat Med. doi: 10.1038/2006 – volume: 137 start-page: 62 year: 1988 ident: B72 article-title: Eosinophils and mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in subjects with mild asthma. Relationship to bronchial hypereactivity publication-title: Am Rev Respir Dis doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/137.1.62 – volume: 5 start-page: 1226 year: 2005 ident: B57 article-title: Recruitment of CXCR3+ and CCR5+ T cells and production of interferon-gamma-inducible chemokines in rejecting human arteries publication-title: Am J Transplant doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.00892.x – volume: 19 start-page: 158 year: 1998 ident: B46 article-title: The molecular basis of T cell differentiation publication-title: Immunol Res – volume: 81 start-page: 1234 year: 2013 ident: B33 article-title: The contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate impairs mycobacterial control and inhibits cytokine secretion in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis publication-title: Infect Immun doi: 10.1128/IAI.01189-12 – volume: 6 start-page: 248 year: 1968 ident: B60 article-title: Immunosuppression with medroxyprogesterone acetate publication-title: Transplantation doi: 10.1097/00007890-196803000-00010 – volume: 107 start-page: 321 year: 1995 ident: B73 article-title: Inhibition of pulmonary eosinophilia and hyperreactivity by antibodies to interleukin-5 publication-title: Int Arch Allergy Immunol doi: 10.1159/000237014 – volume: 579 start-page: 6403 year: 2005 ident: B80 article-title: Over-production of IFN-gamma and IL-12 in AhR-null mice publication-title: FEBS Lett doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.10.023 – volume: 10 start-page: 857 year: 2009 ident: B4 article-title: Production of interleukin 22 but not interleukin 17 by a subset of human skin-homing memory T cells publication-title: Nat Immunol. doi: 10.1038/ni.1767 – volume: 39 start-page: 36 year: 2018 ident: B54 article-title: Hormonal contraception and HIV-1 acquisition: biological mechanisms publication-title: Endocr Rev. doi: 10.1210/er.2017-00103 – volume: 11 start-page: 1123 year: 2005 ident: B3 article-title: Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages publication-title: Nat Immunol. doi: 10.1038/ni1254 – volume: 67 start-page: 1102 year: 1993 ident: B20 article-title: A double blind placebo controlled trial of medroxyprogesterone acetate. (MPA) in cancer cachexia publication-title: Br J Cancer. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1993.202 – volume: 149 start-page: 3023 year: 1992 ident: B64 article-title: IFN-gamma and IL-2 are protective in the skin but pathologic in the corneas of HSV-1 infected mice publication-title: J Immunol. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.149.9.3023 – volume: 25 start-page: 10040 year: 2005 ident: B37 article-title: Intrinsic function of the aryl hydrocarbon. (dioxin) receptor as a key factor in female reproduction publication-title: Mol Cell Biol doi: 10.1128/MCB.25.22.10040-10051.2005 – volume: 13 start-page: 1706 year: 1995 ident: B65 article-title: Immunomodulatory effects of HSV2 glycoprotein D in HSV1 infected mice: implication for immunotherapy of recurrent HSV infection publication-title: Vaccine doi: 10.1016/0264-410X(95)00104-9 – volume: 24 start-page: 439 year: 2004 ident: B61 article-title: Induction and regulation of IFNs during viral infections publication-title: J Interferon Cytokine Res. doi: 10.1089/1079990041689665 – volume: 15 start-page: 19 year: 1994 ident: B71 article-title: Interleukin 13, an interleukin 4-like cytokine that acts on monocytes and B cells, but not on T cells publication-title: Immunol Today doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90021-3 – volume: 37 start-page: 1061 year: 2012 ident: B78 article-title: Th22 cells are an important source of IL-22 for host protection against enteropathogenic bacteria publication-title: Immunity. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.024 – volume: 453 start-page: 106 year: 2008 ident: B76 article-title: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor links TH17-cell-mediated autoimmunity to environmental toxins publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature06881 – volume: 43 start-page: 73 year: 1998 ident: B21 article-title: Injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception: an update for U.S clinicians publication-title: Int J Fertil Womens Med. – volume: 78 start-page: 1033 year: 1991 ident: B19 article-title: Treatment of recurrent and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and medroxyprogesterone acetate publication-title: Obstet Gynecol – volume: 25 start-page: 169 year: 2000 ident: B42 article-title: Absolute quantification of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays publication-title: J Mol Endocrinol doi: 10.1677/jme.0.0250169 – volume: 100 start-page: 655 year: 2000 ident: B48 article-title: A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment publication-title: Cell doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80702-3 – volume: 3 start-page: 814 year: 1971 ident: B49 article-title: Allograft prolongation with synthetic progestins publication-title: Transplant Proc – volume: 15 start-page: 141 year: 1996 ident: B8 article-title: Regulation of fetal allograft survival by a hormone-controlled Th1- and Th2-type cytokines publication-title: Immunol Res. doi: 10.1007/BF02918503 – volume: 36 start-page: 1 year: 2003 ident: B10 article-title: Role of immune cells in pregnancy publication-title: Autoimmunity doi: 10.1080/0891693031000067287 – volume: 30 start-page: 59 year: 1994 ident: B27 article-title: Comparison of chemotherapy with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate for advanced or recurrent breast cancer publication-title: Eur J Cancer doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(94)90123-6 – volume: 81 start-page: 222 year: 2007 ident: B25 article-title: The ACTG A5093 Protocol Team. Depo-medroxyprogesterone in women on antiretroviral therapy: effective contraception and lack of clinically significant interactions publication-title: Clin Pharmacol Ther doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100040 – volume: 182 start-page: 767 year: 2000 ident: B38 article-title: Expression of dioxin-related transactivating factors and target genes in human eutopic endometrial and endometriotic tissues publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(00)70325-5 – volume: 23 start-page: 2001 year: 2008 ident: B43 article-title: Cytokines and chemokines in follicular fluids and potential of the corresponding embryo: the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor publication-title: Hum Reprod doi: 10.1093/humrep/den192 – volume: 350 start-page: 922 year: 1997 ident: B67 article-title: Hormonal contraception, vitamin A deficiency, and other risk factors for shedding of HIV-1 infected cells from the cervix and vagina publication-title: Lancet. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)04240-2 – volume: 179 start-page: 6952 year: 2007 ident: B82 article-title: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is required for optimal resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice publication-title: J Immunol. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6952 – volume: 172 start-page: 1861 year: 1990 ident: B70 article-title: CD40, and IgE: synergism between anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody and interleukin 4 in the induction of IgE synthesis by highly purified human B cells publication-title: J Exp Med. doi: 10.1084/jem.172.6.1861 – volume: 20 start-page: 212 year: 2014 ident: B44 article-title: pathogenetic role of Th17, Th0, and Th2 cells in erosive and reticular orallichen planus publication-title: Oral Dis. doi: 10.1111/odi.12094 – volume: 3 start-page: e478 year: 2015 ident: B52 article-title: Use of injectable hormonal contraception and women's risk of herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition: a prospective study of couples in Rakai, Uganda publication-title: Lancet Glob Health doi: 10.1016/S2214–109X(15)00086–8 – volume: 13 start-page: 9 year: 2015 ident: B15 article-title: T helper cell mediated-tolerance towards fetal allograft in successful pregnancy publication-title: Clin Mol Allergy doi: 10.1186/s12948-015-0015-y – volume: 177 start-page: 1199 year: 1993 ident: B45 article-title: Natural killer cell stimulatory factor. (interleukin 12 [IL-12]) induces T helper type 1. (Th1)-specific immune responses and inhibits the development of IL-4-producing Th cells publication-title: J Exp Med. doi: 10.1084/jem.177.4.1199 – volume: 25 start-page: 461 year: 2000 ident: B50 article-title: Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal asthmatic women publication-title: J Clin Pharm Ther doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.2000.00310.x – volume: 17 start-page: 218 year: 1984 ident: B30 article-title: In vitro functions of lymphocytes during high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate. (MPA) treatment publication-title: Cancer Immunol Immunother doi: 10.1007/BF00205489 – volume: 12 start-page: e1001778 year: 2015 ident: B56 article-title: Hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV acquisition: an individual participant data meta-analysis publication-title: PLoS Med. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001778 – volume: 89 start-page: 393 year: 2015 ident: B35 article-title: Progesterone, as well as 17β-estradiol, is important for regulating AHR battery homoeostasis in the rat uterus publication-title: Arch Toxicol. doi: 10.1007/s00204-014-1261-3 – volume: 52 start-page: 82 year: 2001 ident: B41 article-title: Transient increase in the levels of T-helper 1 cytokines in postmenopausal woman and the effects of hormone replacement therapy publication-title: Ginecol Obstet Invest doi: 10.1159/000052948 – volume: 7 start-page: 145 year: 1989 ident: B1 article-title: TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of Lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties publication-title: Annu Rev Immunol doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045 – volume: 77 start-page: 9845 year: 2003 ident: B63 article-title: Prolonged exposure to progesterone prevents induction of protective mucosal responses following intravaginal immunization with attenuated herpes simplex virus type 2 publication-title: J Virol. doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.18.9845-9851.2003 – volume: 1 start-page: 28 year: 1995 ident: B6 article-title: Progesterone favors the development of human T helper cells producing Th2-type cytokines and promotes both IL-4 production and membrane CD30 expression in established Th1 cell clones publication-title: J Immunol – volume: 47 start-page: 289 year: 2002 ident: B9 article-title: T-cell cytokines in pregnancy publication-title: Am J Reprod Immunol. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.01104.x – volume: 15 start-page: 304 year: 2001 ident: B51 article-title: Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endocrine and spirometric parameters in asthmatic postmenopausal women publication-title: Gynecol Endocrinol doi: 10.1080/gye.15.4.304.311 – volume: 13 start-page: 840 year: 2005 ident: B13 article-title: T cells in normal pregnancy and recurrent pregnancy loss publication-title: Reprod Biomed Online doi: 10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61033-4 – start-page: 1541 volume-title: The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics year: 2006 ident: B18 article-title: Estrogens and progestins – volume: 15 start-page: 796 year: 2013 ident: B17 article-title: Progesterone suppresses Th17 cell responses, and enhances the development of regulatory T cells, through thymic stromal lymphopoietin-dependent mechanisms in experimental gonococcal genital tract infection publication-title: Microbes Infect doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.06.012 – volume: 30 start-page: 447 year: 2009 ident: B79 article-title: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in immunity publication-title: Trends Immunol doi: 10.1016/j.it.2009.06.005 – volume: 52 start-page: 35 year: 2001 ident: B11 article-title: Defective production of LIF, M-CSF and Th2-type cytokines by T cells at fetomaternal interface is associated with pregnancy loss publication-title: J Reprod Immunol. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0378(01)00111-5 – volume: 160 start-page: 2343 year: 1998 ident: B47 article-title: Characterization of cis-regulatory elements and nuclear factors conferring Th2-specific expression of the IL-5 gene: a role for a GATA-binding protein publication-title: J Immunol. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.5.2343 – volume: 16 start-page: 169 year: 2002 ident: B22 article-title: Long-acting progestogens publication-title: Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol doi: 10.1053/beog.2002.0268 – volume: 3 start-page: 1282 year: 2013 ident: B32 article-title: Hormonal contraception and HIV-1 infection: medroxyprogesterone acetate suppresses innate and adaptive immune mechanisms publication-title: Endocrinology doi: 10.1210/en.2012-1850 – volume: 89 start-page: 3 year: 2005 ident: B12 article-title: T cell in pregnancy publication-title: Chem Immunol Allergy doi: 10.1159/000087904 – volume: 8 start-page: 1 year: 2013 ident: B40 article-title: Differential influences of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor on Th17 mediated responses in vitro and in vivo publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079819 – volume: 191 start-page: 3651 year: 2013 ident: B16 article-title: HLA-G5 induces IL-4 secretion critical for successful pregnancy through differential expression of ILT2 receptor on decidual CD4+ T cells and macrophages publication-title: J Immunol doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300567 – volume: 6 start-page: e24639 year: 2016 ident: B31 article-title: Medroxyprogesterone acetate alters Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of contraceptive users publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal – volume: 77 start-page: 4558 year: 2003 ident: B62 article-title: Progesterone increases susceptibility and decreases immune responses to genital herpes infection publication-title: J Virol. doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.8.4558-4565.2003 – volume: 30 start-page: 129 year: 2015 ident: B55 article-title: Risk of HIV Infection in Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate. (DMPA) users: a systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: Issues Law Med – volume: 104 start-page: 80 year: 2001 ident: B34 article-title: Medroxyprogesterone acetate enhances in vivo and in vitro antibody production publication-title: Immunology doi: 10.1046/j.0019-2805.2001.01281.x – volume: 10 start-page: 864 year: 2009 ident: B5 article-title: Identification of a human helper T cell population that has abundant production of interleukin 22 and is distinct from T(H)-17, T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells publication-title: Nat Immunol doi: 10.1038/ni.1770 – volume: 108 start-page: 629 year: 2018 ident: B68 article-title: Changes to the World Health Organization guideline on hormonal contraceptive eligibility for women at high risk of HIV: South African perspective and response publication-title: S Afr Med J doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i8.13160 – volume: 12 start-page: 256 year: 1991 ident: B2 article-title: Human TH1 and TH2 subsets: doubt no more publication-title: Immunol Today doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(91)90120-I |
| SSID | ssj0000493335 |
| Score | 2.365435 |
| Snippet | A synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), was used in a novel study to determine progestin effects on human purified macrophages and Th1, Th2,... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | 642 |
| SubjectTerms | contraception hormone replacement therapy Immunology medroxyprogesterone acetate Th1 Th17 Th2 |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access dbid: M48 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9NAEF5BERIXRHk1QNEicUGqKet9-oCq0FJFSOHQNqI3a727TowaB-IEkX_Ez-zM2g0ERZy4WLLXj13PjOcbzecZQl4zLgvLeZZoDyGKkLZMCs9tworCWueYLQX-4Dz8rAYj8elSXv7-Pbp7gc3W0A77SY3mV29_fl8dgcG_x4gT_O1hWU2nS2RpYelJwNO3yR3wSynq-LAD-19bLMw5l22ucuuFG74plvDfhjv_pk_-4Y9OH5D7HZCk_Vbyu-RWqB-Su21rydUj8msYPDJUkH8ViyHM6kD7DsmFgZ5ErNiEhl5M2AFu9AG1tafwtVgPpCk9awm0sPujsrQ_OKPn1RiRez2mXyaVm9Bj7JBN-5EUQs-XTSTJRL7tii5mcL-W6lU33e1LUMBpTOzTkzY19JiMTj9eHA-SritD4oRKF4lL36nM8ZAFYzzPlCkBwwFycmkIpQwmSOsBJhWGlVYr4bKQKQ_AUlmrjM0Ef0J2aljzHqGKe1EYzTVXGsJEaUxmrPSMmxCYt7JHDm_kkbuuZDl2zrjKIXRBCeZRgjlKMI8S7JE36yu-teU6_nHuBxTx-jwstB0PzObjvLPbvJBcmFJ75UQJ_l5Yb5m2TsNaOPep6JFXNwqSg2FitsXWYbZs8hRr5wnE0z3ytFWY9aMwq8JSBVPQG6q0MZfNkbqaxOLfChCvZuzZ_5j8c3IPX0ckIvEXZGcxX4Z9wFiL4mU0nWv6ISkK priority: 102 providerName: Scholars Portal |
| Title | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Decreases Th1, Th17, and Increases Th22 Responses via AHR Signaling Which Could Affect Susceptibility to Infections and Inflammatory Disease |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31001262 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2211946153 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6456711 https://doaj.org/article/b5348f7d6c4f4134ada17ac7a6833d24 |
| Volume | 10 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1664-3224 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000493335 issn: 1664-3224 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 20100101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1664-3224 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000493335 issn: 1664-3224 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20100101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVBFR databaseName: Free Medical Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1664-3224 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000493335 issn: 1664-3224 databaseCode: DIK dateStart: 20100101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.freemedicaljournals.com providerName: Flying Publisher – providerCode: PRVFQY databaseName: GFMER Free Medical Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1664-3224 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000493335 issn: 1664-3224 databaseCode: GX1 dateStart: 20100101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php providerName: Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 1664-3224 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000493335 issn: 1664-3224 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20100101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVAQN databaseName: PubMed Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1664-3224 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000493335 issn: 1664-3224 databaseCode: RPM dateStart: 20100101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ providerName: National Library of Medicine – providerCode: PRVFZP databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access customDbUrl: eissn: 1664-3224 dateEnd: 20250131 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000493335 issn: 1664-3224 databaseCode: M48 dateStart: 20101001 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://journals.scholarsportal.info providerName: Scholars Portal |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LixNBEG5kQfAivo0vWvAi7BB7-jnHuOsahHjYB-Y29PRjM4uZiJMI-4_8mVZ1z4ZERC9eGubd01U9_RX1zVeEvGFcNpbzqtAeQhQhbSwaz23BmsZa55iNAn9wnn1W0wvxaS7nO6W-kBOW5YHzwI0byYWJ2isnInxwhfWWaeu0VYZzXyYlUFjGdoKpq4x7Oecy5yUhCqvGsV0uN0jlQn1KJcq9dSjJ9f8JY_5OldxZe07ukbsDaKST3Nn75FboHpDbuYzk9UPycxY8slGQa5WED1ZdoBOHRMJAjxMu7ENPzxfsEBt9SG3nKXwZtgfKkp5msixs_mgtnUxP6Vl7iSi9u6RfFq1b0COshk0niQBCzzZ9IsQkbu01Xa_gfpnW1fXD7SM42zIl8elxTgM9IhcnH86PpsVQgaFwQpXrwpXvVOV4qIIxnlfKRMBrgJJcGUKUwQRpPUCixrBotRKuCpXyACKVBfPYSvDH5KCDd35KqOJeNEZzzZWGkFAaUxkrPeMmBOatHJHxjT1qN8iTY5WMrzWEKWjBOlmwRgvWyYIj8nZ7xbcszfGXc9-jibfnoah22gGuVg-uVv_L1Ubk9Y2D1DAJMbNiu7Da9HWJOnkCsfOIPMkOs30UZlBYqaALes-V9vqyf6RrF0noWwG61Yw9-x-df07u4HAk0hF_QQ7W3zfhJeCpdfMqTR1oP84ZtDNhfgEv_CKu |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Medroxyprogesterone+Acetate+Decreases+Th1%2C+Th17%2C+and+Increases+Th22+Responses+via+AHR+Signaling+Which+Could+Affect+Susceptibility+to+Infections+and+Inflammatory+Disease&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+immunology&rft.au=Marie-Pierre+Piccinni&rft.au=Letizia+Lombardelli&rft.au=Federica+Logiodice&rft.au=Ornela+Kullolli&rft.date=2019-04-03&rft.pub=Frontiers+Media+S.A&rft.eissn=1664-3224&rft.volume=10&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffimmu.2019.00642&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_b5348f7d6c4f4134ada17ac7a6833d24 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1664-3224&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1664-3224&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1664-3224&client=summon |