Cardiac Rehabilitation in Older Adults

The biology of aging and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) overlap, with the effect that CVD is endemic in the growing population of older adults. Moreover, CVD in older adults is usually complicated by age-related complexities, including multimorbidity, polypharmacy, frailty, and...

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Published inCanadian journal of cardiology Vol. 32; no. 9; pp. 1088 - 1096
Main Authors Schopfer, David W., Forman, Daniel E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Inc 01.09.2016
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0828-282X
1916-7075
DOI10.1016/j.cjca.2016.03.003

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Abstract The biology of aging and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) overlap, with the effect that CVD is endemic in the growing population of older adults. Moreover, CVD in older adults is usually complicated by age-related complexities, including multimorbidity, polypharmacy, frailty, and other intricacies that add to the risks of ambiguous symptoms, deconditioning, iatrogenesis, falls, disability, and other challenges. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive lifestyle program that can have particular benefit for older patients with cardiovascular conditions. Although CR was originally designed primarily as an exercise training program for younger adults after a myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass surgery, it has evolved as a comprehensive lifestyle program (promoting physical activity as well as education, diet, risk reduction, and adherence) for a broader range of CVD (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and valvular heart disease). It provides a valuable opportunity to address and moderate many of the challenges pertinent for the large and growing population of older adults with CVD. Cardiac rehabilitation promotes physical function (cardiorespiratory fitness as well as strength and balance) that helps overcome disease and deconditioning as well as related vulnerabilities such as disability, frailty, and falls. Similarly, CR facilitates education, monitoring, and guidance to reduce iatrogenesis and promote adherence. Furthermore, CR fosters cognition, socialization, and independence in older patients. Yet despite all its conceptual benefits, CR is significantly underused in older populations. This review discusses benefits and the paradoxical underuse of CR, as well as evolving models of care that may achieve greater application and efficacy. Les caractéristiques biologiques du vieillissement et la physiopathologie des maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) se combinent, ce qui fait en sorte que les MCV touchent, de manière endémique, une proportion toujours plus grande de personnes âgées. Chez ces personnes, la MCV se complique en outre des problématiques propres à l’âge comme la plurimorbidité, la prise de nombreux médicaments, la fragilité et diverses autres difficultés qui viennent augmenter le risque de survenue de symptômes ambigus, d’un déconditionnement, d’une iatrogénèse, d’une chute, d’une incapacité, etc. La réhabilitation cardiaque est un programme du mode de vie complet qui peut être particulièrement bénéfique pour les personnes âgées atteintes de MCV. Au départ, la réhabilitation cardiaque était essentiellement un programme d’exercice destiné aux adultes encore jeunes qui avaient été victimes d’un infarctus du myocarde ou qui avaient subi des pontages aortocoronariens. Au fil du temps, il a peu à peu évolué jusqu’à devenir un programme du mode de vie complet incorporant l’activité physique, la formation des patients, l’alimentation, la réduction des risques et l’observance du traitement, et il est désormais offert à un grand nombre de patients atteints de MCV (coronaropathie, insuffisance cardiaque et valvulopathie). Un tel programme permettrait à un nombre croissant de personnes âgées atteintes de MCV de s’attaquer efficacement à leur maladie et d’atténuer certaines des difficultés auxquelles elles sont confrontées puisqu’il vise à restaurer la condition physique dans son ensemble (capacité cardiorespiratoire, force musculaire et équilibre). La réhabilitation cardiaque comporte également la prestation d’une formation au patient et permet d’assurer un meilleur suivi, ce qui permet de réduire le risque d’une iatrogénèse, en plus de favoriser l’observance du traitement. La réhabilitation cardiaque stimule les capacités cognitives, permet aux personnes âgées de socialiser et les aide à vivre de manière plus indépendante. Même s’il comporte énormément d’avantages, ce type de programme est encore beaucoup trop peu utilisé auprès des personnes âgées. Cet article traite des bienfaits et de la paradoxale sous-utilisation de la réhabilitation cardiaque auprès des personnes âgées atteintes de MCV ainsi que de l’évolution des modèles de soin qui pourrait mener à une meilleure utilisation et à une plus grande efficacité d’un tel programme.
AbstractList The biology of aging and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) overlap, with the effect that CVD is endemic in the growing population of older adults. Moreover, CVD in older adults is usually complicated by age-related complexities, including multimorbidity, polypharmacy, frailty, and other intricacies that add to the risks of ambiguous symptoms, deconditioning, iatrogenesis, falls, disability, and other challenges. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive lifestyle program that can have particular benefit for older patients with cardiovascular conditions. Although CR was originally designed primarily as an exercise training program for younger adults after a myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass surgery, it has evolved as a comprehensive lifestyle program (promoting physical activity as well as education, diet, risk reduction, and adherence) for a broader range of CVD (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and valvular heart disease). It provides a valuable opportunity to address and moderate many of the challenges pertinent for the large and growing population of older adults with CVD. Cardiac rehabilitation promotes physical function (cardiorespiratory fitness as well as strength and balance) that helps overcome disease and deconditioning as well as related vulnerabilities such as disability, frailty, and falls. Similarly, CR facilitates education, monitoring, and guidance to reduce iatrogenesis and promote adherence. Furthermore, CR fosters cognition, socialization, and independence in older patients. Yet despite all its conceptual benefits, CR is significantly underused in older populations. This review discusses benefits and the paradoxical underuse of CR, as well as evolving models of care that may achieve greater application and efficacy. Les caractéristiques biologiques du vieillissement et la physiopathologie des maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) se combinent, ce qui fait en sorte que les MCV touchent, de manière endémique, une proportion toujours plus grande de personnes âgées. Chez ces personnes, la MCV se complique en outre des problématiques propres à l’âge comme la plurimorbidité, la prise de nombreux médicaments, la fragilité et diverses autres difficultés qui viennent augmenter le risque de survenue de symptômes ambigus, d’un déconditionnement, d’une iatrogénèse, d’une chute, d’une incapacité, etc. La réhabilitation cardiaque est un programme du mode de vie complet qui peut être particulièrement bénéfique pour les personnes âgées atteintes de MCV. Au départ, la réhabilitation cardiaque était essentiellement un programme d’exercice destiné aux adultes encore jeunes qui avaient été victimes d’un infarctus du myocarde ou qui avaient subi des pontages aortocoronariens. Au fil du temps, il a peu à peu évolué jusqu’à devenir un programme du mode de vie complet incorporant l’activité physique, la formation des patients, l’alimentation, la réduction des risques et l’observance du traitement, et il est désormais offert à un grand nombre de patients atteints de MCV (coronaropathie, insuffisance cardiaque et valvulopathie). Un tel programme permettrait à un nombre croissant de personnes âgées atteintes de MCV de s’attaquer efficacement à leur maladie et d’atténuer certaines des difficultés auxquelles elles sont confrontées puisqu’il vise à restaurer la condition physique dans son ensemble (capacité cardiorespiratoire, force musculaire et équilibre). La réhabilitation cardiaque comporte également la prestation d’une formation au patient et permet d’assurer un meilleur suivi, ce qui permet de réduire le risque d’une iatrogénèse, en plus de favoriser l’observance du traitement. La réhabilitation cardiaque stimule les capacités cognitives, permet aux personnes âgées de socialiser et les aide à vivre de manière plus indépendante. Même s’il comporte énormément d’avantages, ce type de programme est encore beaucoup trop peu utilisé auprès des personnes âgées. Cet article traite des bienfaits et de la paradoxale sous-utilisation de la réhabilitation cardiaque auprès des personnes âgées atteintes de MCV ainsi que de l’évolution des modèles de soin qui pourrait mener à une meilleure utilisation et à une plus grande efficacité d’un tel programme.
The biology of aging and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) overlap, with the effect that CVD is endemic in the growing population of older adults. Moreover, CVD in older adults is usually complicated by age-related complexities, including multimorbidity, polypharmacy, frailty, and other intricacies that add to the risks of ambiguous symptoms, deconditioning, iatrogenesis, falls, disability, and other challenges. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive lifestyle program that can have particular benefit for older patients with cardiovascular conditions. Although CR was originally designed primarily as an exercise training program for younger adults after a myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass surgery, it has evolved as a comprehensive lifestyle program (promoting physical activity as well as education, diet, risk reduction, and adherence) for a broader range of CVD (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and valvular heart disease). It provides a valuable opportunity to address and moderate many of the challenges pertinent for the large and growing population of older adults with CVD. Cardiac rehabilitation promotes physical function (cardiorespiratory fitness as well as strength and balance) that helps overcome disease and deconditioning as well as related vulnerabilities such as disability, frailty, and falls. Similarly, CR facilitates education, monitoring, and guidance to reduce iatrogenesis and promote adherence. Furthermore, CR fosters cognition, socialization, and independence in older patients. Yet despite all its conceptual benefits, CR is significantly underused in older populations. This review discusses benefits and the paradoxical underuse of CR, as well as evolving models of care that may achieve greater application and efficacy.
Abstract The biology of aging and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) overlap, with the effect that CVD is endemic in the growing population of older adults. Moreover, CVD in older adults is usually complicated by age-related complexities, including multimorbidity, polypharmacy, frailty, and other intricacies that add to the risks of ambiguous symptoms, deconditioning, iatrogenesis, falls, disability, and other challenges. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive lifestyle program that can have particular benefit for older patients with cardiovascular conditions. Although CR was originally designed primarily as an exercise training program for younger adults after a myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass surgery, it has evolved as a comprehensive lifestyle program (promoting physical activity as well as education, diet, risk reduction, and adherence) for a broader range of CVD (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and valvular heart disease). It provides a valuable opportunity to address and moderate many of the challenges pertinent for the large and growing population of older adults with CVD. Cardiac rehabilitation promotes physical function (cardiorespiratory fitness as well as strength and balance) that helps overcome disease and deconditioning as well as related vulnerabilities such as disability, frailty, and falls. Similarly, CR facilitates education, monitoring, and guidance to reduce iatrogenesis and promote adherence. Furthermore, CR fosters cognition, socialization, and independence in older patients. Yet despite all its conceptual benefits, CR is significantly underused in older populations. This review discusses benefits and the paradoxical underuse of CR, as well as evolving models of care that may achieve greater application and efficacy.
Author Schopfer, David W.
Forman, Daniel E.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: David W.
  surname: Schopfer
  fullname: Schopfer, David W.
  organization: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Daniel E.
  surname: Forman
  fullname: Forman, Daniel E.
  email: formand@pitt.edu
  organization: Geriatric Cardiology Section, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27297002$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet The biology of aging and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) overlap, with the effect that CVD is endemic in the growing population of older...
Abstract The biology of aging and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) overlap, with the effect that CVD is endemic in the growing population of...
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SubjectTerms Aged
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular Diseases - therapy
Cognitive Dysfunction - prevention & control
Depression - therapy
Exercise Tolerance
Humans
Life Style
Mortality
Patient Compliance
Patient Education as Topic
Quality of Life
Referral and Consultation
Social Participation
Title Cardiac Rehabilitation in Older Adults
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2016.03.003
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27297002
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Volume 32
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