What Have We Learnt about BCG Vaccination in the Last 20 Years?

A number of new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines have been or are entering clinical trials, which include genetically modified mycobacteria, mycobacterial antigens delivered by viral vectors, or mycobacterial antigens in adjuvant. Some of these vaccines aim to replace the existing BCG vaccine but others w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 8; p. 1134
Main Authors Dockrell, Hazel M., Smith, Steven G.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 13.09.2017
Subjects
BCG
biomarkers
correlates of protection
efficacy
Immunology
tuberculosis
vaccination
correlates of protection
infants
biomarkers
BCG
tuberculosis
efficacy
immune responses
vaccination
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ISSN1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI10.3389/fimmu.2017.01134

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Summary:A number of new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines have been or are entering clinical trials, which include genetically modified mycobacteria, mycobacterial antigens delivered by viral vectors, or mycobacterial antigens in adjuvant. Some of these vaccines aim to replace the existing BCG vaccine but others will be given as a boosting vaccine following BCG vaccination given soon after birth. It is clear that the existing BCG vaccines provide incomplete and variable protection against pulmonary TB. This review will discuss what we have learnt over the last 20 years about how the BCG vaccine induces specific and non-specific immunity, what factors influence the immune responses induced by BCG, and progress toward identifying correlates of immunity against TB from BCG vaccination studies. There is still a lot to learn about the BCG vaccine and the insights gained can help the development of more protective vaccines.
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Edited by: Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPG), Germany
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
Reviewed by: Brosch Roland, Louis Pasteur University, France; Marcel Behr, McGill University, Canada
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01134