Chemical and Structural Responses to Downregulated p-Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A: Quinate/Shikimate p-Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in Poplar Cell Walls

Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structur...

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Published inFrontiers in plant science Vol. 12; p. 679230
Main Authors Su, Minglei, Liu, Yingli, Lyu, Jianxiong, Zhao, Shutang, Wang, Yurong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 25.01.2022
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ISSN1664-462X
1664-462X
DOI10.3389/fpls.2021.679230

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Abstract Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for p -hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate p -hydroxycinnamoyltransferase ( HCT ) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K ( Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. ‘84k’ ) at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of HCT transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of HCT transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of p -hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of HCT transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the HCT transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of HCT did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls.
AbstractList Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for -hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate -hydroxycinnamoyltransferase ( ) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K ( ) at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of -hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls.
Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for p -hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate p -hydroxycinnamoyltransferase ( HCT ) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K ( Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. ‘84k’ ) at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of HCT transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of HCT transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of p -hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of HCT transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the HCT transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of HCT did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls.
Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for p-hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. '84k') at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of HCT transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of HCT transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of p-hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of HCT transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the HCT transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of HCT did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls.Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for p-hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. '84k') at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of HCT transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of HCT transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of p-hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of HCT transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the HCT transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of HCT did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls.
Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for p-hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. ‘84k’) at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of HCT transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of HCT transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of p-hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of HCT transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the HCT transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of HCT did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls.
Author Liu, Yingli
Lyu, Jianxiong
Zhao, Shutang
Wang, Yurong
Su, Minglei
AuthorAffiliation 3 State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Beijing , China
1 Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Beijing , China
2 Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan , Beijing , China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Beijing , China
– name: 3 State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Beijing , China
– name: 2 Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan , Beijing , China
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Keywords HCT
structural properties
lignin
poplar
cell wall components
Language English
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Edited by: Taku Demura, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Japan
Reviewed by: Akiyoshi Kawaoka, Akita Jujo Chemicals Co. Ltd., Japan; Igor Cesarino, University of São Paulo, Brazil
This article was submitted to Plant Biotechnology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science
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Snippet Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic...
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SubjectTerms cell wall components
HCT
lignin
Plant Science
poplar
structural properties
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Title Chemical and Structural Responses to Downregulated p-Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A: Quinate/Shikimate p-Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in Poplar Cell Walls
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