Chemical and Structural Responses to Downregulated p-Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A: Quinate/Shikimate p-Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in Poplar Cell Walls
Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structur...
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| Published in | Frontiers in plant science Vol. 12; p. 679230 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
25.01.2022
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1664-462X 1664-462X |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpls.2021.679230 |
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| Abstract | Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for
p
-hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate
p
-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (
HCT
) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K (
Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. ‘84k’
) at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of
HCT
transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of
HCT
transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of
p
-hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of
HCT
transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the
HCT
transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of
HCT
did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for
-hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate
-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (
) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K (
) at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of
transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of
transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of
-hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of
transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the
transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of
did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls. Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for p -hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate p -hydroxycinnamoyltransferase ( HCT ) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K ( Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. ‘84k’ ) at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of HCT transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of HCT transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of p -hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of HCT transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the HCT transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of HCT did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls. Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for p-hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. '84k') at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of HCT transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of HCT transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of p-hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of HCT transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the HCT transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of HCT did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls.Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for p-hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. '84k') at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of HCT transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of HCT transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of p-hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of HCT transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the HCT transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of HCT did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls. Unraveling the impact of lignin reduction on cell wall construction of poplar stems is important for accurate understanding the regulatory role of biosynthetic genes. However, few cell-level studies have been conducted on the changes in lignin, other important cell wall composition, and the structural properties of transgenic poplar stems at different developmental stages. In this work, the content and microdistributions of cell wall composition as well as the morphological characteristics of cells were studied for p-hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:quinate/shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) downregulated transgenic poplar 84K (Populus alba × P. glandulosa cl. ‘84k’) at different developmental stages. Results show that the lignin contents of the upper, middle, and basal parts of HCT transgenic poplar stems were significantly decreased by 10.84, 7.40, and 7.75%, respectively; and the cellulose contents increased by 8.20, 6.45, and 3.31%, respectively, compared with the control group. The cellulose/lignin ratio of HCT transgenic poplars was therefore increased, especially in the upper sections, where it was 23.2% higher. Raman results indicate the appearance of p-hydroxyphenyl units (H) and a decrease in the ratio of syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin monomers in fiber cell walls of HCT transgenic poplars. In addition, microstructure observations revealed that the fiber and vessel cells of the HCT transgenic poplars exhibited thin cell walls and large lumen diameters. Compared with the control group, the cell wall thickness of fiber and vessel cells decreased by 6.50 and 10.93% on average, respectively. There was a 13.6% decrease in the average ratio of the cell wall thickness to the lumen diameter and an increase in fiber length and width of 5.60 and 6.11%, respectively. In addition, downregulation of HCT did not change the orientation of cellulosic microfibrils, but it led to an 11.1% increase of the cellulose crystallinity in cell walls compared to the control poplars. The information obtained herein could lead to a better understanding of the effects of genetic modifications on wood cell walls. |
| Author | Liu, Yingli Lyu, Jianxiong Zhao, Shutang Wang, Yurong Su, Minglei |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Beijing , China 1 Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Beijing , China 2 Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan , Beijing , China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Beijing , China – name: 3 State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Beijing , China – name: 2 Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan , Beijing , China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Minglei surname: Su fullname: Su, Minglei – sequence: 2 givenname: Yingli surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yingli – sequence: 3 givenname: Jianxiong surname: Lyu fullname: Lyu, Jianxiong – sequence: 4 givenname: Shutang surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Shutang – sequence: 5 givenname: Yurong surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yurong |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35154167$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_f14040811 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_carbpol_2023_121076 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_4c10101 crossref_primary_10_3390_plants14030459 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2024_151422 crossref_primary_10_1111_jipb_13589 crossref_primary_10_3390_plants13071042 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xplc_2022_100465 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scienta_2024_113541 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.011 10.1038/11758 10.1105/tpc.020297 10.1007/s12155-009-9056-8 10.1021/jf020516x 10.1366/000370203321165214 10.1023/A:1016616920539 10.1007/s00425-018-2931-9 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00387-2 10.1186/s13068-015-0316-x 10.1038/srep05054 10.1021/bm100487e 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.074 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.069 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.448-453.972 10.1007/s12155-012-9218-y 10.1080/02773813.2011.562338 10.1007/s00425-006-0295-z 10.3791/1837 10.1007/s00226-015-0700-5 10.1111/tpj.13584 10.1080/02773813.2015.1112404 10.1104/pp.110.155119 10.1021/bk-1987-0340.ch008 10.1007/s00226-011-0405-3 10.1111/nph.12028 10.1073/pnas.0706537105 10.1515/HF.2008.112 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00118-2 10.1073/pnas.0505749102 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.005 10.1073/pnas.0701428104 10.1074/jbc.M209362200 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.04.002 10.1007/s12155-016-9713-7 10.1093/jxb/erz180 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.022 10.1038/s41598-018-28675-5 10.1007/978-1-4939-6722-3_15 10.1111/nph.12179 10.1007/BF02615226 10.1007/s10529-012-1061-x 10.1093/pcp/pcw016 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02951.x 10.1007/s11434-008-0477-0 |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2022 Su, Liu, Lyu, Zhao and Wang. Copyright © 2022 Su, Liu, Lyu, Zhao and Wang. 2022 Su, Liu, Lyu, Zhao and Wang |
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| Keywords | HCT structural properties lignin poplar cell wall components |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Taku Demura, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Japan Reviewed by: Akiyoshi Kawaoka, Akita Jujo Chemicals Co. Ltd., Japan; Igor Cesarino, University of São Paulo, Brazil This article was submitted to Plant Biotechnology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Title | Chemical and Structural Responses to Downregulated p-Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A: Quinate/Shikimate p-Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in Poplar Cell Walls |
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