Visceral adiposity in persons with chronic spinal cord injury determined by dual energy X‐Ray absorptiometry
Objective To determine visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (VATvol) by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in spinal cord injured (SCI) and able‐bodied (AB) participants and to explore the relationships between VATvol and routine anthropometric measures. Methods Sixty‐three subjects with SCI and...
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| Published in | Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Vol. 23; no. 9; pp. 1811 - 1817 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.09.2015
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1930-7381 1930-739X 1930-739X |
| DOI | 10.1002/oby.21194 |
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| Abstract | Objective
To determine visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (VATvol) by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in spinal cord injured (SCI) and able‐bodied (AB) participants and to explore the relationships between VATvol and routine anthropometric measures.
Methods
Sixty‐three subjects with SCI and 126 healthy male AB controls were stratified as low risk [LR: waist circumference (WC) < 102 cm] and moderate to high risk (MHR: WC ≥ 102 cm) for identification of risk for cardiometabolic disease: AB‐LR, SCI‐LR, AB‐MHR, and SCI‐MHR. Anthropometrics and standard body composition measurements by DXA with analysis to derive VATvol were performed.
Results
Comparison of the four subgroups demonstrated the highest subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (SATvol) in the AB‐MHR group (P < 0.01), and the highest VATvol in the SCI‐MHR group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, when compared to the AB group, participants with SCI had a 27% increase in VATvol for every centimeter increase in WC and a 20% increase in VATvol for every unit increase in BMI.
Conclusions
Because cutoff values for the routine surrogate measures of adiposity underestimate visceral adiposity in persons with SCI, the risk of adverse metabolic consequences would also be underestimated, which necessitates adjustment of the these cutoff values or, preferably, to perform its direct measurement. |
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| AbstractList | To determine visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (VAT^sub vol^) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in spinal cord injured (SCI) and able-bodied (AB) participants and to explore the relationships between VAT^sub vol^ and routine anthropometric measures. Sixty-three subjects with SCI and 126 healthy male AB controls were stratified as low risk [LR: waist circumference (WC) < 102 cm] and moderate to high risk (MHR: WC ≥ 102 cm) for identification of risk for cardiometabolic disease: AB-LR, SCI-LR, AB-MHR, and SCI-MHR. Anthropometrics and standard body composition measurements by DXA with analysis to derive VAT^sub vol^ were performed. Comparison of the four subgroups demonstrated the highest subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (SAT^sub vol^) in the AB-MHR group (P < 0.01), and the highest VAT^sub vol^ in the SCI-MHR group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, when compared to the AB group, participants with SCI had a 27% increase in VAT^sub vol^ for every centimeter increase in WC and a 20% increase in VAT^sub vol^ for every unit increase in BMI. Because cutoff values for the routine surrogate measures of adiposity underestimate visceral adiposity in persons with SCI, the risk of adverse metabolic consequences would also be underestimated, which necessitates adjustment of the these cutoff values or, preferably, to perform its direct measurement. Objective To determine visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (VATvol) by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in spinal cord injured (SCI) and able‐bodied (AB) participants and to explore the relationships between VATvol and routine anthropometric measures. Methods Sixty‐three subjects with SCI and 126 healthy male AB controls were stratified as low risk [LR: waist circumference (WC) < 102 cm] and moderate to high risk (MHR: WC ≥ 102 cm) for identification of risk for cardiometabolic disease: AB‐LR, SCI‐LR, AB‐MHR, and SCI‐MHR. Anthropometrics and standard body composition measurements by DXA with analysis to derive VATvol were performed. Results Comparison of the four subgroups demonstrated the highest subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (SATvol) in the AB‐MHR group (P < 0.01), and the highest VATvol in the SCI‐MHR group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, when compared to the AB group, participants with SCI had a 27% increase in VATvol for every centimeter increase in WC and a 20% increase in VATvol for every unit increase in BMI. Conclusions Because cutoff values for the routine surrogate measures of adiposity underestimate visceral adiposity in persons with SCI, the risk of adverse metabolic consequences would also be underestimated, which necessitates adjustment of the these cutoff values or, preferably, to perform its direct measurement. To determine visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (VATvol) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in spinal cord injured (SCI) and able-bodied (AB) participants and to explore the relationships between VATvol and routine anthropometric measures. Sixty-three subjects with SCI and 126 healthy male AB controls were stratified as low risk [LR: waist circumference (WC) < 102 cm] and moderate to high risk (MHR: WC ≥ 102 cm) for identification of risk for cardiometabolic disease: AB-LR, SCI-LR, AB-MHR, and SCI-MHR. Anthropometrics and standard body composition measurements by DXA with analysis to derive VATvol were performed. Comparison of the four subgroups demonstrated the highest subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (SATvol) in the AB-MHR group (P < 0.01), and the highest VATvol in the SCI-MHR group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, when compared to the AB group, participants with SCI had a 27% increase in VATvol for every centimeter increase in WC and a 20% increase in VATvol for every unit increase in BMI. Because cutoff values for the routine surrogate measures of adiposity underestimate visceral adiposity in persons with SCI, the risk of adverse metabolic consequences would also be underestimated, which necessitates adjustment of the these cutoff values or, preferably, to perform its direct measurement. OBJECTIVETo determine visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (VATvol) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in spinal cord injured (SCI) and able-bodied (AB) participants and to explore the relationships between VATvol and routine anthropometric measures.METHODSSixty-three subjects with SCI and 126 healthy male AB controls were stratified as low risk [LR: waist circumference (WC) < 102 cm] and moderate to high risk (MHR: WC ≥ 102 cm) for identification of risk for cardiometabolic disease: AB-LR, SCI-LR, AB-MHR, and SCI-MHR. Anthropometrics and standard body composition measurements by DXA with analysis to derive VATvol were performed.RESULTSComparison of the four subgroups demonstrated the highest subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (SATvol) in the AB-MHR group (P < 0.01), and the highest VATvol in the SCI-MHR group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, when compared to the AB group, participants with SCI had a 27% increase in VATvol for every centimeter increase in WC and a 20% increase in VATvol for every unit increase in BMI.CONCLUSIONSBecause cutoff values for the routine surrogate measures of adiposity underestimate visceral adiposity in persons with SCI, the risk of adverse metabolic consequences would also be underestimated, which necessitates adjustment of the these cutoff values or, preferably, to perform its direct measurement. |
| Author | Spungen, Ann M. Kirshblum, Steven C. Dengel, Donald R. Bauman, William A. Cirnigliaro, Christopher M. LaFountaine, Michael F. Asselin, Pierre Sauer, Sue Bosch, Tyler A. Emmons, Racine R. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Christopher M. surname: Cirnigliaro fullname: Cirnigliaro, Christopher M. organization: James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center – sequence: 2 givenname: Michael F. surname: LaFountaine fullname: LaFountaine, Michael F. organization: Seton Hall University – sequence: 3 givenname: Donald R. surname: Dengel fullname: Dengel, Donald R. organization: School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota – sequence: 4 givenname: Tyler A. surname: Bosch fullname: Bosch, Tyler A. organization: School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota – sequence: 5 givenname: Racine R. surname: Emmons fullname: Emmons, Racine R. organization: William Patterson University – sequence: 6 givenname: Steven C. surname: Kirshblum fullname: Kirshblum, Steven C. organization: Rutgers New Jersey Medical School – sequence: 7 givenname: Sue surname: Sauer fullname: Sauer, Sue organization: Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation – sequence: 8 givenname: Pierre surname: Asselin fullname: Asselin, Pierre organization: James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center – sequence: 9 givenname: Ann M. surname: Spungen fullname: Spungen, Ann M. organization: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai – sequence: 10 givenname: William A. surname: Bauman fullname: Bauman, William A. organization: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26239944$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | 2015 The Obesity Society 2015 The Obesity Society. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Sep 2015 |
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| Notes | The authors declared no conflict of interest. Disclosure Funding agencies Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Service (#B4162C) and the James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center. SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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To determine visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (VATvol) by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in spinal cord injured (SCI) and able‐bodied... To determine visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (VATvol) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in spinal cord injured (SCI) and able-bodied (AB)... To determine visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (VAT^sub vol^) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in spinal cord injured (SCI) and able-bodied (AB)... OBJECTIVETo determine visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (VATvol) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in spinal cord injured (SCI) and able-bodied (AB)... |
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| SubjectTerms | Abdomen Absorptiometry, Photon Adiposity Adult Aged Cardiovascular disease Female Humans Intra-Abdominal Fat - diagnostic imaging Male Methods Middle Aged Obesity, Abdominal - complications Obesity, Abdominal - diagnostic imaging Spinal cord injuries Spinal Cord Injuries - complications Spinal Cord Injuries - metabolism Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology Subcutaneous Fat - diagnostic imaging Waist Circumference |
| Title | Visceral adiposity in persons with chronic spinal cord injury determined by dual energy X‐Ray absorptiometry |
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