Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: Tailored-Made Nanomaterials for Medical Applications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising nanoscale therapeutics due to their intrinsic role as mediators of intercellular communication, regulating tissue development and homeostasis. The low immunogenicity and natural cell-targeting capabilities of EVs has led to extensive research in...

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Published inNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 10; no. 9; p. 1838
Main Authors Man, Kenny, Brunet, Mathieu Y., Jones, Marie-Christine, Cox, Sophie C.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 15.09.2020
MDPI
Subjects
Angiogenesis
Apoptosis
Biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Biomimetics
Biosynthesis
Cell interactions
Efficiency
Engineering
Enzymes
EV engineering
exosomes
Extracellular vesicles
Genomes
Heterogeneity
Homeostasis
Hydrogels
Immunogenicity
microvesicles
Nanomaterials
nanomedicine
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Plasma
Proteins
Regeneration (physiology)
regenerative medicine
Review
Tissue engineering
Vesicles
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI10.3390/nano10091838

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Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising nanoscale therapeutics due to their intrinsic role as mediators of intercellular communication, regulating tissue development and homeostasis. The low immunogenicity and natural cell-targeting capabilities of EVs has led to extensive research investigating their potential as novel acellular tools for tissue regeneration or for the diagnosis of pathological conditions. However, the clinical use of EVs has been hindered by issues with yield and heterogeneity. From the modification of parental cells and naturally-derived vesicles to the development of artificial biomimetic nanoparticles or the functionalisation of biomaterials, a multitude of techniques have been employed to augment EVs therapeutic efficacy. This review will explore various engineering strategies that could promote EVs scalability and therapeutic effectiveness beyond their native utility. Herein, we highlight the current state-of-the-art EV-engineering techniques with discussion of opportunities and obstacles for each. This is synthesised into a guide for selecting a suitable strategy to maximise the potential efficacy of EVs as nanoscale therapeutics.
AbstractList Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising nanoscale therapeutics due to their intrinsic role as mediators of intercellular communication, regulating tissue development and homeostasis. The low immunogenicity and natural cell-targeting capabilities of EVs has led to extensive research investigating their potential as novel acellular tools for tissue regeneration or for the diagnosis of pathological conditions. However, the clinical use of EVs has been hindered by issues with yield and heterogeneity. From the modification of parental cells and naturally-derived vesicles to the development of artificial biomimetic nanoparticles or the functionalisation of biomaterials, a multitude of techniques have been employed to augment EVs therapeutic efficacy. This review will explore various engineering strategies that could promote EVs scalability and therapeutic effectiveness beyond their native utility. Herein, we highlight the current state-of-the-art EV-engineering techniques with discussion of opportunities and obstacles for each. This is synthesised into a guide for selecting a suitable strategy to maximise the potential efficacy of EVs as nanoscale therapeutics.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising nanoscale therapeutics due to their intrinsic role as mediators of intercellular communication, regulating tissue development and homeostasis. The low immunogenicity and natural cell-targeting capabilities of EVs has led to extensive research investigating their potential as novel acellular tools for tissue regeneration or for the diagnosis of pathological conditions. However, the clinical use of EVs has been hindered by issues with yield and heterogeneity. From the modification of parental cells and naturally-derived vesicles to the development of artificial biomimetic nanoparticles or the functionalisation of biomaterials, a multitude of techniques have been employed to augment EVs therapeutic efficacy. This review will explore various engineering strategies that could promote EVs scalability and therapeutic effectiveness beyond their native utility. Herein, we highlight the current state-of-the-art EV-engineering techniques with discussion of opportunities and obstacles for each. This is synthesised into a guide for selecting a suitable strategy to maximise the potential efficacy of EVs as nanoscale therapeutics.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising nanoscale therapeutics due to their intrinsic role as mediators of intercellular communication, regulating tissue development and homeostasis. The low immunogenicity and natural cell-targeting capabilities of EVs has led to extensive research investigating their potential as novel acellular tools for tissue regeneration or for the diagnosis of pathological conditions. However, the clinical use of EVs has been hindered by issues with yield and heterogeneity. From the modification of parental cells and naturally-derived vesicles to the development of artificial biomimetic nanoparticles or the functionalisation of biomaterials, a multitude of techniques have been employed to augment EVs therapeutic efficacy. This review will explore various engineering strategies that could promote EVs scalability and therapeutic effectiveness beyond their native utility. Herein, we highlight the current state-of-the-art EV-engineering techniques with discussion of opportunities and obstacles for each. This is synthesised into a guide for selecting a suitable strategy to maximise the potential efficacy of EVs as nanoscale therapeutics.
Author Brunet, Mathieu Y.
Jones, Marie-Christine
Cox, Sophie C.
Man, Kenny
AuthorAffiliation 2 School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; m.c.jones@bham.ac.uk
1 School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; k.l.man@bham.ac.uk (K.M.); MYB925@student.bham.ac.uk (M.Y.B.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; k.l.man@bham.ac.uk (K.M.); MYB925@student.bham.ac.uk (M.Y.B.)
– name: 2 School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; m.c.jones@bham.ac.uk
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  givenname: Sophie C.
  surname: Cox
  fullname: Cox, Sophie C.
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Snippet Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising nanoscale therapeutics due to their intrinsic role as mediators of intercellular communication,...
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SubjectTerms Angiogenesis
Apoptosis
Biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Biomimetics
Biosynthesis
Cell interactions
Efficiency
Engineering
Enzymes
EV engineering
exosomes
Extracellular vesicles
Genomes
Heterogeneity
Homeostasis
Hydrogels
Immunogenicity
microvesicles
Nanomaterials
nanomedicine
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Plasma
Proteins
Regeneration (physiology)
regenerative medicine
Review
Tissue engineering
Vesicles
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Title Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: Tailored-Made Nanomaterials for Medical Applications
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