Fatty Acid Metabolites Combine with Reduced β Oxidation to Activate Th17 Inflammation in Human Type 2 Diabetes

Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17 profile that predicts the metabolic status of people with obesity are untested. Th17 function requires fatty acid uptake, and our new data s...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inCell metabolism Vol. 30; no. 3; pp. 447 - 461.e5
Main Authors Nicholas, Dequina A., Proctor, Elizabeth A., Agrawal, Madhur, Belkina, Anna C., Van Nostrand, Stephen C., Panneerseelan-Bharath, Leena, Jones, Albert R., Raval, Forum, Ip, Blanche C., Zhu, Min, Cacicedo, Jose M., Habib, Chloe, Sainz-Rueda, Nestor, Persky, Leah, Sullivan, Patrick G., Corkey, Barbara E., Apovian, Caroline M., Kern, Philip A., Lauffenburger, Douglas A., Nikolajczyk, Barbara S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 03.09.2019
Subjects
Adult
Aged
Carnitine - analogs & derivatives
Carnitine - metabolism
Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase - genetics
Cells, Cultured
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cytokines - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
fatty acid oxidation
Fatty Acids - metabolism
Female
Gene Knockdown Techniques
glycolysis
Glycolysis - genetics
Humans
immunometabolism
Inflammation - metabolism
Lymphocyte Activation - immunology
Male
Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics
metaflammation
Middle Aged
Obesity - metabolism
Oxidation-Reduction
Th17 Cells - immunology
Transfection
Young Adult
metaflammation
fatty acid oxidation
immunometabolism
glycolysis
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1550-4131
1932-7420
1932-7420
DOI10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004

Cover

Abstract Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17 profile that predicts the metabolic status of people with obesity are untested. Th17 function requires fatty acid uptake, and our new data show that blockade of CPT1A inhibits Th17-associated cytokine production by cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A low CACT:CPT1A ratio in immune cells from T2D subjects indicates altered mitochondrial function and coincides with the preference of these cells to generate ATP through glycolysis rather than fatty acid oxidation. However, glycolysis was not critical for Th17 cytokines. Instead, β oxidation blockade or CACT knockdown in T cells from lean subjects to mimic characteristics of T2D causes cells to utilize 16C-fatty acylcarnitine to support Th17 cytokines. These data show long-chain acylcarnitine combines with compromised β oxidation to promote disease-predictive inflammation in human T2D. [Display omitted] •Glycolysis in T cells/PBMCs from T2D subjects fails to stimulate T2D inflammation•T cells from T2D subjects have altered mitochondria•Altered import or oxidation of fatty acids activates inflammation in healthy cells•Mitochondrial changes combine with fatty acid metabolites to activate inflammation Although glycolysis generally fuels inflammation, Nicholas, Proctor, and Agrawal et al. report that PBMCs from subjects with type 2 diabetes use a different mechanism to support chronic inflammation largely independent of fuel utilization. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments in cells from healthy subjects show mitochondrial alterations combine with increases in fatty acid metabolites to drive chronic T2D-like inflammation.
AbstractList Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17 profile that predicts the metabolic status of people with obesity are untested. Th17 function requires fatty acid uptake, and our new data show that blockade of CPT1A inhibits Th17-associated cytokine production by cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A low CACT:CPT1A ratio in immune cells from T2D subjects indicates altered mitochondrial function and coincides with the preference of these cells to generate ATP through glycolysis rather than fatty acid oxidation. However, glycolysis was not critical for Th17 cytokines. Instead, β oxidation blockade or CACT knockdown in T cells from lean subjects to mimic characteristics of T2D causes cells to utilize C-fatty acylcarnitine to support Th17 cytokines. These data show long-chain acylcarnitine combines with compromised β oxidation to promote disease-predictive inflammation in human T2D.
Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17 profile that predicts the metabolic status of people with obesity are untested. Th17 function requires fatty acid uptake, and our new data show that blockade of CPT1A inhibits Th17-associated cytokine production by cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A low CACT:CPT1A ratio in immune cells from T2D subjects indicates altered mitochondrial function and coincides with the preference of these cells to generate ATP through glycolysis rather than fatty acid oxidation. However, glycolysis was not critical for Th17 cytokines. Instead, β oxidation blockade or CACT knockdown in T cells from lean subjects to mimic characteristics of T2D causes cells to utilize 16C-fatty acylcarnitine to support Th17 cytokines. These data show long-chain acylcarnitine combines with compromised β oxidation to promote disease-predictive inflammation in human T2D. [Display omitted] •Glycolysis in T cells/PBMCs from T2D subjects fails to stimulate T2D inflammation•T cells from T2D subjects have altered mitochondria•Altered import or oxidation of fatty acids activates inflammation in healthy cells•Mitochondrial changes combine with fatty acid metabolites to activate inflammation Although glycolysis generally fuels inflammation, Nicholas, Proctor, and Agrawal et al. report that PBMCs from subjects with type 2 diabetes use a different mechanism to support chronic inflammation largely independent of fuel utilization. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments in cells from healthy subjects show mitochondrial alterations combine with increases in fatty acid metabolites to drive chronic T2D-like inflammation.
Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17 profile that predicts the metabolic status of people with obesity are untested. Th17 function requires fatty acid uptake, and our new data show that blockade of CPT1A inhibits Th17-associated cytokine production by cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A low CACT:CPT1A ratio in immune cells from T2D subjects indicates altered mitochondrial function and coincides with the preference of these cells to generate ATP through glycolysis rather than fatty acid oxidation. However, glycolysis was not critical for Th17 cytokines. Instead, β oxidation blockade or CACT knockdown in T cells to mimic characteristics of T2D promotes cells from lean subjects to utilize 16 C-fatty acylcarnitine to support a Th17 cytokines. These data show long chain acylcarnitine combines with compromised β oxidation to promote disease-predictive inflammation in human T2D. Although glycolysis generally fuels inflammation, Nicholas, Proctor and Agrawal et al. report that PBMCs from subjects with type 2 diabetes use a different mechanism to support chronic inflammation largely independent of fuel utilization. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments in cells from healthy subjects show mitochondrial alterations combine with increases in fatty acid metabolites to drive chronic T2D-like inflammation.
Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17 profile that predicts the metabolic status of people with obesity are untested. Th17 function requires fatty acid uptake, and our new data show that blockade of CPT1A inhibits Th17-associated cytokine production by cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A low CACT:CPT1A ratio in immune cells from T2D subjects indicates altered mitochondrial function and coincides with the preference of these cells to generate ATP through glycolysis rather than fatty acid oxidation. However, glycolysis was not critical for Th17 cytokines. Instead, β oxidation blockade or CACT knockdown in T cells from lean subjects to mimic characteristics of T2D causes cells to utilize 16C-fatty acylcarnitine to support Th17 cytokines. These data show long-chain acylcarnitine combines with compromised β oxidation to promote disease-predictive inflammation in human T2D.Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17 profile that predicts the metabolic status of people with obesity are untested. Th17 function requires fatty acid uptake, and our new data show that blockade of CPT1A inhibits Th17-associated cytokine production by cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A low CACT:CPT1A ratio in immune cells from T2D subjects indicates altered mitochondrial function and coincides with the preference of these cells to generate ATP through glycolysis rather than fatty acid oxidation. However, glycolysis was not critical for Th17 cytokines. Instead, β oxidation blockade or CACT knockdown in T cells from lean subjects to mimic characteristics of T2D causes cells to utilize 16C-fatty acylcarnitine to support Th17 cytokines. These data show long-chain acylcarnitine combines with compromised β oxidation to promote disease-predictive inflammation in human T2D.
Author Nicholas, Dequina A.
Zhu, Min
Persky, Leah
Kern, Philip A.
Ip, Blanche C.
Habib, Chloe
Raval, Forum
Sullivan, Patrick G.
Proctor, Elizabeth A.
Jones, Albert R.
Sainz-Rueda, Nestor
Nikolajczyk, Barbara S.
Agrawal, Madhur
Panneerseelan-Bharath, Leena
Corkey, Barbara E.
Van Nostrand, Stephen C.
Cacicedo, Jose M.
Apovian, Caroline M.
Lauffenburger, Douglas A.
Belkina, Anna C.
AuthorAffiliation 3 Current address: Departments of Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033 USA
5 Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118 USA
8 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40536 USA
1 Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118 USA
10 Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40536 USA
4 Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40536 USA
6 Current address: College of Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, 01845, USA
9 Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40536 USA
7 Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118 USA
2 Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridg
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Current address: Departments of Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033 USA
– name: 4 Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40536 USA
– name: 8 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40536 USA
– name: 6 Current address: College of Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, 01845, USA
– name: 9 Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40536 USA
– name: 5 Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118 USA
– name: 2 Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
– name: 10 Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40536 USA
– name: 1 Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118 USA
– name: 7 Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118 USA
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Dequina A.
  surname: Nicholas
  fullname: Nicholas, Dequina A.
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Elizabeth A.
  surname: Proctor
  fullname: Proctor, Elizabeth A.
  organization: Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Madhur
  surname: Agrawal
  fullname: Agrawal, Madhur
  organization: Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Anna C.
  surname: Belkina
  fullname: Belkina, Anna C.
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Stephen C.
  surname: Van Nostrand
  fullname: Van Nostrand, Stephen C.
  organization: Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Leena
  surname: Panneerseelan-Bharath
  fullname: Panneerseelan-Bharath, Leena
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Albert R.
  surname: Jones
  fullname: Jones, Albert R.
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Forum
  surname: Raval
  fullname: Raval, Forum
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Blanche C.
  surname: Ip
  fullname: Ip, Blanche C.
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Min
  surname: Zhu
  fullname: Zhu, Min
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Jose M.
  surname: Cacicedo
  fullname: Cacicedo, Jose M.
  organization: Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Chloe
  surname: Habib
  fullname: Habib, Chloe
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Nestor
  surname: Sainz-Rueda
  fullname: Sainz-Rueda, Nestor
  organization: Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Leah
  surname: Persky
  fullname: Persky, Leah
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Patrick G.
  surname: Sullivan
  fullname: Sullivan, Patrick G.
  organization: Department of Neuroscience, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Barbara E.
  surname: Corkey
  fullname: Corkey, Barbara E.
  organization: Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Caroline M.
  surname: Apovian
  fullname: Apovian, Caroline M.
  organization: Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Philip A.
  surname: Kern
  fullname: Kern, Philip A.
  organization: Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
– sequence: 19
  givenname: Douglas A.
  surname: Lauffenburger
  fullname: Lauffenburger, Douglas A.
  email: lauffen@mit.edu
  organization: Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
– sequence: 20
  givenname: Barbara S.
  surname: Nikolajczyk
  fullname: Nikolajczyk, Barbara S.
  email: barb.nik@uky.edu
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31378464$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kc9u1DAYxC1URP_AC3BAPnJJsGMndiSEVC2UViqqhJazZTtfWK8Se4mdLftaPEifqV62RcChJ1v65jcjzZyiIx88IPSakpIS2rxbl3aEVFaEtiURJSH8GTqhLasKwStylP91TQpOGT1GpzGuCWENa9kLdMwoE5I3_ASFC53SDp9b1-EvkLQJg0sQ8SKMxnnAty6t8FfoZgsdvvuFb366TicXPE4hU8ltdQK8XFGBr3w_6HE8XJ3Hl_OoPV7uNoAr_NFpA9n4JXre6yHCq4f3DH27-LRcXBbXN5-vFufXheV1nQrdVroDLUhvGtEBcGI46aWuZSes4FbSymhttehpI6U2PQPGrTWGSssbUrMz9OHgu5nNCJ0FnyY9qM3kRj3tVNBO_XvxbqW-h62SNWmaWmSDtw8GU_gxQ0xqdNHCMGgPYY6qqhpZC96KNkvf_J31J-Sx5SyQB4GdQowT9Mq69LunHO0GRYnaD6rWaj-o2g-qiFB50IxW_6GP7k9C7w8Q5Ia3DiYVrQOfJ3QT2KS64J7C7wGUKbxV
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_12677_PI_2023_123031
crossref_primary_10_3892_mmr_2024_13261
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2023_115198
crossref_primary_10_15252_embr_202154228
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_exer_2021_108710
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmet_2020_04_015
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12020_022_03043_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11357_024_01441_4
crossref_primary_10_2174_1573399817666210101110253
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41574_019_0252_0
crossref_primary_10_1111_jfbc_14455
crossref_primary_10_1093_braincomms_fcad259
crossref_primary_10_1111_bcpt_13524
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_023_01022_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tem_2019_11_002
crossref_primary_10_1111_cns_14497
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_607473
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41401_023_01160_0
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_943333
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcmgh_2024_02_014
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41417_021_00348_y
crossref_primary_10_1172_jci_insight_139793
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_021_26277_w
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41568_024_00743_1
crossref_primary_10_20900_agmr20220007
crossref_primary_10_34133_research_0365
crossref_primary_10_1111_jdi_13172
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40618_024_02501_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aca_2025_343856
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2020_114109
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12944_021_01576_9
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms22168460
crossref_primary_10_2337_db21_0659
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmolb_2022_945917
crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_6634532
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41574_021_00575_1
crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2020_00526
crossref_primary_10_1136_jitc_2024_009399
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2020_629933
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_60426_7
crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpcell_00607_2020
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_71946_3
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41423_020_0375_1
crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiac345
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2021_151739
crossref_primary_10_1124_pharmrev_120_000043
crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_1053879
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41392_024_01954_6
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13030823
crossref_primary_10_1093_rheumatology_keab788
crossref_primary_10_1177_0022034520912188
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocel_2024_106518
crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_physiol_042222_024353
crossref_primary_10_2147_CCID_S424478
crossref_primary_10_2337_dc21_2102
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnutbio_2023_109415
crossref_primary_10_1111_imr_13354
crossref_primary_10_1002_eji_202048645
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12979_024_00443_2
crossref_primary_10_1111_acel_13996
crossref_primary_10_1136_ard_2024_225925
crossref_primary_10_1210_endocr_bqac124
crossref_primary_10_1124_pharmrev_121_000408
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41390_021_01753_7
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jdermsci_2021_07_007
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phymed_2023_155188
crossref_primary_10_2174_1871530323666221220141716
crossref_primary_10_1055_a_1214_5618
crossref_primary_10_1136_gutjnl_2020_323565
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_932893
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_678355
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_845422
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12263_023_00729_y
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41586_022_04536_0
crossref_primary_10_1093_jn_nxab263
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_00822
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu16101404
crossref_primary_10_1139_bcb_2022_0266
crossref_primary_10_3390_cells9061383
crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm9010272
crossref_primary_10_3390_children8070554
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neurobiolaging_2022_11_015
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24032010
crossref_primary_10_1177_00220345241280743
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_022_31722_5
crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_817147
crossref_primary_10_1111_obr_13128
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cell_2021_05_023
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40618_021_01587_4
crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_23528
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12195_023_00782_y
crossref_primary_10_3389_fragi_2021_681428
crossref_primary_10_1002_adhm_202100764
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_1104943
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_analchem_1c02606
crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2023_1243359
crossref_primary_10_1126_sciimmunol_add4346
crossref_primary_10_1111_febs_15853
crossref_primary_10_1186_s43042_024_00615_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molmet_2020_101044
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fitote_2025_106474
crossref_primary_10_3390_dairy3010005
crossref_primary_10_1111_dom_16000
Cites_doi 10.4049/jimmunol.1502506
10.1189/jlb.72.2.330
10.1128/IAI.00791-17
10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.026
10.1002/oby.21243
10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.127
10.1084/jem.20080397
10.1371/journal.pone.0130893
10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.030
10.4049/jimmunol.1203247
10.1126/scisignal.2001338
10.4049/jimmunol.1001269
10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38435-2
10.1038/cddis.2015.404
10.4161/epi.4.6.9767
10.1073/pnas.1215840110
10.1038/nrm.2017.95
10.1038/srep42665
10.1042/bj2210471
10.2337/db12-0420
10.1126/science.271.5249.665
10.1016/j.metabol.2013.12.002
10.1172/JCI76012
10.1016/0014-5793(87)80292-2
10.1371/journal.pone.0170975
10.1038/s41586-018-0326-5
10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.030
10.1073/pnas.1012645108
10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.018
10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.002
10.1371/journal.pbio.2003782
10.1074/jbc.M113.540351
10.1038/nm.2001
10.1371/journal.pone.0091146
10.1038/nrendo.2015.129
10.1016/j.immuni.2009.04.014
10.1097/01.aids.0000432455.06476.bc
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa0835
10.1371/journal.pone.0188474
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01516
10.1038/nature23475
10.4049/jimmunol.1002615
10.1126/science.aab4138
10.1189/jlb.3AB0417-159RR
10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304636
10.7150/thno.21451
10.1152/ajpendo.00656.2013
10.1053/j.gastro.2013.04.010
10.1038/ni.3047
10.1172/JCI113046
10.4049/jimmunol.1302062
10.1073/pnas.1322807111
10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.029
10.1126/science.aaf6284
10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4670
10.4049/jimmunol.1003613
10.1016/j.immuni.2016.01.028
10.1038/ijo.2014.195
10.1042/bj2280353
10.1016/S0169-7439(01)00155-1
10.1172/JCI73658
10.1016/j.immuni.2007.01.011
10.1038/ni.2005
10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.014
10.1210/jc.2018-01000
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019 Elsevier Inc.
– notice: Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE


MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 1932-7420
EndPage 461.e5
ExternalDocumentID PMC8506657
31378464
10_1016_j_cmet_2019_07_004
S1550413119303778
Genre Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: NIDDK NIH HHS
  grantid: R01 DK108056
– fundername: NIDDK NIH HHS
  grantid: T32 DK007201
– fundername: NCI NIH HHS
  grantid: P30 CA177558
– fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS
  grantid: T32 HL007501
– fundername: NCATS NIH HHS
  grantid: UL1 TR001998
– fundername: NIAID NIH HHS
  grantid: T32 AI089673
GroupedDBID ---
--K
0R~
1~5
29B
2WC
4.4
457
4G.
53G
5GY
62-
6I.
6J9
7-5
AACTN
AAEDW
AAFTH
AAIAV
AAKRW
AAKUH
AALRI
AAUCE
AAVLU
AAXUO
ABJNI
ABMAC
ABMWF
ABVKL
ACGFO
ACGFS
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADJPV
AEFWE
AENEX
AEXQZ
AFTJW
AGKMS
AITUG
ALKID
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMRAJ
ASPBG
AVWKF
AZFZN
BAWUL
CS3
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EBS
EJD
F5P
FCP
FDB
FEDTE
FIRID
HVGLF
IHE
IXB
J1W
JIG
M3Z
M41
O-L
O9-
OK1
P2P
RCE
RIG
ROL
RPZ
SES
SSZ
TR2
UNMZH
WQ6
ZA5
AAEDT
AAIKJ
AAMRU
AAYWO
AAYXX
ABDGV
ACVFH
ADCNI
ADVLN
AEUPX
AFPUW
AGCQF
AGHFR
AIGII
AKAPO
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
APXCP
CITATION
HZ~
OZT
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EFKBS
EIF
NPM
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-a92adea70fb67dee40b40f8a58d7c74c812baaca7f1688abf3e34ccbb18c46053
IEDL.DBID IXB
ISSN 1550-4131
1932-7420
IngestDate Thu Aug 21 13:28:10 EDT 2025
Sat Sep 27 20:38:10 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 06:03:02 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 03:58:18 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:53:16 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:48:56 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 3
Keywords metaflammation
fatty acid oxidation
immunometabolism
glycolysis
Language English
License Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c455t-a92adea70fb67dee40b40f8a58d7c74c812baaca7f1688abf3e34ccbb18c46053
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Writing-original draft: DN, EP, BN
Methodology: DN, EP, MA, SVN, DL
Validation: DN, EP, MA, AB, LB, FR, BI, MZ, JC
Visualization: DN, EP, MA, AB, LB
Supervision: CA, PK, DL, BN
These authors contributed equally
Investigation: DN, EP, MA, AB, AJ, LB, FR, BI, MZ, JC
Conceptualization: DN, EP, MA, LB, BC, PS, DL, BN
Lead Contact, 561 Wethington Bldg. 900 South Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536 PH 859.281.1382 @scientistbarb
Software: EP, DL
Project Administration: DL, BN
Formal Analysis: DN, EP, MA, AB, SVN
Funding Acquisition: CA, DL, BC, PK, BN
Resources: AB, CH, NR, LP, CA, PK
Data Curation: DN, EP, AB
Writing-review and editing: DN, AB, AJ, BC, PK, PS, DL, BN
Author Contributions
OpenAccessLink http://www.cell.com/article/S1550413119303778/pdf
PMID 31378464
PQID 2268574979
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8506657
proquest_miscellaneous_2268574979
pubmed_primary_31378464
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_cmet_2019_07_004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmet_2019_07_004
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_cmet_2019_07_004
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2019-09-03
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-09-03
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2019
  text: 2019-09-03
  day: 03
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle Cell metabolism
PublicationTitleAlternate Cell Metab
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher Elsevier Inc
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Inc
References Michalek, Gerriets, Jacobs, Macintyre, MacIver, Mason, Sullivan, Nichols, Rathmell (bib43) 2011; 186
Wouters, Gaens, Bijnen, Verboven, Jocken, Wetzels, Wijnands, Hansen, van Greevenbroek, Duijvestijn (bib62) 2017; 7
Lord, Matarese, Howard, Bloom, Lechler (bib37) 2002; 72
Endo, Asou, Matsugae, Hirahara, Shinoda, Tumes, Tokuyama, Yokote, Nakayama (bib16) 2015; 12
Dang, McDonald, Russell, Cyster (bib11) 2017; 171
McLaughlin, Liu, Lamendola, Shen, Morton, Rivas, Winer, Tolentino, Choi, Zhang (bib42) 2014; 34
Toyama, Herzig, Courchet, Lewis, Losón, Hellberg, Young, Chen, Polleux, Chan, Shaw (bib56) 2016; 351
van Beek, Lips, Visser, Pijl, Ioan-Facsinay, Toes, Berends, Willems van Dijk, Koning, van Harmelen (bib58) 2014; 63
Cham, Gajewski (bib8) 2005; 174
Lynch, Michelet, Zhang, Brennan, Moseman, Lester, Besra, Vomhof-Dekrey, Tighe, Koay (bib38) 2015; 16
Cameron, Logie, Patel, Erhardt, Bacon, Middleton, Harthill, Forteath, Coats, Kerr (bib5) 2018; 14
Roth, Puig-Saus, Yu, Shifrut, Carnevale, Li, Hiatt, Saco, Krystofinski, Li (bib51) 2018; 559
Kurmi, Hitosugi, Wiese, Boakye-Agyeman, Gonsalves, Lou, Karnitz, Goetz, Hitosugi (bib33) 2018; 22
Ip, Cilfone, Belkina, DeFuria, Jagannathan-Bogdan, Zhu, Kuchibhatla, McDonnell, Xiao, Kepler (bib26) 2016; 24
Rabinovitch, Samborska, Faubert, Ma, Gravel, Andrzejewski, Raissi, Pause, St-Pierre, Jones (bib49) 2017; 21
Procaccini, Carbone, Di Silvestre, Brambilla, De Rosa, Galgani, Faicchia, Marone, Tramontano, Corona (bib48) 2016; 44
Yin, Choi, Xu, Perry, Seay, Croker, Sobel, Brusko, Morel (bib65) 2015; 7
Cosmi, De Palma, Santarlasci, Maggi, Capone, Frosali, Rodolico, Querci, Abbate, Angeli (bib10) 2008; 205
Grunfeld, Verdier, Neese, Moser, Feingold (bib22) 1988; 29
Xu, Stewart, Wang, Liu, Xie, Ryu, Li, Ma, Wang, Ni (bib63) 2017; 548
Gauthier, O’Brien, Bigornia, Mott, Cacicedo, Xu, Gokce, Apovian, Ruderman (bib20) 2011; 404
Fabbrini, Cella, McCartney, Fuchs, Abumrad, Pietka, Chen, Finck, Han, Magkos (bib17) 2013; 145
McCoin, Knotts, Adams (bib41) 2015; 11
Kemmerer, Finkernagel, Cavalcante, Abdalla, Müller, Brüne, Namgaladze (bib30) 2015; 10
Zúñiga, Shen, Joyce-Shaikh, Pyatnova, Richards, Thom, Andrade, Cua, Kraemer, Butcher (bib67) 2010; 185
Carling, Zammit, Hardie (bib6) 1987; 223
De Rosa, Procaccini, Calì, Pirozzi, Fontana, Zappacosta, La Cava, Matarese (bib12) 2007; 26
Mandraju, Jain, Gao, Ouyang, Norgard, Pasare (bib40) 2018; 86
Winer, Chan, Paltser, Truong, Tsui, Bahrami, Dorfman, Wang, Zielenski, Mastronardi (bib59) 2009; 15
Blagih, Coulombe, Vincent, Dupuy, Galicia-Vázquez, Yurchenko, Raissi, van der Windt, Viollet, Pearce (bib2) 2015; 42
(bib1) 2017
Jones, Cronin, Dolton, Panetti, Schauenburg, Galloway, Sewell, Cole, Thornton, Francis (bib29) 2017; 8
Lee, Won, Bae, Hong, Hwang (bib35) 2011; 108
Young, Flaherty, Woodman, Sharma-Walia, Reynolds (bib66) 2017; 102
Hotamisligil, Peraldi, Budavari, Ellis, White, Spiegelman (bib25) 1996; 271
Jagannathan-Bogdan, McDonnell, Shin, Rehman, Hasturk, Apovian, Nikolajczyk (bib27) 2011; 186
Delgoffe, Kole, Zheng, Zarek, Matthews, Xiao, Worley, Kozma, Powell (bib14) 2009; 30
Travers, Motta, Betts, Bouloumié, Thompson (bib57) 2015; 39
Nicholas, Proctor, Raval, Ip, Habib, Ritou, Grammatopoulos, Steenkamp, Dooms, Apovian (bib44) 2017; 12
Lee, Kim, Kim, Shong, Ku, Jo (bib36) 2013; 62
Rutkowsky, Knotts, Ono-Moore, McCoin, Huang, Schneider, Singh, Adams, Hwang (bib52) 2014; 306
Pandolfi, Ferraro, Sananez, Gancedo, Baz, Billordo, Fainboim, Arruvito (bib45) 2016; 196
Delgoffe, Pollizzi, Waickman, Heikamp, Meyers, Horton, Xiao, Worley, Powell (bib15) 2011; 12
Wold, Sjöström, Eriksson (bib60) 2001; 58
Tan, Xiao, Tang, Bai, Li, Li, Shi, Li, Li, Du (bib55) 2018; 8
Gerriets, Kishton, Nichols, Macintyre, Inoue, Ilkayeva, Winter, Liu, Priyadharshini, Slawinska (bib21) 2015; 125
Jones, Coleman, Husni, Deeney, Raval, Steenkamp, Dooms, Nikolajczyk, Corkey (bib28) 2017; 12
Raud, Roy, Divakaruni, Tarasenko, Franke, Ma, Samborska, Hsieh, Wong, Stüve (bib50) 2018; 28
Soroosh, Wu, Xue, Song, Sutton, Sablad, Yu, Nelen, Liu, Castro (bib54) 2014; 111
Guasch-Ferre, Ruiz-Canela, Li, Zheng, Bullo, Wang, Toledo, Clish, Corella, Estruch (bib23) 2019; 104
Brand, Williams, Weidemann (bib4) 1984; 221
Ferrante (bib19) 2013; 123
Lau, Juchheim, Cavaliere, Philips, Lauffenburger, Haigis (bib34) 2011; 4
Simmons, Scully, Groden, Arnold, Chang, Lane, Lifson, Rosenberg, Lauffenburger, Altfeld (bib53) 2013; 27
Kim, Lee, Choi, Hong, Kie, Lim, Lee, Moon, Seoh (bib32) 2014; 9
Won, Jang, Lee, Oh, Kim, Woo, Kang, Yu, Rhee, Hwang (bib61) 2013; 191
DeFuria, Belkina, Jagannathan-Bogdan, Snyder-Cappione, Carr, Nersesova, Markham, Strissel, Watkins, Zhu (bib13) 2013; 110
Peyrot, Nachtergaele, Luchetti, Mydock-McGrane, Fujiwara, Scherrer, Jallouk, Schlesinger, Ory, Covey, Rohatgi (bib47) 2014; 289
Caro-Maldonado, Wang, Nichols, Kuraoka, Milasta, Sun, Gavin, Abel, Kelsoe, Green, Rathmell (bib7) 2014; 192
Feingold, Grunfeld (bib18) 1987; 80
Madiraju, Pande, Prentki, Madiraju (bib39) 2009; 4
Herzig, Shaw (bib24) 2018; 19
Peng, Yin, Chhangawala, Xu, Leslie, Li (bib46) 2016; 354
Yao, Liu, Wang, Moon, Gross, Patti (bib64) 2018; 16
Brand (bib3) 1985; 228
Chaube, Bhat (bib9) 2016; 7
Feingold (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib18) 1987; 80
Travers (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib57) 2015; 39
De Rosa (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib12) 2007; 26
Pandolfi (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib45) 2016; 196
Delgoffe (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib14) 2009; 30
Rabinovitch (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib49) 2017; 21
Kemmerer (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib30) 2015; 10
Soroosh (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib54) 2014; 111
Ip (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib26) 2016; 24
Young (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib66) 2017; 102
Caro-Maldonado (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib7) 2014; 192
Procaccini (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib48) 2016; 44
Lau (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib34) 2011; 4
Jones (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib29) 2017; 8
Dang (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib11) 2017; 171
Lee (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib36) 2013; 62
Blagih (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib2) 2015; 42
Herzig (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib24) 2018; 19
Brand (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib4) 1984; 221
McCoin (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib41) 2015; 11
van Beek (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib58) 2014; 63
Nicholas (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib44) 2017; 12
Cham (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib8) 2005; 174
Chaube (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib9) 2016; 7
Michalek (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib43) 2011; 186
Peng (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib46) 2016; 354
Delgoffe (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib15) 2011; 12
Fabbrini (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib17) 2013; 145
Won (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib61) 2013; 191
Xu (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib63) 2017; 548
DeFuria (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib13) 2013; 110
Lord (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib37) 2002; 72
Gauthier (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib20) 2011; 404
Wold (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib60) 2001; 58
Simmons (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib53) 2013; 27
Jones (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib28) 2017; 12
Zúñiga (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib67) 2010; 185
Roth (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib51) 2018; 559
Grunfeld (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib22) 1988; 29
Kurmi (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib33) 2018; 22
Toyama (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib56) 2016; 351
Lynch (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib38) 2015; 16
Rutkowsky (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib52) 2014; 306
Hotamisligil (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib25) 1996; 271
McLaughlin (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib42) 2014; 34
Lee (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib35) 2011; 108
Winer (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib59) 2009; 15
Jagannathan-Bogdan (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib27) 2011; 186
Raud (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib50) 2018; 28
Brand (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib3) 1985; 228
Yin (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib65) 2015; 7
Madiraju (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib39) 2009; 4
Guasch-Ferre (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib23) 2019; 104
Yao (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib64) 2018; 16
Cameron (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib5) 2018; 14
Endo (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib16) 2015; 12
Tan (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib55) 2018; 8
Wouters (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib62) 2017; 7
Kim (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib32) 2014; 9
Carling (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib6) 1987; 223
Cosmi (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib10) 2008; 205
Mandraju (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib40) 2018; 86
Gerriets (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib21) 2015; 125
Ferrante (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib19) 2013; 123
Peyrot (10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib47) 2014; 289
31417193 - Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019 Oct;15(10):564
References_xml – volume: 192
  start-page: 3626
  year: 2014
  end-page: 3636
  ident: bib7
  article-title: Metabolic reprogramming is required for antibody production that is suppressed in anergic but exaggerated in chronically BAFF-exposed B cells
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 2505
  year: 2013
  end-page: 2517
  ident: bib53
  article-title: HIV-1 infection induces strong production of IP-10 through TLR7/9-dependent pathways
  publication-title: AIDS
– volume: 26
  start-page: 241
  year: 2007
  end-page: 255
  ident: bib12
  article-title: A key role of leptin in the control of regulatory T cell proliferation
  publication-title: Immunity
– volume: 351
  start-page: 275
  year: 2016
  end-page: 281
  ident: bib56
  article-title: Metabolism. AMP-activated protein kinase mediates mitochondrial fission in response to energy stress
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 15
  start-page: 921
  year: 2009
  end-page: 929
  ident: bib59
  article-title: Normalization of obesity-associated insulin resistance through immunotherapy
  publication-title: Nat. Med.
– volume: 191
  start-page: 4029
  year: 2013
  end-page: 4037
  ident: bib61
  article-title: Ablation of peroxiredoxin II attenuates experimental colitis by increasing FoxO1-induced Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
– volume: 80
  start-page: 184
  year: 1987
  end-page: 190
  ident: bib18
  article-title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates hepatic lipogenesis in the rat in vivo
  publication-title: J. Clin. Invest.
– volume: 12
  start-page: e0188474
  year: 2017
  ident: bib28
  article-title: Type 1 diabetes alters lipid handling and metabolism in human fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  publication-title: PLoS One
– volume: 125
  start-page: 194
  year: 2015
  end-page: 207
  ident: bib21
  article-title: Metabolic programming and PDHK1 control CD4+ T cell subsets and inflammation
  publication-title: J. Clin. Invest.
– volume: 559
  start-page: 405
  year: 2018
  end-page: 409
  ident: bib51
  article-title: Reprogramming human T cell function and specificity with non-viral genome targeting
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1365
  year: 2018
  end-page: 1373
  ident: bib33
  article-title: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A has a lysine succinyltransferase activity
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
– volume: 58
  start-page: 109
  year: 2001
  end-page: 130
  ident: bib60
  article-title: PLS-regression: a basic tool of chemometrics
  publication-title: Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst.
– volume: 102
  start-page: 1229
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1235
  ident: bib66
  article-title: Fatty acid synthase regulates the pathogenicity of Th17 cells
  publication-title: J. Leukoc. Biol.
– volume: 86
  year: 2018
  ident: bib40
  article-title: MyD88 signaling in T cells is critical for effector CD4 T cell differentiation following a transitional T follicular helper cell stage
  publication-title: Infect. Immun.
– volume: 39
  start-page: 762
  year: 2015
  end-page: 769
  ident: bib57
  article-title: The impact of adiposity on adipose tissue-resident lymphocyte activation in humans
  publication-title: Int. J. Obes.
– volume: 63
  start-page: 492
  year: 2014
  end-page: 501
  ident: bib58
  article-title: Increased systemic and adipose tissue inflammation differentiates obese women with T2DM from obese women with normal glucose tolerance
  publication-title: Metabolism
– volume: 42
  start-page: 41
  year: 2015
  end-page: 54
  ident: bib2
  article-title: The energy sensor AMPK regulates T cell metabolic adaptation and effector responses in vivo
  publication-title: Immunity
– volume: 174
  start-page: 4670
  year: 2005
  end-page: 4677
  ident: bib8
  article-title: Glucose availability regulates IFN-gamma production and p70S6 kinase activation in CD8+ effector T cells
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
– volume: 108
  start-page: 9548
  year: 2011
  end-page: 9553
  ident: bib35
  article-title: Spontaneous and aging-dependent development of arthritis in NADPH oxidase 2 deficiency through altered differentiation of CD11b+ and Th/Treg cells
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
– volume: 221
  start-page: 471
  year: 1984
  end-page: 475
  ident: bib4
  article-title: Glucose and glutamine metabolism in rat thymocytes
  publication-title: Biochem. J.
– volume: 10
  start-page: e0130893
  year: 2015
  ident: bib30
  article-title: AMP-activated protein kinase interacts with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta to induce genes affecting fatty acid oxidation in human macrophages
  publication-title: PLoS One
– volume: 7
  start-page: e2044
  year: 2016
  ident: bib9
  article-title: AMPK, a key regulator of metabolic/energy homeostasis and mitochondrial biogenesis in cancer cells
  publication-title: Cell Death Dis.
– volume: 123
  start-page: 4992
  year: 2013
  end-page: 4993
  ident: bib19
  article-title: Macrophages, fat, and the emergence of immunometabolism
  publication-title: J. Clin. Invest.
– volume: 186
  start-page: 1162
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1172
  ident: bib27
  article-title: Elevated proinflammatory cytokine production by a skewed T cell compartment requires monocytes and promotes inflammation in type 2 diabetes
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
– volume: 8
  start-page: 2329
  year: 2018
  end-page: 2347
  ident: bib55
  article-title: Targeting CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma to radiation therapy
  publication-title: Theranostics
– volume: 7
  start-page: 274ra18
  year: 2015
  ident: bib65
  article-title: Normalization of CD4+ T cell metabolism reverses lupus
  publication-title: Sci. Transl. Med.
– volume: 24
  start-page: 102
  year: 2016
  end-page: 112
  ident: bib26
  article-title: Th17 cytokines differentiate obesity from obesity-associated type 2 diabetes and promote TNFα production
  publication-title: Obesity (Silver Spring)
– volume: 11
  start-page: 617
  year: 2015
  end-page: 625
  ident: bib41
  article-title: Acylcarnitines--old actors auditioning for new roles in metabolic physiology
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Endocrinol.
– volume: 62
  start-page: 194
  year: 2013
  end-page: 204
  ident: bib36
  article-title: Upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with type 2 diabetes
  publication-title: Diabetes
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1327
  year: 1988
  end-page: 1335
  ident: bib22
  article-title: Mechanisms by which tumor necrosis factor stimulates hepatic fatty acid synthesis in vivo
  publication-title: J. Lipid Res.
– volume: 205
  start-page: 1903
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1916
  ident: bib10
  article-title: Human interleukin 17-producing cells originate from a CD161+CD4+ T cell precursor
  publication-title: J. Exp. Med.
– volume: 171
  start-page: 1057
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1071.e11
  ident: bib11
  article-title: Oxysterol restraint of cholesterol synthesis prevents AIM2 inflammasome activation
  publication-title: Cell
– year: 2017
  ident: bib1
  article-title: Agilent Seahorse XF Mito Fuel Flex Test Kit User Manual
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  end-page: 9
  ident: bib49
  article-title: AMPK maintains cellular metabolic homeostasis through regulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
– volume: 44
  start-page: 406
  year: 2016
  end-page: 421
  ident: bib48
  article-title: The proteomic landscape of human ex vivo regulatory and conventional T cells reveals specific metabolic requirements
  publication-title: Immunity
– volume: 34
  start-page: 2637
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2643
  ident: bib42
  article-title: T-cell profile in adipose tissue is associated with insulin resistance and systemic inflammation in humans
  publication-title: Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1516
  year: 2017
  ident: bib29
  article-title: Metabolic adaptation of human CD4
  publication-title: Front. Immunol.
– volume: 185
  start-page: 6947
  year: 2010
  end-page: 6959
  ident: bib67
  article-title: IL-17 regulates adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis, and obesity
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
– volume: 19
  start-page: 121
  year: 2018
  end-page: 135
  ident: bib24
  article-title: AMPK: guardian of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.
– volume: 223
  start-page: 217
  year: 1987
  end-page: 222
  ident: bib6
  article-title: A common bicyclic protein kinase cascade inactivates the regulatory enzymes of fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis
  publication-title: FEBS Lett.
– volume: 104
  start-page: 1508
  year: 2019
  end-page: 1519
  ident: bib23
  article-title: Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk
  publication-title: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
– volume: 28
  start-page: 504
  year: 2018
  end-page: 515.e7
  ident: bib50
  article-title: Etomoxir actions on regulatory and memory T cells are independent of Cpt1a-mediated fatty acid oxidation
  publication-title: Cell Metab.
– volume: 16
  start-page: e2003782
  year: 2018
  ident: bib64
  article-title: Identifying off-target effects of etomoxir reveals that carnitine palmitoyltransferase I is essential for cancer cell proliferation independent of β-oxidation
  publication-title: PLoS Biol.
– volume: 306
  start-page: E1378
  year: 2014
  end-page: E1387
  ident: bib52
  article-title: Acylcarnitines activate proinflammatory signaling pathways
  publication-title: Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 187
  year: 2018
  end-page: 197
  ident: bib5
  article-title: Metformin selectively targets redox control of complex I energy transduction
  publication-title: Redox Biol.
– volume: 228
  start-page: 353
  year: 1985
  end-page: 361
  ident: bib3
  article-title: Glutamine and glucose metabolism during thymocyte proliferation. Pathways of glutamine and glutamate metabolism
  publication-title: Biochem. J.
– volume: 111
  start-page: 12163
  year: 2014
  end-page: 12168
  ident: bib54
  article-title: Oxysterols are agonist ligands of RORγt and drive Th17 cell differentiation
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
– volume: 7
  start-page: 42665
  year: 2017
  ident: bib62
  article-title: Circulating classical monocytes are associated with CD11c
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1042
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1055
  ident: bib16
  article-title: Obesity drives Th17 cell differentiation by inducing the lipid metabolic kinase, ACC1
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
– volume: 271
  start-page: 665
  year: 1996
  end-page: 668
  ident: bib25
  article-title: IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alpha- and obesity-induced insulin resistance
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 4
  start-page: 399
  year: 2009
  end-page: 403
  ident: bib39
  article-title: Mitochondrial acetylcarnitine provides acetyl groups for nuclear histone acetylation
  publication-title: Epigenetics
– volume: 289
  start-page: 11095
  year: 2014
  end-page: 11110
  ident: bib47
  article-title: Tracking the subcellular fate of 20(s)-hydroxycholesterol with click chemistry reveals a transport pathway to the Golgi
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
– volume: 548
  start-page: 228
  year: 2017
  end-page: 233
  ident: bib63
  article-title: Metabolic control of T
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 12
  start-page: e0170975
  year: 2017
  ident: bib44
  article-title: Advances in the quantification of mitochondrial function in primary human immune cells through extracellular flux analysis
  publication-title: PLoS One
– volume: 354
  start-page: 481
  year: 2016
  end-page: 484
  ident: bib46
  article-title: Aerobic glycolysis promotes T helper 1 cell differentiation through an epigenetic mechanism
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 30
  start-page: 832
  year: 2009
  end-page: 844
  ident: bib14
  article-title: The mTOR kinase differentially regulates effector and regulatory T cell lineage commitment
  publication-title: Immunity
– volume: 145
  start-page: 366
  year: 2013
  end-page: 374.e1-3
  ident: bib17
  article-title: Association between specific adipose tissue CD4+ T-cell populations and insulin resistance in obese individuals
  publication-title: Gastroenterology
– volume: 12
  start-page: 295
  year: 2011
  end-page: 303
  ident: bib15
  article-title: The kinase mTOR regulates the differentiation of helper T cells through the selective activation of signaling by mTORC1 and mTORC2
  publication-title: Nat. Immunol.
– volume: 404
  start-page: 382
  year: 2011
  end-page: 387
  ident: bib20
  article-title: Decreased AMP-activated protein kinase activity is associated with increased inflammation in visceral adipose tissue and with whole-body insulin resistance in morbidly obese humans
  publication-title: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
– volume: 72
  start-page: 330
  year: 2002
  end-page: 338
  ident: bib37
  article-title: Leptin inhibits the anti-CD3-driven proliferation of peripheral blood T cells but enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokines
  publication-title: J. Leukoc. Biol.
– volume: 186
  start-page: 3299
  year: 2011
  end-page: 3303
  ident: bib43
  article-title: Cutting edge: distinct glycolytic and lipid oxidative metabolic programs are essential for effector and regulatory CD4+ T cell subsets
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
– volume: 9
  start-page: e91146
  year: 2014
  ident: bib32
  article-title: Reactive oxygen species prevent imiquimod-induced psoriatic dermatitis through enhancing regulatory T cell function
  publication-title: PLoS One
– volume: 110
  start-page: 5133
  year: 2013
  end-page: 5138
  ident: bib13
  article-title: B cells promote inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes through regulation of T-cell function and an inflammatory cytokine profile
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
– volume: 4
  start-page: ra16
  year: 2011
  ident: bib34
  article-title: In vivo systems analysis identifies spatial and temporal aspects of the modulation of TNF-α-induced apoptosis and proliferation by MAPKs
  publication-title: Sci. Signal.
– volume: 196
  start-page: 3287
  year: 2016
  end-page: 3296
  ident: bib45
  article-title: ATP-induced inflammation drives tissue-resident Th17 cells in metabolically unhealthy obesity
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
– volume: 16
  start-page: 85
  year: 2015
  end-page: 95
  ident: bib38
  article-title: Regulatory iNKT cells lack expression of the transcription factor PLZF and control the homeostasis of T(reg) cells and macrophages in adipose tissue
  publication-title: Nat. Immunol.
– volume: 196
  start-page: 3287
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib45
  article-title: ATP-induced inflammation drives tissue-resident Th17 cells in metabolically unhealthy obesity
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502506
– volume: 72
  start-page: 330
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib37
  article-title: Leptin inhibits the anti-CD3-driven proliferation of peripheral blood T cells but enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokines
  publication-title: J. Leukoc. Biol.
  doi: 10.1189/jlb.72.2.330
– volume: 86
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib40
  article-title: MyD88 signaling in T cells is critical for effector CD4 T cell differentiation following a transitional T follicular helper cell stage
  publication-title: Infect. Immun.
  doi: 10.1128/IAI.00791-17
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib49
  article-title: AMPK maintains cellular metabolic homeostasis through regulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.026
– volume: 24
  start-page: 102
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib26
  article-title: Th17 cytokines differentiate obesity from obesity-associated type 2 diabetes and promote TNFα production
  publication-title: Obesity (Silver Spring)
  doi: 10.1002/oby.21243
– volume: 404
  start-page: 382
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib20
  article-title: Decreased AMP-activated protein kinase activity is associated with increased inflammation in visceral adipose tissue and with whole-body insulin resistance in morbidly obese humans
  publication-title: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.127
– volume: 205
  start-page: 1903
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib10
  article-title: Human interleukin 17-producing cells originate from a CD161+CD4+ T cell precursor
  publication-title: J. Exp. Med.
  doi: 10.1084/jem.20080397
– volume: 10
  start-page: e0130893
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib30
  article-title: AMP-activated protein kinase interacts with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta to induce genes affecting fatty acid oxidation in human macrophages
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130893
– volume: 42
  start-page: 41
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib2
  article-title: The energy sensor AMPK regulates T cell metabolic adaptation and effector responses in vivo
  publication-title: Immunity
  doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.030
– volume: 191
  start-page: 4029
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib61
  article-title: Ablation of peroxiredoxin II attenuates experimental colitis by increasing FoxO1-induced Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203247
– volume: 4
  start-page: ra16
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib34
  article-title: In vivo systems analysis identifies spatial and temporal aspects of the modulation of TNF-α-induced apoptosis and proliferation by MAPKs
  publication-title: Sci. Signal.
  doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2001338
– volume: 185
  start-page: 6947
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib67
  article-title: IL-17 regulates adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis, and obesity
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001269
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1327
  year: 1988
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib22
  article-title: Mechanisms by which tumor necrosis factor stimulates hepatic fatty acid synthesis in vivo
  publication-title: J. Lipid Res.
  doi: 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38435-2
– volume: 7
  start-page: e2044
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib9
  article-title: AMPK, a key regulator of metabolic/energy homeostasis and mitochondrial biogenesis in cancer cells
  publication-title: Cell Death Dis.
  doi: 10.1038/cddis.2015.404
– volume: 4
  start-page: 399
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib39
  article-title: Mitochondrial acetylcarnitine provides acetyl groups for nuclear histone acetylation
  publication-title: Epigenetics
  doi: 10.4161/epi.4.6.9767
– volume: 110
  start-page: 5133
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib13
  article-title: B cells promote inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes through regulation of T-cell function and an inflammatory cytokine profile
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1215840110
– volume: 19
  start-page: 121
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib24
  article-title: AMPK: guardian of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.95
– volume: 7
  start-page: 42665
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib62
  article-title: Circulating classical monocytes are associated with CD11c+ macrophages in human visceral adipose tissue
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/srep42665
– volume: 221
  start-page: 471
  year: 1984
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib4
  article-title: Glucose and glutamine metabolism in rat thymocytes
  publication-title: Biochem. J.
  doi: 10.1042/bj2210471
– volume: 62
  start-page: 194
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib36
  article-title: Upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with type 2 diabetes
  publication-title: Diabetes
  doi: 10.2337/db12-0420
– volume: 271
  start-page: 665
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib25
  article-title: IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alpha- and obesity-induced insulin resistance
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.271.5249.665
– volume: 63
  start-page: 492
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib58
  article-title: Increased systemic and adipose tissue inflammation differentiates obese women with T2DM from obese women with normal glucose tolerance
  publication-title: Metabolism
  doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.12.002
– volume: 125
  start-page: 194
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib21
  article-title: Metabolic programming and PDHK1 control CD4+ T cell subsets and inflammation
  publication-title: J. Clin. Invest.
  doi: 10.1172/JCI76012
– volume: 223
  start-page: 217
  year: 1987
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib6
  article-title: A common bicyclic protein kinase cascade inactivates the regulatory enzymes of fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis
  publication-title: FEBS Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80292-2
– volume: 12
  start-page: e0170975
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib44
  article-title: Advances in the quantification of mitochondrial function in primary human immune cells through extracellular flux analysis
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170975
– volume: 559
  start-page: 405
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib51
  article-title: Reprogramming human T cell function and specificity with non-viral genome targeting
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0326-5
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1365
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib33
  article-title: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A has a lysine succinyltransferase activity
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.030
– volume: 108
  start-page: 9548
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib35
  article-title: Spontaneous and aging-dependent development of arthritis in NADPH oxidase 2 deficiency through altered differentiation of CD11b+ and Th/Treg cells
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1012645108
– volume: 14
  start-page: 187
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib5
  article-title: Metformin selectively targets redox control of complex I energy transduction
  publication-title: Redox Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.018
– volume: 28
  start-page: 504
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib50
  article-title: Etomoxir actions on regulatory and memory T cells are independent of Cpt1a-mediated fatty acid oxidation
  publication-title: Cell Metab.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.002
– volume: 16
  start-page: e2003782
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib64
  article-title: Identifying off-target effects of etomoxir reveals that carnitine palmitoyltransferase I is essential for cancer cell proliferation independent of β-oxidation
  publication-title: PLoS Biol.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003782
– volume: 289
  start-page: 11095
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib47
  article-title: Tracking the subcellular fate of 20(s)-hydroxycholesterol with click chemistry reveals a transport pathway to the Golgi
  publication-title: J. Biol. Chem.
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.540351
– volume: 15
  start-page: 921
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib59
  article-title: Normalization of obesity-associated insulin resistance through immunotherapy
  publication-title: Nat. Med.
  doi: 10.1038/nm.2001
– volume: 9
  start-page: e91146
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib32
  article-title: Reactive oxygen species prevent imiquimod-induced psoriatic dermatitis through enhancing regulatory T cell function
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091146
– volume: 11
  start-page: 617
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib41
  article-title: Acylcarnitines--old actors auditioning for new roles in metabolic physiology
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Endocrinol.
  doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.129
– volume: 30
  start-page: 832
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib14
  article-title: The mTOR kinase differentially regulates effector and regulatory T cell lineage commitment
  publication-title: Immunity
  doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.04.014
– volume: 27
  start-page: 2505
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib53
  article-title: HIV-1 infection induces strong production of IP-10 through TLR7/9-dependent pathways
  publication-title: AIDS
  doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000432455.06476.bc
– volume: 7
  start-page: 274ra18
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib65
  article-title: Normalization of CD4+ T cell metabolism reverses lupus
  publication-title: Sci. Transl. Med.
  doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa0835
– volume: 12
  start-page: e0188474
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib28
  article-title: Type 1 diabetes alters lipid handling and metabolism in human fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188474
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1516
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib29
  article-title: Metabolic adaptation of human CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells to T-cell receptor-mediated stimulation
  publication-title: Front. Immunol.
  doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01516
– volume: 548
  start-page: 228
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib63
  article-title: Metabolic control of TH17 and induced Treg cell balance by an epigenetic mechanism
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature23475
– volume: 186
  start-page: 1162
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib27
  article-title: Elevated proinflammatory cytokine production by a skewed T cell compartment requires monocytes and promotes inflammation in type 2 diabetes
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002615
– volume: 351
  start-page: 275
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib56
  article-title: Metabolism. AMP-activated protein kinase mediates mitochondrial fission in response to energy stress
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aab4138
– volume: 102
  start-page: 1229
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib66
  article-title: Fatty acid synthase regulates the pathogenicity of Th17 cells
  publication-title: J. Leukoc. Biol.
  doi: 10.1189/jlb.3AB0417-159RR
– volume: 34
  start-page: 2637
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib42
  article-title: T-cell profile in adipose tissue is associated with insulin resistance and systemic inflammation in humans
  publication-title: Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.
  doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304636
– volume: 8
  start-page: 2329
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib55
  article-title: Targeting CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma to radiation therapy
  publication-title: Theranostics
  doi: 10.7150/thno.21451
– volume: 306
  start-page: E1378
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib52
  article-title: Acylcarnitines activate proinflammatory signaling pathways
  publication-title: Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
  doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00656.2013
– volume: 145
  start-page: 366
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib17
  article-title: Association between specific adipose tissue CD4+ T-cell populations and insulin resistance in obese individuals
  publication-title: Gastroenterology
  doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.04.010
– volume: 16
  start-page: 85
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib38
  article-title: Regulatory iNKT cells lack expression of the transcription factor PLZF and control the homeostasis of T(reg) cells and macrophages in adipose tissue
  publication-title: Nat. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/ni.3047
– volume: 80
  start-page: 184
  year: 1987
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib18
  article-title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates hepatic lipogenesis in the rat in vivo
  publication-title: J. Clin. Invest.
  doi: 10.1172/JCI113046
– volume: 192
  start-page: 3626
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib7
  article-title: Metabolic reprogramming is required for antibody production that is suppressed in anergic but exaggerated in chronically BAFF-exposed B cells
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302062
– volume: 111
  start-page: 12163
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib54
  article-title: Oxysterols are agonist ligands of RORγt and drive Th17 cell differentiation
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1322807111
– volume: 171
  start-page: 1057
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib11
  article-title: Oxysterol restraint of cholesterol synthesis prevents AIM2 inflammasome activation
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.029
– volume: 354
  start-page: 481
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib46
  article-title: Aerobic glycolysis promotes T helper 1 cell differentiation through an epigenetic mechanism
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aaf6284
– volume: 174
  start-page: 4670
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib8
  article-title: Glucose availability regulates IFN-gamma production and p70S6 kinase activation in CD8+ effector T cells
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4670
– volume: 186
  start-page: 3299
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib43
  article-title: Cutting edge: distinct glycolytic and lipid oxidative metabolic programs are essential for effector and regulatory CD4+ T cell subsets
  publication-title: J. Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003613
– volume: 44
  start-page: 406
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib48
  article-title: The proteomic landscape of human ex vivo regulatory and conventional T cells reveals specific metabolic requirements
  publication-title: Immunity
  doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.01.028
– volume: 39
  start-page: 762
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib57
  article-title: The impact of adiposity on adipose tissue-resident lymphocyte activation in humans
  publication-title: Int. J. Obes.
  doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.195
– volume: 228
  start-page: 353
  year: 1985
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib3
  article-title: Glutamine and glucose metabolism during thymocyte proliferation. Pathways of glutamine and glutamate metabolism
  publication-title: Biochem. J.
  doi: 10.1042/bj2280353
– volume: 58
  start-page: 109
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib60
  article-title: PLS-regression: a basic tool of chemometrics
  publication-title: Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst.
  doi: 10.1016/S0169-7439(01)00155-1
– volume: 123
  start-page: 4992
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib19
  article-title: Macrophages, fat, and the emergence of immunometabolism
  publication-title: J. Clin. Invest.
  doi: 10.1172/JCI73658
– volume: 26
  start-page: 241
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib12
  article-title: A key role of leptin in the control of regulatory T cell proliferation
  publication-title: Immunity
  doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.01.011
– volume: 12
  start-page: 295
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib15
  article-title: The kinase mTOR regulates the differentiation of helper T cells through the selective activation of signaling by mTORC1 and mTORC2
  publication-title: Nat. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/ni.2005
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1042
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib16
  article-title: Obesity drives Th17 cell differentiation by inducing the lipid metabolic kinase, ACC1
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.014
– volume: 104
  start-page: 1508
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004_bib23
  article-title: Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk
  publication-title: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
  doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-01000
– reference: 31417193 - Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019 Oct;15(10):564
SSID ssj0036393
Score 2.5959148
Snippet Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17...
Mechanisms that regulate metabolites and downstream energy generation are key determinants of T cell cytokine production, but the processes underlying the Th17...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 447
SubjectTerms Adult
Aged
Carnitine - analogs & derivatives
Carnitine - metabolism
Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase - genetics
Cells, Cultured
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cytokines - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
fatty acid oxidation
Fatty Acids - metabolism
Female
Gene Knockdown Techniques
glycolysis
Glycolysis - genetics
Humans
immunometabolism
Inflammation - metabolism
Lymphocyte Activation - immunology
Male
Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics
metaflammation
Middle Aged
Obesity - metabolism
Oxidation-Reduction
Th17 Cells - immunology
Transfection
Young Adult
Title Fatty Acid Metabolites Combine with Reduced β Oxidation to Activate Th17 Inflammation in Human Type 2 Diabetes
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.004
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31378464
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2268574979
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8506657
Volume 30
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1faxQxEA-lUPBF_O9VLRF8k-V2N8lO9rGWHq2igrZwbyHJZumK7pXeFuzX8oP4mZzJZg9PpQ8-7u4MhJ1kZpL85jeMvQqVRt9Y2UxpZzPZyiKzRSiz3LoWtLBNaSPb54fq5Fy-XarlDjuaamEIVpl8_-jTo7dOb-bpb84vu27-mZJrSWwxNbphACr4papSKuJbvpm8scAIHEH2KJyRdCqcGTFe_lsgPGVRRwLP1KztH8Hp7-TzTwzlb0FpcY_dTdkkPxwHfJ_thP4B2xv7S948ZKuFHYYbfui7hr8PA9qbKo7XHJ0AbogDp0NY_onIW0PDf_7gH793Y4slPqxQK3Y-C_zsogB-2rc4d8Y6R971PB7-c9rF8pInWM36ETtfHJ8dnWSpw0LmpVJDZuvSNsFC3roKmhBk7mTeaqt0Ax6kx-jvrPUW2qLSGs0ngpDeO1doTxeq4jHb7Vd9eMo46IAC0mlb1tKB0xQHWxAy-EbluZuxYvq1xif6ceqC8dVMOLMvhsxhyBwmp1txOWOvNzqXI_nGrdJqspjZmkIGo8Otei8n8xpcW3RhYvuwul4bTE21AllDPWNPRnNvxiEKAZi7oTZsTYSNAPF2b3_pu4vI300kgZWC_f8c7zN2h54i0E08Z7vD1XV4gZnR4A5wT3D67iAugF-z1w9K
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3NbtQwELZKEYILKn_tQgEjcUPRJrEdO8dSdbULbZFgK-3Nsh1HDaLZik0l-lo8CM_EjOOsuoB64BrPSJZnPDOOP39DyFtfKIiNhUmEsibhNc8Sk_k8SY2tpWKmyk1g-zwtpmf8w0Istsjh8BYGYZUx9vcxPUTr-GUcV3N82TTjL1hcc2SLKSEMS6nukLtQDaTo2rPF-yEcM0jBAWUP0gmKx5czPcjLXXgEVGZlYPCM3dr-kZ3-rj7_BFHeyEqTHfIwlpP0oJ_xI7Ll28fkXt9g8voJWU5M113TA9dU9MR3YHB8cryiEAXgROwp_oWln5G91Vf010_66UfT91ii3RK0QuszT-fnmaSztgbn6R860qal4e8_xWMszWnE1ayekrPJ0fxwmsQWC4njQnSJKXNTeSPT2hay8p6nlqe1MkJV0knuIP1bY5yRdVYoBfZjnnHnrM2UwxtV9oxst8vW7xEqlQcBbpXJS26lVZgIa8m4d5VIUzsi2bC02kX-cWyD8U0PQLOvGs2h0Rw6xWtxPiLv1jqXPfvGrdJisJje8CEN6eFWvTeDeTVsLrwxMa1fXq001KZKSF7KckR2e3Ov58EyJqF4A2254QhrASTu3hxpm_NA4I0sgYWQz_9zvq_J_en85Fgfz04_viAPcCSg3tg-2e6-X_mXUCZ19lXYBr8B-gURdA
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fatty+Acid+Metabolites+Combine+with+Reduced+%CE%B2+Oxidation+to+Activate+Th17+Inflammation+in+Human+Type+2+Diabetes&rft.jtitle=Cell+metabolism&rft.au=Nicholas%2C+Dequina+A&rft.au=Proctor%2C+Elizabeth+A&rft.au=Agrawal%2C+Madhur&rft.au=Belkina%2C+Anna+C&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft.eissn=1932-7420&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=447&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cmet.2019.07.004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31378464&rft.externalDocID=31378464
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1550-4131&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1550-4131&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1550-4131&client=summon