Biomolecular condensates in neurodegeneration and cancer

The intracellular environment is partitioned into functionally distinct compartments containing specific sets of molecules and reactions. Biomolecular condensates, also referred to as membrane‐less organelles, are diverse and abundant cellular compartments that lack membranous enclosures. Molecules...

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Published inTraffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) Vol. 20; no. 12; pp. 890 - 911
Main Authors Spannl, Stephanie, Tereshchenko, Maria, Mastromarco, Giovanni J., Ihn, Sean J., Lee, Hyun O.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Former Munksgaard John Wiley & Sons A/S 01.12.2019
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects
biomolecular condensates
cancer
Condensates
disease
membrane‐less organelles
Neurodegeneration
Organelles
phase separation
phase transition
Prokaryotes
phase separation
disease
neurodegeneration
cancer
phase transition
biomolecular condensates
membrane-less organelles
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1398-9219
1600-0854
1600-0854
DOI10.1111/tra.12704

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Abstract The intracellular environment is partitioned into functionally distinct compartments containing specific sets of molecules and reactions. Biomolecular condensates, also referred to as membrane‐less organelles, are diverse and abundant cellular compartments that lack membranous enclosures. Molecules assemble into condensates by phase separation; multivalent weak interactions drive molecules to separate from their surroundings and concentrate in discrete locations. Biomolecular condensates exist in all eukaryotes and in some prokaryotes, and participate in various essential house‐keeping, stress‐response and cell type‐specific processes. An increasing number of recent studies link abnormal condensate formation, composition and material properties to a number of disease states. In this review, we discuss current knowledge and models describing the regulation of condensates and how they become dysregulated in neurodegeneration and cancer. Further research on the regulation of biomolecular phase separation will help us to better understand their role in cell physiology and disease. Cellular space is divided into discrete compartments containing distinct sets of molecules. This review focuses on a group of evolutionarily conserved compartments called biomolecular condensates. Condensates lack membrane enclosures and instead concentrate molecules via phase separation; molecules demix from their surroundings through multivalent weak interactions to form separate phases. We highlight current knowledge and models describing the regulation of condensates implicated in neurodegeneration and cancer. Further studies in their regulation will provide important insight into these diseases.
AbstractList The intracellular environment is partitioned into functionally distinct compartments containing specific sets of molecules and reactions. Biomolecular condensates, also referred to as membrane-less organelles, are diverse and abundant cellular compartments that lack membranous enclosures. Molecules assemble into condensates by phase separation; multivalent weak interactions drive molecules to separate from their surroundings and concentrate in discrete locations. Biomolecular condensates exist in all eukaryotes and in some prokaryotes, and participate in various essential house-keeping, stress-response and cell type-specific processes. An increasing number of recent studies link abnormal condensate formation, composition and material properties to a number of disease states. In this review, we discuss current knowledge and models describing the regulation of condensates and how they become dysregulated in neurodegeneration and cancer. Further research on the regulation of biomolecular phase separation will help us to better understand their role in cell physiology and disease.The intracellular environment is partitioned into functionally distinct compartments containing specific sets of molecules and reactions. Biomolecular condensates, also referred to as membrane-less organelles, are diverse and abundant cellular compartments that lack membranous enclosures. Molecules assemble into condensates by phase separation; multivalent weak interactions drive molecules to separate from their surroundings and concentrate in discrete locations. Biomolecular condensates exist in all eukaryotes and in some prokaryotes, and participate in various essential house-keeping, stress-response and cell type-specific processes. An increasing number of recent studies link abnormal condensate formation, composition and material properties to a number of disease states. In this review, we discuss current knowledge and models describing the regulation of condensates and how they become dysregulated in neurodegeneration and cancer. Further research on the regulation of biomolecular phase separation will help us to better understand their role in cell physiology and disease.
The intracellular environment is partitioned into functionally distinct compartments containing specific sets of molecules and reactions. Biomolecular condensates, also referred to as membrane-less organelles, are diverse and abundant cellular compartments that lack membranous enclosures. Molecules assemble into condensates by phase separation; multivalent weak interactions drive molecules to separate from their surroundings and concentrate in discrete locations. Biomolecular condensates exist in all eukaryotes and in some prokaryotes, and participate in various essential house-keeping, stress-response and cell type-specific processes. An increasing number of recent studies link abnormal condensate formation, composition and material properties to a number of disease states. In this review, we discuss current knowledge and models describing the regulation of condensates and how they become dysregulated in neurodegeneration and cancer. Further research on the regulation of biomolecular phase separation will help us to better understand their role in cell physiology and disease.
The intracellular environment is partitioned into functionally distinct compartments containing specific sets of molecules and reactions. Biomolecular condensates, also referred to as membrane‐less organelles, are diverse and abundant cellular compartments that lack membranous enclosures. Molecules assemble into condensates by phase separation; multivalent weak interactions drive molecules to separate from their surroundings and concentrate in discrete locations. Biomolecular condensates exist in all eukaryotes and in some prokaryotes, and participate in various essential house‐keeping, stress‐response and cell type‐specific processes. An increasing number of recent studies link abnormal condensate formation, composition and material properties to a number of disease states. In this review, we discuss current knowledge and models describing the regulation of condensates and how they become dysregulated in neurodegeneration and cancer. Further research on the regulation of biomolecular phase separation will help us to better understand their role in cell physiology and disease. Cellular space is divided into discrete compartments containing distinct sets of molecules. This review focuses on a group of evolutionarily conserved compartments called biomolecular condensates. Condensates lack membrane enclosures and instead concentrate molecules via phase separation; molecules demix from their surroundings through multivalent weak interactions to form separate phases. We highlight current knowledge and models describing the regulation of condensates implicated in neurodegeneration and cancer. Further studies in their regulation will provide important insight into these diseases.
Author Tereshchenko, Maria
Ihn, Sean J.
Spannl, Stephanie
Lee, Hyun O.
Mastromarco, Giovanni J.
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  surname: Tereshchenko
  fullname: Tereshchenko, Maria
  organization: University of Toronto
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Giovanni J.
  surname: Mastromarco
  fullname: Mastromarco, Giovanni J.
  organization: University of Toronto
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  givenname: Sean J.
  surname: Ihn
  fullname: Ihn, Sean J.
  organization: University of Toronto
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Hyun O.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0102-4795
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Hyun O.
  email: hyunokate.lee@utoronto.ca
  organization: University of Toronto
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31606941$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 12
Keywords phase separation
disease
neurodegeneration
cancer
phase transition
biomolecular condensates
membrane-less organelles
Language English
License 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Snippet The intracellular environment is partitioned into functionally distinct compartments containing specific sets of molecules and reactions. Biomolecular...
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SubjectTerms biomolecular condensates
cancer
Condensates
disease
membrane‐less organelles
Neurodegeneration
Organelles
phase separation
phase transition
Prokaryotes
Title Biomolecular condensates in neurodegeneration and cancer
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