Ship anemometer bias management
Wind measurements made on ships are used for general navigation, maritime operations, and in some cases logged to support oceanographic research. They are particularly important for aircraft-carrying ships as operations can be restricted in certain wind conditions. Shipboard wind measurements are su...
Saved in:
| Published in | Ocean engineering Vol. 216; p. 107843 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
15.11.2020
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0029-8018 1873-5258 1873-5258 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843 |
Cover
| Abstract | Wind measurements made on ships are used for general navigation, maritime operations, and in some cases logged to support oceanographic research. They are particularly important for aircraft-carrying ships as operations can be restricted in certain wind conditions. Shipboard wind measurements are subject to biases and inaccuracies as a result of air flow changing as it passes over and around the ship, its structures, and features. Ship-induced wind distortion and the resulting bias on anemometer readings can range from insignificant to severe. Anemometer bias cannot be completely eliminated for all conditions, but it can be managed so that reliable and accurate assessments of wind at sea can be identified. This paper describes the basic concepts related to ship wind distortion along with procedures and considerations on how bias can be quantified using simulations or model tests and validated using sea trials. An example case of a helicopter-carrying frigate is used to demonstrate the process of quantifying bias, calculating metrics, determining useful ranges, and developing and applying correction-functions. Wind tunnel measurements and a sea trial successfully demonstrated and validated the proposed ship anemometer bias management methodology.
•Wind flow is distorted as it moves over and around a ship and its structures.•Shipboard measurement of wind is biased by ship-induced flow distortion.•Accurate wind measurements are particularly important for aircraft-carrying ships.•Ships may require multiple anemometers to ensure accurate wind measurement for all wind angles.•In some cases, algorithms can be developed to correct for bias using data from simulations or model tests. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Wind measurements made on ships are used for general navigation, maritime operations, and in some cases logged to support oceanographic research. They are particularly important for aircraft-carrying ships as operations can be restricted in certain wind conditions. Shipboard wind measurements are subject to biases and inaccuracies as a result of air flow changing as it passes over and around the ship, its structures, and features. Ship-induced wind distortion and the resulting bias on anemometer readings can range from insignificant to severe. Anemometer bias cannot be completely eliminated for all conditions, but it can be managed so that reliable and accurate assessments of wind at sea can be identified. This paper describes the basic concepts related to ship wind distortion along with procedures and considerations on how bias can be quantified using simulations or model tests and validated using sea trials. An example case of a helicopter-carrying frigate is used to demonstrate the process of quantifying bias, calculating metrics, determining useful ranges, and developing and applying correction-functions. Wind tunnel measurements and a sea trial successfully demonstrated and validated the proposed ship anemometer bias management methodology.
•Wind flow is distorted as it moves over and around a ship and its structures.•Shipboard measurement of wind is biased by ship-induced flow distortion.•Accurate wind measurements are particularly important for aircraft-carrying ships.•Ships may require multiple anemometers to ensure accurate wind measurement for all wind angles.•In some cases, algorithms can be developed to correct for bias using data from simulations or model tests. NRC publication: Yes |
| ArticleNumber | 107843 |
| Author | Thornhill, Eric McTavish, Sean Wall, Alanna Lee, Richard |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Eric surname: Thornhill fullname: Thornhill, Eric email: eric.thornhill@forces.gc.ca organization: Defence Research and Development Canada, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Alanna surname: Wall fullname: Wall, Alanna organization: National Research Council Canada, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Sean surname: McTavish fullname: McTavish, Sean organization: National Research Council Canada, Canada – sequence: 4 givenname: Richard surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Richard organization: National Research Council Canada, Canada |
| BookMark | eNqNkE1PwzAMhiM0JMbgL8D-QEfSNB-VOIAmvqRJHIBzlDnuyLSmU1pA-_ekFDhwGRc7tvL49etjMgpNQELOGJ0xyuTFetYA2oBhNctp3jeVLvgBGTOteCZyoUdkTGleZpoyfUSO23ZNKZWS8jE5f3r122mi66bGDuN06W07rW2wK6wxdCfksLKbFk-_84S83N48z--zxePdw_x6kUEheJcVOSsVQgE5L2UpbQV5gYIJVIWV3EnHUgWQHkpUKLlALVIAdFwUTDk-IWqY-xa2dvdhNxuzjb62cWcYNb1PszY_Pk3v0ww-E3k5kBCbto1YGfCd7XwTumj9Zj8u_-D_1nUDGCJAupezv2RjfVqi7bzxfTLph4GvYId-8thXSpdVqZ3hJWpTKFyaEpJAlXPFncalQ0gyV4MMpuu_e4ymBY8hXc5HhM64xu_b9BPTrKpf |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2022_112793 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2024_119456 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs15225392 crossref_primary_10_1177_15485129221118937 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs15163959 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sna_2025_116368 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jweia_2025_106014 |
| Cites_doi | 10.2514/3.46202 10.1175/1520-0426(1986)003<0012:TEOIIW>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0450(1976)015<0102:SIOWMD>2.0.CO;2 10.1023/A:1018966204465 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<1575:EANSOT>2.0.CO;2 10.5194/os-9-855-2013 10.1016/j.mio.2015.03.001 10.1002/joc.1177 10.1063/1.1770886 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1477:CMEOTA>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/JTECH1858.1 10.1029/JC095iC08p13313 10.1175/JTECH1859.1 10.1016/0198-0149(89)90105-2 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.fr) |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 – notice: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.fr) |
| DBID | 6I. AAFTH -LJ GXV AAYXX CITATION ADTOC UNPAY |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843 |
| DatabaseName | ScienceDirect Open Access Titles Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access National Research Council Canada Archive CISTI Source CrossRef Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering Oceanography Sciences |
| EISSN | 1873-5258 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843 10_1016_j_oceaneng_2020_107843 oai_cisti_icist_nrc_cnrc_ca_cistinparc_c789f98d_39e8_47eb_9c20_f2373d8ebdec S002980182030812X |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M -~X .DC .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1~. 1~5 4.4 457 4G. 5VS 6I. 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JM 9JN AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAFTH AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAXUO ABFYP ABJNI ABLST ABMAC ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFTJW AFXIZ AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHEUO AHHHB AHJVU AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJOXV AKIFW ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AXJTR BJAXD BKOJK BLECG BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA IHE J1W JJJVA KCYFY KOM LY6 LY7 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 ROL RPZ SDF SDG SES SPC SPCBC SSJ SST SSZ T5K TAE TN5 XPP ZMT ~02 ~G- -LJ AATTM AAXKI AAYWO ACLOT ACVFH ADCNI AEIPS AEUPX AFPUW AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP EFKBS GXV ~HD 29N 6TJ AAQXK AAYXX ABFNM ABWVN ABXDB ACKIV ACNNM ACRPL ADMUD ADNMO AFFNX AFJKZ AGQPQ AIGII ASPBG AVWKF AZFZN CITATION EJD FEDTE FGOYB G-2 HVGLF HZ~ R2- SAC SET SEW WUQ ADTOC UNPAY |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c453t-42197ec4c239696afc24e515e74a63d6d1e51ccd6d75fe635e8535eced35417d3 |
| IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
| ISSN | 0029-8018 1873-5258 |
| IngestDate | Sun Oct 26 03:46:49 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:12:24 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 05:12:30 EDT 2025 Fri Oct 24 21:13:10 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:45:32 EST 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Model tests Relative wind Sea trial Wind tunnel Ship wind measurements Anemometer bias |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. cc-by-nc-nd |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c453t-42197ec4c239696afc24e515e74a63d6d1e51ccd6d75fe635e8535eced35417d3 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002980182030812X |
| ParticipantIDs | unpaywall_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2020_107843 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2020_107843 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2020_107843 nrccanada_primary_oai_cisti_icist_nrc_cnrc_ca_cistinparc_c789f98d_39e8_47eb_9c20_f2373d8ebdec elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_oceaneng_2020_107843 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2020-11-15 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-11-15 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2020 text: 2020-11-15 day: 15 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Ocean engineering |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier |
| References | Wilczak, Oncley, Stage (b39) 2001; 99 Yelland, Moat, Pascal, Berry (b40) 2002; 19 Davenport (b10) 1960; 86 Blanc, Larson (b6) 1989 Moat, Yelland, Molland (b25) 2006; 23 Blanc (b3) 1986 (b28) 1993 2019. Turbulent Flow Instrumentation Elliot (b11) 1981 Zdravkovich (b41) 1997 Blunt (b7) 1991 Pierson (b31) 1990; 95 O’Sullivan, Landwehr, Ward (b29) 2013; 9 Mazzarella (b18) 1954; 25 Moat, Yelland (b23) 2009 Ching (b9) 1976; 15 (b2) 2015 Irwin (b15) 1979 Moat (b20) 2003 Blanc (b5) 1987 Popinet, Smith, Stevens (b33) 2004; 21 Polsky, Ghee, Butler, Czerwiec (b32) 2011 Moat, Yelland, Pascal, Molland (b27) 2006; 23 Taylor, P.K., Kent, E.C., Yelland, M.J., Moat, B.I., 1999. The accuracy of marine surface winds from ships and buoys. In: CLIMAR99 - WMO Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology. Vancouver, Canada. Kidwell, Seguin (b17) 1978 Bogorodskiy (b8) 1966; 6 Rahmstorf (b34) 1989; 36 Kahma, Leppãranta (b16) 1981; 17 Healey (b13) 1992; 29 . Forand (b12) 2018 Augstein, Hoeber, Krügermeyer (b1) 1974 Hoeber (b14) 1977 Moat, Yelland, Pascal, Molland (b26) 2005; 25 Moat, Molland, Yelland (b21) 2004 Moat, Yelland, Molland (b24) 2004 Thiebaux (b37) 1990 Blanc (b4) 1986; 3 Moat (b19) 1994 Moat, Yelland (b22) 2005 Reinsvold (b35) 2013 O’Sullivan, Landwehr, Ward (b30) 2015; 12 Pierson (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b31) 1990; 95 Zdravkovich (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b41) 1997 Hoeber (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b14) 1977 Reinsvold (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b35) 2013 Kahma (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b16) 1981; 17 Augstein (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b1) 1974 (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b28) 1993 Wilczak (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b39) 2001; 99 Ching (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b9) 1976; 15 Moat (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b27) 2006; 23 (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b2) 2015 Mazzarella (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b18) 1954; 25 Moat (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b19) 1994 Blunt (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b7) 1991 Davenport (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b10) 1960; 86 Moat (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b26) 2005; 25 Bogorodskiy (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b8) 1966; 6 Blanc (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b4) 1986; 3 Moat (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b21) 2004 Polsky (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b32) 2011 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b38 Elliot (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b11) 1981 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b36 Blanc (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b3) 1986 Blanc (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b5) 1987 Moat (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b24) 2004 Popinet (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b33) 2004; 21 Forand (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b12) 2018 Kidwell (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b17) 1978 Rahmstorf (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b34) 1989; 36 Healey (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b13) 1992; 29 O’Sullivan (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b29) 2013; 9 Moat (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b23) 2009 Moat (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b22) 2005 Yelland (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b40) 2002; 19 Thiebaux (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b37) 1990 Blanc (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b6) 1989 Moat (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b20) 2003 O’Sullivan (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b30) 2015; 12 Moat (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b25) 2006; 23 Irwin (10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b15) 1979 |
| References_xml | – start-page: 14 year: 1981 ident: b11 article-title: Anemometer Blockage on CSS Dawson – year: 2015 ident: b2 article-title: Modeling and Simulation of the Effect of Ship Design on Helicopter Launch and Recovery – volume: 25 start-page: 63 year: 1954 end-page: 68 ident: b18 article-title: Wind tunnel tests on seven aerovanes publication-title: Rev. Sci. Instrum. – volume: 99 start-page: 127 year: 2001 end-page: 150 ident: b39 article-title: Sonic anemometer tilt correction algorithms publication-title: Bound.-Lay. Meteorol. – year: 1987 ident: b5 article-title: Superstructure Flow Distortion Corrections for Wind Speed and Direction Measurements Made From VIRGINIA Class (CGN38-CGN41) Ships – start-page: 537 year: 2004 end-page: 540 ident: b24 article-title: Possible biases in wind speed measurements from merchant ships publication-title: 5th International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications – year: 2005 ident: b22 article-title: Improving Wind Speed Measurements from Ships: Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling – year: 1993 ident: b28 article-title: Standardized Wave and Wind Environments and Shipboard Reporting of Sea Conditions: STANAG 4194 Ed. 2 – year: 1986 ident: b3 article-title: Superstructure Flow Distortion Corrections for Wind Speed and Direction Measurements Made from Tarawa Class (LHA1-LHA5) Ships – year: 1994 ident: b19 article-title: Improving Wind Velocity Measurements on Ships: Industrial Training Year at the James Rennell Centre for Ocean Circulation, 12 Aug 1993-9 Sept 1994 – year: 1990 ident: b37 article-title: Wind Tunnel Experiments to Determine Correction Functions for Shipboard Anemometers – reference: 2019. Turbulent Flow Instrumentation, – volume: 29 start-page: 559 year: 1992 end-page: 564 ident: b13 article-title: Establishing a database for flight in the wakes of structures publication-title: J. Aircr. – volume: 6 start-page: 283 year: 1966 end-page: 288 ident: b8 article-title: A comparison of gradient observations of wind velocity by means of the froude spear-buoy and a shipboard gradient installation publication-title: Oceanol. Acad. Sci. USSR – volume: 23 start-page: 341 year: 2006 end-page: 350 ident: b27 article-title: Quantifying the airflow distortion over merchant ships. Part I: Validation of a CFD model publication-title: J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. – year: 2011 ident: b32 article-title: Application of CFD to anemometer position evaluation: A feasibility study publication-title: 29th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference – year: 2013 ident: b35 article-title: Roll and Pitch Corrections for a Shipboard Anemometer – year: 1997 ident: b41 article-title: Flow Around Circular Cylinders, Vol. 1: Fundamentals – volume: 95 start-page: 13313 year: 1990 ident: b31 article-title: Examples of, reasons for, and consequences of the poor quality of wind data from ships for the marine boundary layer: Implications for remote sensing publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 3 start-page: 12 year: 1986 end-page: 26 ident: b4 article-title: The effect of inaccuracies in weather-ship data on bulk-derived estimates of flux, stability and sea-surface roughness publication-title: J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. – volume: 86 start-page: 39 year: 1960 end-page: 68 ident: b10 article-title: Rationale for determining design wind velocities publication-title: Amer. Soc. Civil Eng. J. Struct. Div. – volume: 36 start-page: 1267 year: 1989 end-page: 1276 ident: b34 article-title: Improving the accuracy of wind speed observations from ships publication-title: Deep Sea Res. A – year: 1978 ident: b17 article-title: Comparison of Mast and Boom Wind Speed and Direction Measurements on U.S. GATE B-Scale Ships – volume: 21 start-page: 1575 year: 2004 end-page: 1589 ident: b33 article-title: Experimental and numerical study of the turbulence characteristics of airflow around a research vessel publication-title: J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. – volume: 25 start-page: 997 year: 2005 end-page: 1006 ident: b26 article-title: An overview of the airflow distortion at anemometer sites on ships publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. – year: 2009 ident: b23 article-title: Airflow Distortion at Anemometer Sites on the OWS Polarfront – start-page: 204 year: 1977 end-page: 213 ident: b14 article-title: Accuracy of meteorological observations on the ocean publication-title: Seewart (Hambg.) – reference: Taylor, P.K., Kent, E.C., Yelland, M.J., Moat, B.I., 1999. The accuracy of marine surface winds from ships and buoys. In: CLIMAR99 - WMO Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology. Vancouver, Canada. – reference: . – volume: 9 start-page: 855 year: 2013 end-page: 866 ident: b29 article-title: Mapping flow distortion on oceanographic platforms using computational fluid dynamics publication-title: Ocean Sci. – start-page: 1 year: 1974 end-page: 10 ident: b1 article-title: Errors of temperature, humidity, and wind speed measurements on ships in tropical latitudes publication-title: Meteor Forsch.sergeb. (Berl.) Reihe B – year: 1989 ident: b6 article-title: Superstructure Flow Distortion Corrections for Wind Speed and Direction Measurements Made from NIMITZ Class (CVN68-CVN73) Ships – year: 2004 ident: b21 article-title: A Wind Tunnel Study of the Mean Airflow around a Simple Representation of a Merchant Ship – year: 2018 ident: b12 article-title: The LWKD Surface Boundary Layer Model: Version 8.10 – volume: 12 start-page: 1 year: 2015 end-page: 17 ident: b30 article-title: Air-flow distortion and wave interactions on research vessels: An experimental and numerical comparison publication-title: Methods Oceanogr. – volume: 15 start-page: 102 year: 1976 end-page: 106 ident: b9 article-title: Ship’s influence on wind measurements determined from BOMEX mast and boom data publication-title: J. Appl. Meteorol. – volume: 23 start-page: 351 year: 2006 end-page: 360 ident: b25 article-title: Quantifying the airflow distortion over merchant ships. Part II: Application of the model results publication-title: J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. – year: 2003 ident: b20 article-title: Quantifying the Effects of Airflow Distortion on Anemometer Wind Speed Measurements from Merchant Ships – volume: 19 start-page: 1477 year: 2002 end-page: 1499 ident: b40 article-title: CFD model estimates of the airflow distortion over research ships and the impact on momentum flux measurements publication-title: J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. – year: 1979 ident: b15 article-title: Design and Use of Spires for Natural Wind Simulation – year: 1991 ident: b7 article-title: Relative Wind Measurements on an FFG-7 Class Frigate (U) – volume: 17 start-page: 155 year: 1981 end-page: 165 ident: b16 article-title: On errors in wind speed observations on R/V aranda publication-title: Geophysica – year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b22 – volume: 29 start-page: 559 issue: 4 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b13 article-title: Establishing a database for flight in the wakes of structures publication-title: J. Aircr. doi: 10.2514/3.46202 – year: 1979 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b15 – ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b36 – year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b23 – volume: 86 start-page: 39 year: 1960 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b10 article-title: Rationale for determining design wind velocities publication-title: Amer. Soc. Civil Eng. J. Struct. Div. – start-page: 537 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b24 article-title: Possible biases in wind speed measurements from merchant ships – year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b32 article-title: Application of CFD to anemometer position evaluation: A feasibility study – ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b38 – volume: 3 start-page: 12 issue: 1 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b4 article-title: The effect of inaccuracies in weather-ship data on bulk-derived estimates of flux, stability and sea-surface roughness publication-title: J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1986)003<0012:TEOIIW>2.0.CO;2 – volume: 17 start-page: 155 issue: 1–2 year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b16 article-title: On errors in wind speed observations on R/V aranda publication-title: Geophysica – start-page: 1 issue: 9 year: 1974 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b1 article-title: Errors of temperature, humidity, and wind speed measurements on ships in tropical latitudes publication-title: Meteor Forsch.sergeb. (Berl.) Reihe B – start-page: 14 year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b11 – year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b6 – volume: 15 start-page: 102 issue: 1 year: 1976 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b9 article-title: Ship’s influence on wind measurements determined from BOMEX mast and boom data publication-title: J. Appl. Meteorol. doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1976)015<0102:SIOWMD>2.0.CO;2 – year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b20 – year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b28 – start-page: 204 issue: 38 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b14 article-title: Accuracy of meteorological observations on the ocean publication-title: Seewart (Hambg.) – volume: 99 start-page: 127 issue: 1 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b39 article-title: Sonic anemometer tilt correction algorithms publication-title: Bound.-Lay. Meteorol. doi: 10.1023/A:1018966204465 – year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b37 – volume: 21 start-page: 1575 issue: 10 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b33 article-title: Experimental and numerical study of the turbulence characteristics of airflow around a research vessel publication-title: J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<1575:EANSOT>2.0.CO;2 – volume: 9 start-page: 855 issue: 5 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b29 article-title: Mapping flow distortion on oceanographic platforms using computational fluid dynamics publication-title: Ocean Sci. doi: 10.5194/os-9-855-2013 – volume: 12 start-page: 1 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b30 article-title: Air-flow distortion and wave interactions on research vessels: An experimental and numerical comparison publication-title: Methods Oceanogr. doi: 10.1016/j.mio.2015.03.001 – volume: 25 start-page: 997 issue: 7 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b26 article-title: An overview of the airflow distortion at anemometer sites on ships publication-title: Int. J. Climatol. doi: 10.1002/joc.1177 – volume: 6 start-page: 283 year: 1966 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b8 article-title: A comparison of gradient observations of wind velocity by means of the froude spear-buoy and a shipboard gradient installation publication-title: Oceanol. Acad. Sci. USSR – year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b5 – year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b12 – volume: 25 start-page: 63 issue: 1 year: 1954 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b18 article-title: Wind tunnel tests on seven aerovanes publication-title: Rev. Sci. Instrum. doi: 10.1063/1.1770886 – year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b35 – volume: 19 start-page: 1477 issue: 10 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b40 article-title: CFD model estimates of the airflow distortion over research ships and the impact on momentum flux measurements publication-title: J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1477:CMEOTA>2.0.CO;2 – year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b41 – volume: 23 start-page: 341 issue: 3 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b27 article-title: Quantifying the airflow distortion over merchant ships. Part I: Validation of a CFD model publication-title: J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. doi: 10.1175/JTECH1858.1 – volume: 95 start-page: 13313 issue: C8 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b31 article-title: Examples of, reasons for, and consequences of the poor quality of wind data from ships for the marine boundary layer: Implications for remote sensing publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. doi: 10.1029/JC095iC08p13313 – year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b3 – year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b2 – volume: 23 start-page: 351 issue: 3 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b25 article-title: Quantifying the airflow distortion over merchant ships. Part II: Application of the model results publication-title: J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. doi: 10.1175/JTECH1859.1 – year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b19 – year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b21 – year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b17 – volume: 36 start-page: 1267 issue: 8 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b34 article-title: Improving the accuracy of wind speed observations from ships publication-title: Deep Sea Res. A doi: 10.1016/0198-0149(89)90105-2 – year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843_b7 |
| SSID | ssj0006603 |
| Score | 2.3433447 |
| Snippet | Wind measurements made on ships are used for general navigation, maritime operations, and in some cases logged to support oceanographic research. They are... NRC publication: Yes |
| SourceID | unpaywall crossref nrccanada elsevier |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 107843 |
| SubjectTerms | Anemometer bias Model tests Relative wind relative windv Sea trial Ship wind measurements Wind tunnel |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Unpaywall dbid: UNPAY link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3dT9RAEJ_I8QCYqIDGE9Q--Frgurvd7SMxEEIikOAl-EA229kpnN71LnAXo3-9s_3KaTTgS9vddLbd2el8pDO_BfigTYZIB47DkszFUiVFnGMhY2lSDp-dLnyFM_vpLD0ZytMrddUEiqEW5rf_91UeFqtxV1J5w7FcEjq1kWIFVlPFvncPVodnF4df2jwOVrdV7ZvRgiMsZZZKgv8-0L-s0Vp5h1XWFdurtUU5cz--u_F4yfIcP4fz9p3rhJNve4t5voc__4BzfPykXsCzxgmNDmup2YQnVG7BxhI04RY8PQ-0DZ71Nry_vB3NIh5sMp2EBJooH7n7aNLlzryE4fHR548ncbO3QoxSiXksWVNpQomJCPg4rsBEEvs2pKVLhU_9gFuIfKFVQeyVENt1RUheKDnQXryCXjkt6TVEGr30lHhUWYBvS03itM9ydmVEkcpc90G1PLbYAI-H_S_Gts0w-2pbftjAD1vzow_7Hd2sht54kCJrl9A2DkTtGFhegQdpr7s17x4XsLcx6Fo7CifLd1isDq7uZ8kILZb4IjPeioyMlZpymyGPXCRCC28o94R9OOjk6JHTefP_JDuwHlqhWHKgdqE3v1vQW_aa5vm75lP5BTsqEbM priority: 102 providerName: Unpaywall |
| Title | Ship anemometer bias management |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843 https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=c789f98d-39e8-47eb-9c20-f2373d8ebdec https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107843 |
| UnpaywallVersion | publishedVersion |
| Volume | 216 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Baden-Württemberg Complete Freedom Collection (Elsevier) customDbUrl: eissn: 1873-5258 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0006603 issn: 0029-8018 databaseCode: GBLVA dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Complete Freedom Collection [SCCMFC] customDbUrl: eissn: 1873-5258 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0006603 issn: 0029-8018 databaseCode: ACRLP dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals [SCFCJ] customDbUrl: eissn: 1873-5258 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0006603 issn: 0029-8018 databaseCode: AIKHN dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: ScienceDirect (Elsevier) customDbUrl: eissn: 1873-5258 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0006603 issn: 0029-8018 databaseCode: .~1 dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVLSH databaseName: Elsevier Journals customDbUrl: mediaType: online eissn: 1873-5258 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0006603 issn: 0029-8018 databaseCode: AKRWK dateStart: 19700101 isFulltext: true providerName: Library Specific Holdings |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LTxsxELYQHKBIqKVUpAW6h16XJH6s18cIFaWtmlYqkdIDsrxjb7soWSIahLj0t3dmXw2HCqRe1mvLz7E131ia-czYO50agDBweC0xLpaK53EGuYxlmuD12encVzyznyfJeCo_ztRsg521sTDkVtno_lqnV9q6Kek30uwvi4JifLlB_YoQJhDX-Iwi2KWmVwxOf_9180iSgWjdPKj2WpTw1SlChCtD-QPviZwKdSrFvwBqu7yByhELIWz7tly6-zs3n6-B0flzttdYkdGonugLthHKffZsjVtwn-1-oVEbQuqX7O23n8UywmksrhfkARNlhfsVLTrnlwM2PX9_cTaOm8cRYpBKrGKJqkYHkMAFEdy4HLgMaJwELV0ifOKHmAPAH63ygGZFQGBWAcUqlBxqL16xzfK6DIcs0uClD9yDMsS_lqTcaW8ytEVEnshM95hqJWKhYQ6nByzmtnURu7KtJC1J0taS7LF-125Zc2c82sK0ArcPToFFBf9o28tuh7rhiDwbSFnaghKLNSxUH1eX4z5SDo9sblJvhQmplTpk1gD2nHOhhU9D5gP02KDb9Scu5_V_LOcN26EchT0O1RHbXN3chmO0f1bZSXXAT9jW6MOn8QTT6eTr6PsfjQAG2w |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwEB6VclhAQlBALK_mwDXdXT_i-IgqqgXacqCV9oIsZ-xAqt10VbZCXPjtzOTFckBF4pLEThzbY2u-GWnmM8Brk1vEOPXkllifKi3KtMBSpSrPyH32pgwNz-zJaTY_V-8XerEDh30uDIdVdrq_1emNtu5qJp00J-uq4hxfYUm_EoRJwjWxuAW3qS_DHtjBz99xHlk2lX2cB3--lSZ8cUAY4etYfyFHUXClyZX8G0KN6itsIrEIw0bX9dr_-O6Xyy00OnoA9zszMnnTjvQh7MR6D-5ukQvuwb2P3GvHSP0I9j99rdYJDWN1ueIQmKSo_LdkNUS_PIbzo7dnh_O0Ox0hRaXlJlWka0xEhUIyw40vUahI1kk0ymcyZGFGJUR6MLqMZFdEQmYdSa5Sq5kJ8gns1pd1fAqJwaBCFAG1ZQK2LBfeBFuQMSLLTBVmDLqXiMOOOpxPsFi6PkbswvWSdCxJ10pyDJOh3bolz7ixhe0F7v7YBo40_I1tPw8rNHTH7NnI2tJVfHP0hcPm4tt6Wkcu0Z4tbR6ctDF3ysTCWaQ_l0IaGfJYhIhjmA6r_o_TefYf09mH0fzs5Ngdvzv98Bzu8BvOgZzpF7C7ubqOL8kY2hSvms3-C1SuBsA |
| linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3dT9RAEJ_I8QCYqIDGE9Q--Frgurvd7SMxEEIikOAl-EA229kpnN71LnAXo3-9s_3KaTTgS9vddLbd2el8pDO_BfigTYZIB47DkszFUiVFnGMhY2lSDp-dLnyFM_vpLD0ZytMrddUEiqEW5rf_91UeFqtxV1J5w7FcEjq1kWIFVlPFvncPVodnF4df2jwOVrdV7ZvRgiMsZZZKgv8-0L-s0Vp5h1XWFdurtUU5cz--u_F4yfIcP4fz9p3rhJNve4t5voc__4BzfPykXsCzxgmNDmup2YQnVG7BxhI04RY8PQ-0DZ71Nry_vB3NIh5sMp2EBJooH7n7aNLlzryE4fHR548ncbO3QoxSiXksWVNpQomJCPg4rsBEEvs2pKVLhU_9gFuIfKFVQeyVENt1RUheKDnQXryCXjkt6TVEGr30lHhUWYBvS03itM9ydmVEkcpc90G1PLbYAI-H_S_Gts0w-2pbftjAD1vzow_7Hd2sht54kCJrl9A2DkTtGFhegQdpr7s17x4XsLcx6Fo7CifLd1isDq7uZ8kILZb4IjPeioyMlZpymyGPXCRCC28o94R9OOjk6JHTefP_JDuwHlqhWHKgdqE3v1vQW_aa5vm75lP5BTsqEbM |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ship+anemometer+bias+management&rft.jtitle=Ocean+engineering&rft.au=Thornhill%2C+Eric&rft.au=Wall%2C+Alanna&rft.au=McTavish%2C+Sean&rft.au=Lee%2C+Richard&rft.date=2020-11-15&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.issn=0029-8018&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.oceaneng.2020.107843&rft.externalDocID=oai_cisti_icist_nrc_cnrc_ca_cistinparc_c789f98d_39e8_47eb_9c20_f2373d8ebdec |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0029-8018&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0029-8018&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0029-8018&client=summon |