The epidemiology of hyperprolactinaemia over 20 years in the Tayside region of Scotland: the Prolactin Epidemiology, Audit and Research Study (PROLEARS)
Summary Objective To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its epidemiology has not been accurately established. Study design A population‐based retrospective follow‐up study in Tayside, Scotland (population 4...
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| Published in | Clinical endocrinology (Oxford) Vol. 86; no. 1; pp. 60 - 67 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.01.2017
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| ISSN | 0300-0664 1365-2265 1365-2265 |
| DOI | 10.1111/cen.13156 |
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| Abstract | Summary
Objective
To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its epidemiology has not been accurately established.
Study design
A population‐based retrospective follow‐up study in Tayside, Scotland (population 400,000), from 1993 to 2013.
Patients
Record linkage technology (biochemistry, prescribing, hospital admissions, radiology, mortality and maternity data) was used to identify all patients with a serum prolactin measurement. From these, cases were defined as those with a prolactin greater than 1000 mU/L (47·2 ng/ml) or at least three prescriptions for a dopamine agonist.
Measurements
Number of prevalent and incident cases of hyperprolactinaemia per calendar year by age, sex and cause of hyperprolactinaemia.
Results
A total of 32289 patients had a serum prolactin assay undertaken, of which 1301 had hyperprolactinaemia not related to pregnancy: 25·6% patients had pituitary disorder, 45·9% were drug‐induced, 7·5% had macroprolactin and 6·1% had hypothyroidism, leaving 15·0% idiopathic. Over the 20 years, there was a fourfold increase in the number of prolactin assays performed, and prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia was initially 0·02%, but rose to 0·23% by 2013. Overall incidence was 13·8 cases per 100000 person‐years (20·6 in 2008–13) and was 3·5 times higher in women than in men. The highest rates were found in women aged 25–44 years. Drug‐induced causes tripled during the 20 years.
Conclusions
Rising prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia is probably due to an increased ascertainment and increased incidence of psychoactive drug‐related causes. Rates are higher in women than in men but only before the age of 65 years. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Summary
Objective
To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its epidemiology has not been accurately established.
Study design
A population‐based retrospective follow‐up study in Tayside, Scotland (population 400,000), from 1993 to 2013.
Patients
Record linkage technology (biochemistry, prescribing, hospital admissions, radiology, mortality and maternity data) was used to identify all patients with a serum prolactin measurement. From these, cases were defined as those with a prolactin greater than 1000 mU/L (47·2 ng/ml) or at least three prescriptions for a dopamine agonist.
Measurements
Number of prevalent and incident cases of hyperprolactinaemia per calendar year by age, sex and cause of hyperprolactinaemia.
Results
A total of 32289 patients had a serum prolactin assay undertaken, of which 1301 had hyperprolactinaemia not related to pregnancy: 25·6% patients had pituitary disorder, 45·9% were drug‐induced, 7·5% had macroprolactin and 6·1% had hypothyroidism, leaving 15·0% idiopathic. Over the 20 years, there was a fourfold increase in the number of prolactin assays performed, and prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia was initially 0·02%, but rose to 0·23% by 2013. Overall incidence was 13·8 cases per 100000 person‐years (20·6 in 2008–13) and was 3·5 times higher in women than in men. The highest rates were found in women aged 25–44 years. Drug‐induced causes tripled during the 20 years.
Conclusions
Rising prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia is probably due to an increased ascertainment and increased incidence of psychoactive drug‐related causes. Rates are higher in women than in men but only before the age of 65 years. To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its epidemiology has not been accurately established.OBJECTIVETo estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its epidemiology has not been accurately established.A population-based retrospective follow-up study in Tayside, Scotland (population 400,000), from 1993 to 2013.STUDY DESIGNA population-based retrospective follow-up study in Tayside, Scotland (population 400,000), from 1993 to 2013.Record linkage technology (biochemistry, prescribing, hospital admissions, radiology, mortality and maternity data) was used to identify all patients with a serum prolactin measurement. From these, cases were defined as those with a prolactin greater than 1000 mU/L (47·2 ng/ml) or at least three prescriptions for a dopamine agonist.PATIENTSRecord linkage technology (biochemistry, prescribing, hospital admissions, radiology, mortality and maternity data) was used to identify all patients with a serum prolactin measurement. From these, cases were defined as those with a prolactin greater than 1000 mU/L (47·2 ng/ml) or at least three prescriptions for a dopamine agonist.Number of prevalent and incident cases of hyperprolactinaemia per calendar year by age, sex and cause of hyperprolactinaemia.MEASUREMENTSNumber of prevalent and incident cases of hyperprolactinaemia per calendar year by age, sex and cause of hyperprolactinaemia.A total of 32289 patients had a serum prolactin assay undertaken, of which 1301 had hyperprolactinaemia not related to pregnancy: 25·6% patients had pituitary disorder, 45·9% were drug-induced, 7·5% had macroprolactin and 6·1% had hypothyroidism, leaving 15·0% idiopathic. Over the 20 years, there was a fourfold increase in the number of prolactin assays performed, and prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia was initially 0·02%, but rose to 0·23% by 2013. Overall incidence was 13·8 cases per 100000 person-years (20·6 in 2008-13) and was 3·5 times higher in women than in men. The highest rates were found in women aged 25-44 years. Drug-induced causes tripled during the 20 years.RESULTSA total of 32289 patients had a serum prolactin assay undertaken, of which 1301 had hyperprolactinaemia not related to pregnancy: 25·6% patients had pituitary disorder, 45·9% were drug-induced, 7·5% had macroprolactin and 6·1% had hypothyroidism, leaving 15·0% idiopathic. Over the 20 years, there was a fourfold increase in the number of prolactin assays performed, and prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia was initially 0·02%, but rose to 0·23% by 2013. Overall incidence was 13·8 cases per 100000 person-years (20·6 in 2008-13) and was 3·5 times higher in women than in men. The highest rates were found in women aged 25-44 years. Drug-induced causes tripled during the 20 years.Rising prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia is probably due to an increased ascertainment and increased incidence of psychoactive drug-related causes. Rates are higher in women than in men but only before the age of 65 years.CONCLUSIONSRising prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia is probably due to an increased ascertainment and increased incidence of psychoactive drug-related causes. Rates are higher in women than in men but only before the age of 65 years. Objective To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its epidemiology has not been accurately established. Study design A population-based retrospective follow-up study in Tayside, Scotland (population 400,000), from 1993 to 2013. Patients Record linkage technology (biochemistry, prescribing, hospital admissions, radiology, mortality and maternity data) was used to identify all patients with a serum prolactin measurement. From these, cases were defined as those with a prolactin greater than 1000 mU/L (47.2 ng/ml) or at least three prescriptions for a dopamine agonist. Measurements Number of prevalent and incident cases of hyperprolactinaemia per calendar year by age, sex and cause of hyperprolactinaemia. Results A total of 32289 patients had a serum prolactin assay undertaken, of which 1301 had hyperprolactinaemia not related to pregnancy: 25.6% patients had pituitary disorder, 45.9% were drug-induced, 7.5% had macroprolactin and 6.1% had hypothyroidism, leaving 15.0% idiopathic. Over the 20 years, there was a fourfold increase in the number of prolactin assays performed, and prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia was initially 0.02%, but rose to 0.23% by 2013. Overall incidence was 13.8 cases per 100000 person-years (20.6 in 2008-13) and was 3.5 times higher in women than in men. The highest rates were found in women aged 25-44 years. Drug-induced causes tripled during the 20 years. Conclusions Rising prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia is probably due to an increased ascertainment and increased incidence of psychoactive drug-related causes. Rates are higher in women than in men but only before the age of 65 years. To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its epidemiology has not been accurately established. A population-based retrospective follow-up study in Tayside, Scotland (population 400,000), from 1993 to 2013. Record linkage technology (biochemistry, prescribing, hospital admissions, radiology, mortality and maternity data) was used to identify all patients with a serum prolactin measurement. From these, cases were defined as those with a prolactin greater than 1000 mU/L (47·2 ng/ml) or at least three prescriptions for a dopamine agonist. Number of prevalent and incident cases of hyperprolactinaemia per calendar year by age, sex and cause of hyperprolactinaemia. A total of 32289 patients had a serum prolactin assay undertaken, of which 1301 had hyperprolactinaemia not related to pregnancy: 25·6% patients had pituitary disorder, 45·9% were drug-induced, 7·5% had macroprolactin and 6·1% had hypothyroidism, leaving 15·0% idiopathic. Over the 20 years, there was a fourfold increase in the number of prolactin assays performed, and prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia was initially 0·02%, but rose to 0·23% by 2013. Overall incidence was 13·8 cases per 100000 person-years (20·6 in 2008-13) and was 3·5 times higher in women than in men. The highest rates were found in women aged 25-44 years. Drug-induced causes tripled during the 20 years. Rising prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia is probably due to an increased ascertainment and increased incidence of psychoactive drug-related causes. Rates are higher in women than in men but only before the age of 65 years. Summary Objective To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its epidemiology has not been accurately established. Study design A population-based retrospective follow-up study in Tayside, Scotland (population 400,000), from 1993 to 2013. Patients Record linkage technology (biochemistry, prescribing, hospital admissions, radiology, mortality and maternity data) was used to identify all patients with a serum prolactin measurement. From these, cases were defined as those with a prolactin greater than 1000 mU/L (47·2 ng/ml) or at least three prescriptions for a dopamine agonist. Measurements Number of prevalent and incident cases of hyperprolactinaemia per calendar year by age, sex and cause of hyperprolactinaemia. Results A total of 32289 patients had a serum prolactin assay undertaken, of which 1301 had hyperprolactinaemia not related to pregnancy: 25·6% patients had pituitary disorder, 45·9% were drug-induced, 7·5% had macroprolactin and 6·1% had hypothyroidism, leaving 15·0% idiopathic. Over the 20 years, there was a fourfold increase in the number of prolactin assays performed, and prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia was initially 0·02%, but rose to 0·23% by 2013. Overall incidence was 13·8 cases per 100000 person-years (20·6 in 2008-13) and was 3·5 times higher in women than in men. The highest rates were found in women aged 25-44 years. Drug-induced causes tripled during the 20 years. Conclusions Rising prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia is probably due to an increased ascertainment and increased incidence of psychoactive drug-related causes. Rates are higher in women than in men but only before the age of 65 years. |
| Author | Newey, Paul J. Leese, Graham P. Greig, Neil Soto‐Pedre, Enrique Bevan, John S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Enrique surname: Soto‐Pedre fullname: Soto‐Pedre, Enrique email: e.soto@dundee.ac.uk organization: University of Dundee – sequence: 2 givenname: Paul J. surname: Newey fullname: Newey, Paul J. organization: University of Dundee – sequence: 3 givenname: John S. surname: Bevan fullname: Bevan, John S. organization: University of Aberdeen – sequence: 4 givenname: Neil surname: Greig fullname: Greig, Neil organization: University of Dundee – sequence: 5 givenname: Graham P. surname: Leese fullname: Leese, Graham P. organization: University of Dundee |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27434534$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its... To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its epidemiology has not... Summary Objective To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its... Objective To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hyperprolactinaemia. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its epidemiology... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Female Humans Hyperprolactinemia - chemically induced Hyperprolactinemia - epidemiology Incidence Male Middle Aged Prevalence Retrospective Studies Scotland - epidemiology Young Adult |
| Title | The epidemiology of hyperprolactinaemia over 20 years in the Tayside region of Scotland: the Prolactin Epidemiology, Audit and Research Study (PROLEARS) |
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