A serial model of the interrelationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, and psychological distress among teachers in South Africa

The current study examined the serial relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and psychological distress among school teachers. Participants were South African school teachers (n=355) who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Fear...

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Published inAnnales médico psychologiques Vol. 180; no. 1; pp. 23 - 28
Main Authors Padmanabhanunni, Anita, Pretorius, Tyrone B., Stiegler, Nancy, Bouchard, Jean-Pierre
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published France Elsevier Masson SAS 01.01.2022
The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0003-4487
1769-6631
1769-6631
0003-4487
DOI10.1016/j.amp.2021.11.007

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Abstract The current study examined the serial relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and psychological distress among school teachers. Participants were South African school teachers (n=355) who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale. A path analysis confirmed that teachers who appraised themselves as more susceptible to disease, experienced heightened levels of fear of COVID-19, which led to heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Specifically, germ aversion and perceived infectability were separately associated with heightened fear of COVID-19, which in turn was associated with heightened anxiety. This serial relationship was associated with heightened levels of hopelessness and depression. The current study extends research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among a distinct subgroup of the population. La présente étude examine la relation entre la vulnérabilité perçue face à la maladie, la peur de la COVID-19, l’anxiété et la détresse psychologique chez les enseignants. Les participants étaient des enseignants d’école, en Afrique du Sud (n=355). Ces enseignants ont rempli un questionnaire sur la vulnérabilité perçue face à la maladie, l’échelle de la peur de la COVID-19, l’échelle des traits du « State-Trait Anxiety Inventory », l’échelle de désespoir de Beck et l’échelle du « Center for Epidemiological Depression ». La pandémie de la COVID-19 a eu un impact sur les établissements d’enseignement dans le monde et a conduit de nombreux pays à fermer des écoles pour réduire la transmission du virus. La fermeture des écoles a précipité une transition imprévue et sans précédent de l’enseignement traditionnel en classe à l’enseignement à distance d’urgence et a changé le travail des enseignants à bien des égards. Les enseignants ont dû apprendre rapidement à utiliser les outils numériques, adapter le contenu académique à un format de diffusion en ligne et aider les élèves et les parents à négocier la transition vers l’apprentissage à distance. Dans le même temps, les enseignants devaient également gérer l’impact de la pandémie sur leur propre vie, notamment en fournissant un enseignement à domicile à leurs propres enfants et en s’occupant des membres vulnérables du ménage. Ces multiples facteurs de stress ont été associés à des niveaux accrus de détresse psychologique, y compris la dépression et l’anxiété, chez les enseignants. L’analyse du parcours, basée sur ces différentes échelles, a confirmé que les enseignants qui se considéraient comme plus sensibles à la maladie éprouvaient des niveaux accrus de peur de la COVID-19, ce qui entraînait des niveaux accrus d’anxiété, de dépression et de désespoir. Plus précisément, l’aversion aux microbes et aux virus et la propension perçue à être infecté étaient séparément associées à une peur accrue de la COVID-19, qui, à son tour, était associée à une anxiété accrue. Cette relation séquentielle est, en outre, associée à des niveaux accrus de désespoir et de dépression. La présente étude étend les recherches sur l’impact de la pandémie de la COVID-19 sur un sous-groupe distinct de la population.
AbstractList The current study examined the serial relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and psychological distress among school teachers. Participants were South African school teachers (n = 355) who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale. A path analysis confirmed that teachers who appraised themselves as more susceptible to disease, experienced heightened levels of fear of COVID-19, which led to heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Specifically, germ aversion and perceived infectability were separately associated with heightened fear of COVID-19, which in turn was associated with heightened anxiety. This serial relationship was associated with heightened levels of hopelessness and depression. The current study extends research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among a distinct subgroup of the population.The current study examined the serial relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and psychological distress among school teachers. Participants were South African school teachers (n = 355) who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale. A path analysis confirmed that teachers who appraised themselves as more susceptible to disease, experienced heightened levels of fear of COVID-19, which led to heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Specifically, germ aversion and perceived infectability were separately associated with heightened fear of COVID-19, which in turn was associated with heightened anxiety. This serial relationship was associated with heightened levels of hopelessness and depression. The current study extends research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among a distinct subgroup of the population.
The current study examined the serial relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and psychological distress among school teachers. Participants were South African school teachers (n=355) who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale. A path analysis confirmed that teachers who appraised themselves as more susceptible to disease, experienced heightened levels of fear of COVID-19, which led to heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Specifically, germ aversion and perceived infectability were separately associated with heightened fear of COVID-19, which in turn was associated with heightened anxiety. This serial relationship was associated with heightened levels of hopelessness and depression. The current study extends research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among a distinct subgroup of the population. La présente étude examine la relation entre la vulnérabilité perçue face à la maladie, la peur de la COVID-19, l’anxiété et la détresse psychologique chez les enseignants. Les participants étaient des enseignants d’école, en Afrique du Sud (n=355). Ces enseignants ont rempli un questionnaire sur la vulnérabilité perçue face à la maladie, l’échelle de la peur de la COVID-19, l’échelle des traits du « State-Trait Anxiety Inventory », l’échelle de désespoir de Beck et l’échelle du « Center for Epidemiological Depression ». La pandémie de la COVID-19 a eu un impact sur les établissements d’enseignement dans le monde et a conduit de nombreux pays à fermer des écoles pour réduire la transmission du virus. La fermeture des écoles a précipité une transition imprévue et sans précédent de l’enseignement traditionnel en classe à l’enseignement à distance d’urgence et a changé le travail des enseignants à bien des égards. Les enseignants ont dû apprendre rapidement à utiliser les outils numériques, adapter le contenu académique à un format de diffusion en ligne et aider les élèves et les parents à négocier la transition vers l’apprentissage à distance. Dans le même temps, les enseignants devaient également gérer l’impact de la pandémie sur leur propre vie, notamment en fournissant un enseignement à domicile à leurs propres enfants et en s’occupant des membres vulnérables du ménage. Ces multiples facteurs de stress ont été associés à des niveaux accrus de détresse psychologique, y compris la dépression et l’anxiété, chez les enseignants. L’analyse du parcours, basée sur ces différentes échelles, a confirmé que les enseignants qui se considéraient comme plus sensibles à la maladie éprouvaient des niveaux accrus de peur de la COVID-19, ce qui entraînait des niveaux accrus d’anxiété, de dépression et de désespoir. Plus précisément, l’aversion aux microbes et aux virus et la propension perçue à être infecté étaient séparément associées à une peur accrue de la COVID-19, qui, à son tour, était associée à une anxiété accrue. Cette relation séquentielle est, en outre, associée à des niveaux accrus de désespoir et de dépression. La présente étude étend les recherches sur l’impact de la pandémie de la COVID-19 sur un sous-groupe distinct de la population.
The current study examined the serial relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and psychological distress among school teachers. Participants were South African school teachers (n = 355) who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale. A path analysis confirmed that teachers who appraised themselves as more susceptible to disease, experienced heightened levels of fear of COVID-19, which led to heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Specifically, germ aversion and perceived infectability were separately associated with heightened fear of COVID-19, which in turn was associated with heightened anxiety. This serial relationship was associated with heightened levels of hopelessness and depression. The current study extends research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among a distinct subgroup of the population.
The current study examined the serial relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and psychological distress among school teachers. Participants were South African school teachers (  = 355) who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale. A path analysis confirmed that teachers who appraised themselves as more susceptible to disease, experienced heightened levels of fear of COVID-19, which led to heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Specifically, germ aversion and perceived infectability were separately associated with heightened fear of COVID-19, which in turn was associated with heightened anxiety. This serial relationship was associated with heightened levels of hopelessness and depression. The current study extends research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among a distinct subgroup of the population.
Author Bouchard, Jean-Pierre
Stiegler, Nancy
Pretorius, Tyrone B.
Padmanabhanunni, Anita
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Issue 1
Keywords Germ aversion
Perceived vulnerability to disease
Teachers
Aversion aux microbes et virus
Enseignants
Anxiété
Anxiety
Fear of COVID-19
Peur de la COVID-19
Vulnérabilité perçue face à la maladie
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
2021 The Authors.
Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
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SubjectTerms Anxiety
Anxiété
Aversion aux microbes et virus
Enseignants
Fear of COVID-19
Germ aversion
Original
Perceived vulnerability to disease
Peur de la COVID-19
Teachers
Vulnérabilité perçue face à la maladie
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Title A serial model of the interrelationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, and psychological distress among teachers in South Africa
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