A Brief Up-Date of the Use of Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder

The treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with sodium oxybate (SMO) or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was introduced in Italy and Austria more than 20 years and 15 years ago, respectively, and it is now widely employed to treat alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and to maintain alcohol abstinence....

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Published inInternational journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 13; no. 3; pp. 290 - 1
Main Authors Caputo, Fabio, Vignoli, Teo, Tarli, Claudia, Domenicali, Marco, Zoli, Giorgio, Bernardi, Mauro, Addolorato, Giovanni
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 05.03.2016
MDPI
Subjects
Addictions
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alcohol Drinking - drug therapy
Alcohol use
Alcohol-Related Disorders - drug therapy
Alcoholism
Alcoholism - drug therapy
Anesthesia
Austria
Borderline personality disorder
Clinical trials
Dopamine
FDA approval
Female
Humans
Hydroxybutyrates - therapeutic use
Internal medicine
Italy
Male
Middle Aged
Review
Sleep disorders
Sodium
Sodium Oxybate - therapeutic use
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - drug therapy
Urine
Young Adult
Italy
MED, Italy
Austria
sodium oxybate
alcohol use disorder
pharmacological treatment
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI10.3390/ijerph13030290

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Abstract The treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with sodium oxybate (SMO) or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was introduced in Italy and Austria more than 20 years and 15 years ago, respectively, and it is now widely employed to treat alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and to maintain alcohol abstinence. These indications derive from its similar structure to the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), exerting an ethanol-mimicking effect, because it binds to GABAB receptors. Craving for, and abuse of, SMO remain a controversial issue; even though these unfavorable effects are evident in poly-drug addicted patients and in those with psychiatric diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. In addition, despite cases of severe intoxication and deaths being widely documented when GHB is used as “street drug”; its clinical use remains safe. Thus, the aim of the present review is to examine the role of SMO in the treatment of AUD, its possible implications in reducing alcohol consumption, and cases of abuse, and severe intoxication due to SMO during its clinical use in the treatment of AUD.
AbstractList The treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with sodium oxybate (SMO) or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was introduced in Italy and Austria more than 20 years and 15 years ago, respectively, and it is now widely employed to treat alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and to maintain alcohol abstinence. These indications derive from its similar structure to the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), exerting an ethanol-mimicking effect, because it binds to GABA B receptors. Craving for, and abuse of, SMO remain a controversial issue; even though these unfavorable effects are evident in poly-drug addicted patients and in those with psychiatric diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. In addition, despite cases of severe intoxication and deaths being widely documented when GHB is used as “street drug”; its clinical use remains safe. Thus, the aim of the present review is to examine the role of SMO in the treatment of AUD, its possible implications in reducing alcohol consumption, and cases of abuse, and severe intoxication due to SMO during its clinical use in the treatment of AUD.
The treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with sodium oxybate (SMO) or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was introduced in Italy and Austria more than 20 years and 15 years ago, respectively, and it is now widely employed to treat alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and to maintain alcohol abstinence. These indications derive from its similar structure to the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), exerting an ethanol-mimicking effect, because it binds to GABAB receptors. Craving for, and abuse of, SMO remain a controversial issue; even though these unfavorable effects are evident in poly-drug addicted patients and in those with psychiatric diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. In addition, despite cases of severe intoxication and deaths being widely documented when GHB is used as “street drug”; its clinical use remains safe. Thus, the aim of the present review is to examine the role of SMO in the treatment of AUD, its possible implications in reducing alcohol consumption, and cases of abuse, and severe intoxication due to SMO during its clinical use in the treatment of AUD.
The treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with sodium oxybate (SMO) or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was introduced in Italy and Austria more than 20 years and 15 years ago, respectively, and it is now widely employed to treat alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and to maintain alcohol abstinence. These indications derive from its similar structure to the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), exerting an ethanol-mimicking effect, because it binds to GABAB receptors. Craving for, and abuse of, SMO remain a controversial issue; even though these unfavorable effects are evident in poly-drug addicted patients and in those with psychiatric diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. In addition, despite cases of severe intoxication and deaths being widely documented when GHB is used as "street drug"; its clinical use remains safe. Thus, the aim of the present review is to examine the role of SMO in the treatment of AUD, its possible implications in reducing alcohol consumption, and cases of abuse, and severe intoxication due to SMO during its clinical use in the treatment of AUD.The treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with sodium oxybate (SMO) or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was introduced in Italy and Austria more than 20 years and 15 years ago, respectively, and it is now widely employed to treat alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and to maintain alcohol abstinence. These indications derive from its similar structure to the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), exerting an ethanol-mimicking effect, because it binds to GABAB receptors. Craving for, and abuse of, SMO remain a controversial issue; even though these unfavorable effects are evident in poly-drug addicted patients and in those with psychiatric diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. In addition, despite cases of severe intoxication and deaths being widely documented when GHB is used as "street drug"; its clinical use remains safe. Thus, the aim of the present review is to examine the role of SMO in the treatment of AUD, its possible implications in reducing alcohol consumption, and cases of abuse, and severe intoxication due to SMO during its clinical use in the treatment of AUD.
The treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with sodium oxybate (SMO) or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was introduced in Italy and Austria more than 20 years and 15 years ago, respectively, and it is now widely employed to treat alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and to maintain alcohol abstinence. These indications derive from its similar structure to the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma -amino-butyric acid (GABA), exerting an ethanol-mimicking effect, because it binds to GABAB receptors. Craving for, and abuse of, SMO remain a controversial issue; even though these unfavorable effects are evident in poly-drug addicted patients and in those with psychiatric diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. In addition, despite cases of severe intoxication and deaths being widely documented when GHB is used as "street drug"; its clinical use remains safe. Thus, the aim of the present review is to examine the role of SMO in the treatment of AUD, its possible implications in reducing alcohol consumption, and cases of abuse, and severe intoxication due to SMO during its clinical use in the treatment of AUD.
Author Zoli, Giorgio
Vignoli, Teo
Domenicali, Marco
Caputo, Fabio
Tarli, Claudia
Addolorato, Giovanni
Bernardi, Mauro
AuthorAffiliation 2 “G. Fontana” Centre for the Study and Multidisciplinary Treatment of Alcohol Addiction, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40130, Italy; m.domenicali@unibo.it (M.D.); mauro.bernardi@unibo.it (M.B.)
1 Department of Internal Medicine, SS Annunziata Hospital, Cento, Ferrara 44042, Italy; g.zoli@ausl.fe.it
3 Unit for Addiction Treatment, Department of Mental Health, Lugo, Ravenna 48022, Italy; teo.vignoli@ausl.ra.it
4 Alcohol Use Disorders Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Rome 00168, Italy; claudia.tarli@gmail.com (C.T.); giovanni.addolorato@unicatt.it (G.A.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Unit for Addiction Treatment, Department of Mental Health, Lugo, Ravenna 48022, Italy; teo.vignoli@ausl.ra.it
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– name: 2 “G. Fontana” Centre for the Study and Multidisciplinary Treatment of Alcohol Addiction, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40130, Italy; m.domenicali@unibo.it (M.D.); mauro.bernardi@unibo.it (M.B.)
– name: 4 Alcohol Use Disorders Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Rome 00168, Italy; claudia.tarli@gmail.com (C.T.); giovanni.addolorato@unicatt.it (G.A.)
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Keywords sodium oxybate
alcohol use disorder
pharmacological treatment
Language English
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Snippet The treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with sodium oxybate (SMO) or gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was introduced in Italy and Austria more than 20 years...
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StartPage 290
SubjectTerms Addictions
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alcohol Drinking - drug therapy
Alcohol use
Alcohol-Related Disorders - drug therapy
Alcoholism
Alcoholism - drug therapy
Anesthesia
Austria
Borderline personality disorder
Clinical trials
Dopamine
FDA approval
Female
Humans
Hydroxybutyrates - therapeutic use
Internal medicine
Italy
Male
Middle Aged
Review
Sleep disorders
Sodium
Sodium Oxybate - therapeutic use
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - drug therapy
Urine
Young Adult
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Title A Brief Up-Date of the Use of Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder
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