Overfeeding Over 24 Hours Does Not Activate Brown Adipose Tissue in Humans

• Published in: The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 98; no. 12; pp. E1956 - E1960
• Main Authors: Schlögl, Mathias, Piaggi, Paolo, Thiyyagura, Pradeep, Reiman, Eric M., Chen, Kewei, Lutrin, Calvin, Krakoff, Jonathan, Thearle, Marie S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Oxford University Press 01.12.2013; Copyright by The Endocrine Society; Endocrine Society
• Subjects: Adipose tissue (brown); Adipose Tissue, Brown - diagnostic imaging; Adipose Tissue, Brown - metabolism; Adipose Tissue, Brown - pathology; Adiposity; Adult; Body composition; Body fat; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Cold Temperature - adverse effects; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; Energy balance; Fasting; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 - metabolism; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hyperphagia - physiopathology; JCEM Online: Brief Reports; Male; Overweight - diagnostic imaging; Overweight - etiology; Overweight - metabolism; Overweight - pathology; Positron emission tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals - metabolism; Time Factors; Weight Gain
• ISSN: 0021-972X; 1945-7197; 1945-7197
• DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2387

Context:Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated with cold exposure, but it is unknown whether overfeeding activates BAT.Objective:We determined BAT activation with cold, fasting, and overfeeding and the relationship of BAT activation with future weight change.Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions:Sixteen healthy adults were evaluated during energy balance, fasting, and 24 hours of 200% overfeeding. All subjects had a fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) scan after exposure to 16°C to determine cold-induced BAT activity (CIBA). The first six subjects had a second PET scan after 36 hours of fasting to establish the lack of BAT activation at 22°C. The other subjects' second PET scan occurred after 24 hours of overfeeding at 22°C but only if they demonstrated CIBA. Twelve subjects returned at 6 months for reassessment of body composition.Main Outcome Measures:BAT was defined in cool scans as voxels with a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 2.0 or greater and Hounsfield units between −250 and −10. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Results:Although 75% of the subjects demonstrated visible CIBA, none had visual BAT activity after overfeeding. CIBA was greater than that observed in the same defined BAT voxels after fasting (n = 6; 2.9 ± 0.5 vs 1.2 ± 0.2; Δ = −1.7; 95% confidence interval −2.4, −1.0 SUV; P < .01). In the second cohort, CIBA was also higher than observed BAT voxel activity after 24 hours overfeeding (n = 8; 3.5 ± 0.7 vs 0.9 ± 0.2; Δ = −2.6; 95% confidence interval −3.2, −1.9 SUV; P < .01). Baseline CIBA negatively correlated with changes in fat mass after 6 months (r = −0.72, P = .009).Conclusions:BAT may be important in weight regulation unrelated to the response to overeating.