Machine learning for workpiece mass prediction using real and synthetic acoustic data

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 19534 - 12
• Main Authors: Whittaker, D. S., Gregório, J., Byrne, T. F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Nature Publishing Group 04.06.2025; Nature Publishing Group UK; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: Acoustic spectra; Acoustics; Algorithms; Datasets; Machine learning; Machine learning (ML); Manufacturing; Manufacturing industry; Neural network; Neural networks; Spectrum analysis; Synthetic data; Waste management; Acoustic spectra; Machine learning (ML); Manufacturing; Neural network; Synthetic data
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-03018-3

We apply a feedforward neural network using supervised learning to sound recordings obtained without specialised equipment as workpieces undergo a simple manufacturing process to predict their mass. We also report a simple technique to seed synthetic from real data for training and testing the algorithm. Work was performed in the frequency domain, with spectrally-resolved magnitudes fed as variables (or features) to the network. The mean absolute percentage deviation when predicting the mass of each of thirty-two workpieces of different material composition considering just real data was 19.2%. This fell to 8.7%, however, when the exercise was repeated making use of a significantly greater amount of these synthetic data to train and test it. Fractional uncertainty in measured mass is of the order of 10 , and so this serves well as a general proxy to test our approach. It could find application when data to augment algorithm performance must be obtained robustly, relatively quickly and without much computational effort in the wider context of waste minimisation and green manufacturing.