High-energy synchrotron x-ray study of deformation-induced martensitic transformation in a neutron-irradiated Type 316 stainless steel
An unusual tensile deformation behaviour in the form of a propagating band along the sample gauge was observed in two neutron-irradiated 316 stainless steel samples during room-temperature tests, leading to a combination of high strength and high ductility. These bands were not observed in an unirra...
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| Published in | Acta materialia Vol. 200; pp. 315 - 327 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Elsevier Ltd
01.11.2020
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1359-6454 1873-2453 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.actamat.2020.08.057 |
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| Abstract | An unusual tensile deformation behaviour in the form of a propagating band along the sample gauge was observed in two neutron-irradiated 316 stainless steel samples during room-temperature tests, leading to a combination of high strength and high ductility. These bands were not observed in an unirradiated counterpart. With the help of in situ high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction, the phase-specific crystal information was tracked at different deformation levels in each sample. Post-irradiation and post-deformation samples were examined using electron microscopy to characterize various microstructural features. All samples displayed a deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation, which was identified as a second strain-hardening mechanism accompanying the dislocation hardening. The deformation-induced martensitic transformation was rationalized by the effect of applied stress on the effective martensite start temperature. The results showed that the irradiation did not alter the dislocation hardening and the martensitic transformation mechanisms, but the increased yield strength in irradiated materials facilitated the localized phase transformation at the onset of plastic deformation, in contrast to the unirradiated material which required pre-straining. The hardening effect of the martensitic transformation reduced the tendency towards necking and mitigated the loss of ductility in the irradiated material by carrying the deformation in the form of a propagating band. Despite the beneficial effect from the martensitic transformation, this study indicates that this mechanism cannot not be activated at typical operating temperatures of nuclear reactors.
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| AbstractList | An unusual tensile deformation behaviour in the form of a propagating band along the sample gauge was observed in two neutron-irradiated 316 stainless steel samples during room-temperature tests, leading to a combination of high strength and high ductility. These bands were not observed in an unirradiated counterpart. With the help of in situ high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction, the phase-specific crystal information was tracked at different deformation levels in each sample. Post-irradiation and post-deformation samples were examined using electron microscopy to characterize various microstructural features. All samples displayed a deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation, which was identified as a second strain-hardening mechanism accompanying the dislocation hardening. The deformation-induced martensitic transformation was rationalized by the effect of applied stress on the effective martensite start temperature. The results showed that the irradiation did not alter the dislocation hardening and the martensitic transformation mechanisms, but the increased yield strength in irradiated materials facilitated the localized phase transformation at the onset of plastic deformation, in contrast to the unirradiated material which required pre-straining. The hardening effect of the martensitic transformation reduced the tendency towards necking and mitigated the loss of ductility in the irradiated material by carrying the deformation in the form of a propagating band. Despite the beneficial effect from the martensitic transformation, this study indicates that this mechanism cannot not be activated at typical operating temperatures of nuclear reactors.
[Display omitted] An unusual tensile deformation behaviour in the form of a propagating band along the sample gauge was observed in two neutron-irradiated 316 stainless steel samples during room-temperature tests, leading to a combination of high strength and high ductility. These bands were not observed in an unirradiated counterpart. With the help of in situ high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction, the phase-specific crystal information was tracked at different deformation levels in each sample. Post-irradiation and post-deformation samples were examined using electron microscopy to characterize various microstructural features. All samples displayed a deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation, which was identified as a second strain-hardening mechanism accompanying the dislocation hardening. The deformation-induced martensitic transformation was rationalized by the effect of applied stress on the effective martensite start temperature. The results showed that the irradiation did not alter the dislocation hardening and the martensitic transformation mechanisms, but the increased yield strength in irradiated materials facilitated the localized phase transformation at the onset of plastic deformation, in contrast to the unirradiated material which required pre-straining. The hardening effect of the martensitic transformation reduced the tendency towards necking and mitigated the loss of ductility in the irradiated material by carrying the deformation in the form of a propagating band. Despite the beneficial effect from the martensitic transformation, this study indicates that this mechanism cannot not be activated at typical operating temperatures of nuclear reactors. |
| Author | Li, Meimei Wu, Yaqiao Almer, Jonathan Zhang, Xuan Xu, Chi Park, Jun-Sang Chen, Wei-Ying Kenesei, Peter Burns, Jatuporn Chen, Yiren |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xuan surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xuan email: xuanzhang@anl.gov organization: Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont IL 60439, United States of America – sequence: 2 givenname: Chi surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Chi email: xuchi@bnu.edu.cn organization: Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont IL 60439, United States of America – sequence: 3 givenname: Yiren surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yiren email: yiren_chen@anl.gov organization: Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont IL 60439, United States of America – sequence: 4 givenname: Wei-Ying surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Wei-Ying email: wychen@anl.gov organization: Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont IL 60439, United States of America – sequence: 5 givenname: Jun-Sang surname: Park fullname: Park, Jun-Sang email: parkjs@anl.gov organization: X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont IL 60439, United States of America – sequence: 6 givenname: Peter surname: Kenesei fullname: Kenesei, Peter email: kenesei@anl.gov organization: X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont IL 60439, United States of America – sequence: 7 givenname: Jonathan surname: Almer fullname: Almer, Jonathan email: almer@anl.gov organization: X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont IL 60439, United States of America – sequence: 8 givenname: Jatuporn surname: Burns fullname: Burns, Jatuporn email: Jatuporn.Burns@inl.gov organization: Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States of America – sequence: 9 givenname: Yaqiao surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Yaqiao email: YaqiaoWu@boisestate.edu organization: Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States of America – sequence: 10 givenname: Meimei surname: Li fullname: Li, Meimei email: mli@anl.gov organization: Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont IL 60439, United States of America |
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| Keywords | Neutron irradiation Martensitic transformation In situ x-ray diffraction Tensile deformation Stainless steels |
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| Title | High-energy synchrotron x-ray study of deformation-induced martensitic transformation in a neutron-irradiated Type 316 stainless steel |
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