The vigilance regulation model of affective disorders and ADHD

According to the recently proposed vigilance model of affective disorders (vigilance in the sense of "brain arousal"), manic behaviour is partly interpreted as an autoregulatory attempt to stabilise vigilance by creating a stimulating environment, and the sensation avoidance and withdrawal...

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Published inNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews Vol. 44; pp. 45 - 57
Main Authors Hegerl, Ulrich, Hensch, Tilman
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.07.2014
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0149-7634
1873-7528
1873-7528
DOI10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.10.008

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Abstract According to the recently proposed vigilance model of affective disorders (vigilance in the sense of "brain arousal"), manic behaviour is partly interpreted as an autoregulatory attempt to stabilise vigilance by creating a stimulating environment, and the sensation avoidance and withdrawal in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is seen as an autoregulatory reaction to tonically increased vigilance. Indeed, using a newly developed EEG-based algorithm, hyperstable vigilance was found in MDD, and the contrary, with rapid drops to sleep stages, in mania. Furthermore, destabilising vigilance (e.g. by sleep deprivation) triggers (hypo)mania and improves depression, whereas stabilising vigilance, e.g. by prolonged sleep, improves mania. ADHD and mania have common symptoms, and the unstable vigilance might be a common pathophysiology. There is even evidence that psychostimulants might ameliorate both ADHD and mania. Hyperactivity of the noradrenergic system could explain both the high vigilance level in MDD and, as recently argued, anhedonia and behavioural inhibition. Interestingly, antidepressants and electroconvulsions decrease the firing rate of neurons in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, whereas many antimanic drugs have opposite effects.
AbstractList According to the recently proposed vigilance model of affective disorders (vigilance in the sense of "brain arousal"), manic behaviour is partly interpreted as an autoregulatory attempt to stabilise vigilance by creating a stimulating environment, and the sensation avoidance and withdrawal in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is seen as an autoregulatory reaction to tonically increased vigilance. Indeed, using a newly developed EEG-based algorithm, hyperstable vigilance was found in MDD, and the contrary, with rapid drops to sleep stages, in mania. Furthermore, destabilising vigilance (e.g. by sleep deprivation) triggers (hypo)mania and improves depression, whereas stabilising vigilance, e.g. by prolonged sleep, improves mania. ADHD and mania have common symptoms, and the unstable vigilance might be a common pathophysiology. There is even evidence that psychostimulants might ameliorate both ADHD and mania. Hyperactivity of the noradrenergic system could explain both the high vigilance level in MDD and, as recently argued, anhedonia and behavioural inhibition. Interestingly, antidepressants and electroconvulsions decrease the firing rate of neurons in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, whereas many antimanic drugs have opposite effects.According to the recently proposed vigilance model of affective disorders (vigilance in the sense of "brain arousal"), manic behaviour is partly interpreted as an autoregulatory attempt to stabilise vigilance by creating a stimulating environment, and the sensation avoidance and withdrawal in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is seen as an autoregulatory reaction to tonically increased vigilance. Indeed, using a newly developed EEG-based algorithm, hyperstable vigilance was found in MDD, and the contrary, with rapid drops to sleep stages, in mania. Furthermore, destabilising vigilance (e.g. by sleep deprivation) triggers (hypo)mania and improves depression, whereas stabilising vigilance, e.g. by prolonged sleep, improves mania. ADHD and mania have common symptoms, and the unstable vigilance might be a common pathophysiology. There is even evidence that psychostimulants might ameliorate both ADHD and mania. Hyperactivity of the noradrenergic system could explain both the high vigilance level in MDD and, as recently argued, anhedonia and behavioural inhibition. Interestingly, antidepressants and electroconvulsions decrease the firing rate of neurons in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, whereas many antimanic drugs have opposite effects.
According to the recently proposed vigilance model of affective disorders (vigilance in the sense of "brain arousal"), manic behaviour is partly interpreted as an autoregulatory attempt to stabilise vigilance by creating a stimulating environment, and the sensation avoidance and withdrawal in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is seen as an autoregulatory reaction to tonically increased vigilance. Indeed, using a newly developed EEG-based algorithm, hyperstable vigilance was found in MDD, and the contrary, with rapid drops to sleep stages, in mania. Furthermore, destabilising vigilance (e.g. by sleep deprivation) triggers (hypo)mania and improves depression, whereas stabilising vigilance, e.g. by prolonged sleep, improves mania. ADHD and mania have common symptoms, and the unstable vigilance might be a common pathophysiology. There is even evidence that psychostimulants might ameliorate both ADHD and mania. Hyperactivity of the noradrenergic system could explain both the high vigilance level in MDD and, as recently argued, anhedonia and behavioural inhibition. Interestingly, antidepressants and electroconvulsions decrease the firing rate of neurons in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus, whereas many antimanic drugs have opposite effects.
Author Hensch, Tilman
Hegerl, Ulrich
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23092655$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c449t-1597a19293f2c0810407fbe9ab6eac88cb23c210e55b9c9c98b9e2a186bc46f93
ISSN 0149-7634
1873-7528
IngestDate Sun Sep 28 00:06:31 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 06:02:53 EDT 2025
Thu Oct 02 04:28:14 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:09:03 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Vigilance regulation, Arousal, EEG, Autoregulatory behaviour, Sensation seeking, Novelty seeking, Mania, ADHD, Bipolar disorder, Depression, Noradrenergic system, Norepinephrine, Locus coeruleus, Anti-manic drugs, Antidepressants
Language English
License Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_1561131316
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PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2014-07-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2014-07-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2014
  text: 2014-07-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
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PublicationTitle Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
PublicationTitleAlternate Neurosci Biobehav Rev
PublicationYear 2014
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Snippet According to the recently proposed vigilance model of affective disorders (vigilance in the sense of "brain arousal"), manic behaviour is partly interpreted as...
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StartPage 45
SubjectTerms Arousal - physiology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - physiopathology
Brain Waves - physiology
Electroencephalography
Humans
Models, Neurological
Mood Disorders - physiopathology
Title The vigilance regulation model of affective disorders and ADHD
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23092655
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1561131316
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