Aluminum Conductor Steel-Supported Conductors for the Sustainable Growth of Power Line Capacity: A Review and Discussion

Industrial development and population growth have increased the need for higher-capacity power transmission lines. Aluminum conductor steel-supported (ACSS) conductors, a type of high-temperature low-sag (HTLS) conductor, are now widely used in new designs and reconductoring applications. ACSS condu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inMaterials Vol. 17; no. 18; p. 4536
Main Authors Jalilian, Milad, Riba, Jordi-Roger, Parvizi, Pooya
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 15.09.2024
MDPI
Subjects
Alloys
Aluminum
Conductors
Corrosion resistance
Electricity
Electricity distribution
Energy management systems
Galvanized steel
High temperature
Hot rolling
Industrial development
Mechanical properties
Population growth
Power lines
Real estate development
Review
Sag
Temperature
Tensile strength
Thermal stability
Wire
Zinc
United Kingdom
California
France
New Jersey
Germany
power transmission lines
ACSS
aluminum conductor steel-supported
high temperature low sag
high-capacity conductors
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI10.3390/ma17184536

Cover

Abstract Industrial development and population growth have increased the need for higher-capacity power transmission lines. Aluminum conductor steel-supported (ACSS) conductors, a type of high-temperature low-sag (HTLS) conductor, are now widely used in new designs and reconductoring applications. ACSS conductors are preferred over traditional aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) conductors due to their high strength, low sag, and excellent thermal stability. These attributes have garnered significant interest from researchers, engineers, and manufacturers. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structure, properties, testing methods, and environmental behavior of ACSS conductors.
AbstractList Industrial development and population growth have increased the need for higher-capacity power transmission lines. Aluminum conductor steel-supported (ACSS) conductors, a type of high-temperature low-sag (HTLS) conductor, are now widely used in new designs and reconductoring applications. ACSS conductors are preferred over traditional aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) conductors due to their high strength, low sag, and excellent thermal stability. These attributes have garnered significant interest from researchers, engineers, and manufacturers. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structure, properties, testing methods, and environmental behavior of ACSS conductors.
Industrial development and population growth have increased the need for higher-capacity power transmission lines. Aluminum conductor steel-supported (ACSS) conductors, a type of high-temperature low-sag (HTLS) conductor, are now widely used in new designs and reconductoring applications. ACSS conductors are preferred over traditional aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) conductors due to their high strength, low sag, and excellent thermal stability. These attributes have garnered significant interest from researchers, engineers, and manufacturers. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structure, properties, testing methods, and environmental behavior of ACSS conductors.Industrial development and population growth have increased the need for higher-capacity power transmission lines. Aluminum conductor steel-supported (ACSS) conductors, a type of high-temperature low-sag (HTLS) conductor, are now widely used in new designs and reconductoring applications. ACSS conductors are preferred over traditional aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) conductors due to their high strength, low sag, and excellent thermal stability. These attributes have garnered significant interest from researchers, engineers, and manufacturers. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structure, properties, testing methods, and environmental behavior of ACSS conductors.
Audience Academic
Author Jalilian, Milad
Riba, Jordi-Roger
Parvizi, Pooya
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad P.O. Box 465, Iran; jalilianm70@gmail.com
2 Pooya Power Knowledge Enterprise, Tehran 1466993771, Iran
3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; pxp046@student.bham.ac.uk
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Pooya Power Knowledge Enterprise, Tehran 1466993771, Iran
– name: 1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad P.O. Box 465, Iran; jalilianm70@gmail.com
– name: 3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
– name: 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; pxp046@student.bham.ac.uk
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Milad
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6961-7338
  surname: Jalilian
  fullname: Jalilian, Milad
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jordi-Roger
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8774-2389
  surname: Riba
  fullname: Riba, Jordi-Roger
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Pooya
  surname: Parvizi
  fullname: Parvizi, Pooya
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39336277$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNptktFuFCEUhompse3aGx_AkHhjTKbCwDCDN2azajXZROPqNWGYM12aGRiB6dq3L3VbWxvhAsL5_h_OORyjA-cdIPSCklPGJHk7alrThldMPEFHVEpRUMn5wYP9ITqJ8YLkwRhtSvkMHTLJmCjr-gj9Xg7zaN084pV33WySD3iTAIZiM0-TDwm6-0jEfQ6nLeDNHJO2TrcD4LPgd2mLfY-_-R0EvLYO8EpP2th09Q4v8Xe4tLDD2nX4g41mjtF69xw97fUQ4eR2XaCfnz7-WH0u1l_PvqyW68JwLlIhoePUlKYkrQFCeNk3oiSadhWXpWAV9LyvG9pXuq0Eo7omQpMG6o5J2goGbIHe732nuR2hM-BS0IOagh11uFJeW_VvxNmtOveXilLOSlnT7PD61iH4XzPEpMacBQyDduDnqBilRBJJcw8W6NUj9MLPweX8_lCVrAUXmTrdU-d6AGVd7_PFJs8ORmtye3ubz5cNvZEIWWbBy4c5_H38XRszQPaACT7GAL3Ktdcplzk720FRom4-i7r_LFny5pHkzvU_8DVCk77F
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2024_111251
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.08.043
10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.682
10.1049/ip-c.1982.0035
10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.693.149
10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63907-3
10.1016/j.rser.2020.110334
10.1088/1748-9326/11/11/114008
10.1049/oap-cired.2017.0430
10.1016/j.epsr.2012.07.003
10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.217-222.141
10.1109/TPWRD.2006.887102
10.3390/ma15176143
10.3390/ma9090764
10.1109/TDC.2010.5484515
10.1243/030932403321163668
10.1201/9781420009255
10.2478/amm-2014-0056
10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103443
10.1109/TDEI.2005.1522195
10.1109/EE.1932.6429870
10.1109/TPAS.1974.293903
10.17775/CSEEJPES.2017.00430
10.1016/j.rinp.2018.11.033
10.1016/j.epsr.2015.06.001
10.1007/978-981-32-9938-2_9
10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.11.015
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2014.7028952
10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.125
10.1016/S0257-8972(96)02940-4
10.1049/piee.1975.0282
10.1016/j.matpr.2017.09.057
10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3144740
10.1007/s11367-011-0335-1
10.1088/1757-899X/1098/4/042021
10.1520/MNL20_2ND-EB
10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.07.169
10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.765.793
10.1049/hve2.12128
10.3390/ma17112537
10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103521
10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.046
10.3390/ma10030264
10.1016/j.jmst.2019.08.006
10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.1186
10.1007/s40565-014-0082-y
10.1201/9781420030310
10.1016/j.engfailanal.2008.01.003
10.1109/TPWRD.2017.2704934
10.1016/j.rser.2017.07.011
10.1109/TDC.1999.756161
10.1016/j.matchar.2018.08.037
10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.001
10.1109/PESS.2001.970008
10.2478/v10172-011-0075-z
10.1109/ICHVE.2008.4773888
10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113182
10.1016/0376-4583(84)90145-6
10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.07.044
10.1007/978-981-15-0206-4_20
10.1007/978-3-642-97879-1
10.3390/ma13071592
10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2011.03.007
10.1049/hve.2019.0317
10.1109/TPWRD.2021.3097552
10.1016/B978-0-12-821840-2.00005-5
10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.12.054
10.1049/ic:20050263
10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121326
10.1109/TDCLLM.2011.6042242
10.3390/met11081171
10.1515/rams-2018-0032
10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.324
10.1016/j.matdes.2008.05.078
10.1109/TPWRS.2023.3238992
10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.134
10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.288
10.1088/1757-899X/33/1/012056
10.35833/MPCE.2020.000641
10.1109/TPWRD.2018.2825886
10.1016/j.epsr.2014.07.031
10.1109/61.852992
10.1109/TPAS.1968.292104
10.1007/s11663-013-9974-x
10.1109/EEEIC.2018.8493888
10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2018-0513
10.3389/fenrg.2021.743114
10.1109/ICEEOT.2016.7755241
10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63456-7
10.1016/S1350-6307(02)00021-3
10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117837
10.1109/61.85875
10.3390/en12050822
10.1007/s11663-013-0017-4
10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2015.12.015
10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121414
10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.149
10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121199
10.1016/j.cap.2007.10.090
10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.149
10.1007/978-3-319-31747-2
10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209884
10.1109/TPWRS.2023.3290000
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG
2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2024 by the authors. 2024
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG
– notice: 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2024 by the authors. 2024
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
7SR
8FD
8FE
8FG
ABJCF
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
D1I
DWQXO
HCIFZ
JG9
KB.
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.3390/ma17184536
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
Engineered Materials Abstracts
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
ProQuest One
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central
SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest)
Materials Research Database
Materials Science Database
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest)
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
Publicly Available Content Database
Materials Research Database
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
Engineered Materials Abstracts
ProQuest Central Korea
Materials Science Database
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database

MEDLINE - Academic
CrossRef

PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 8FG
  name: ProQuest Technology Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1996-1944
ExternalDocumentID PMC11432971
A811105692
39336277
10_3390_ma17184536
Genre Journal Article
Review
GeographicLocations United Kingdom
California
France
New Jersey
Germany
GeographicLocations_xml – name: United Kingdom
– name: California
– name: Germany
– name: New Jersey
– name: France
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Generalitat de Catalunya
  grantid: 2021 SGR 00392
– fundername: Ministerio para la Transformación Digital y de la Función Pública
  grantid: PID2023-147016OB-I00
GroupedDBID 29M
2WC
2XV
53G
5GY
5VS
8FE
8FG
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAHBH
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABJCF
ACUHS
ADBBV
ADMLS
AENEX
AFKRA
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
CITATION
CZ9
D1I
E3Z
EBS
ESX
FRP
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
HYE
I-F
IAO
ITC
KB.
KC.
KQ8
MK~
MODMG
M~E
OK1
OVT
P2P
PDBOC
PGMZT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PROAC
RPM
TR2
TUS
NPM
PQGLB
PMFND
7SR
8FD
ABUWG
AZQEC
DWQXO
JG9
PKEHL
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
PUEGO
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-9ed41c2c20bce0042f8620a1d5492635ef4f781f5ab5631a706a08e7d391b63e3
IEDL.DBID 8FG
ISSN 1996-1944
IngestDate Thu Aug 21 18:31:18 EDT 2025
Thu Sep 04 18:04:35 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 11:45:53 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 10 21:03:01 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 05:56:46 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:10:44 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:29:13 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 18
Keywords power transmission lines
ACSS
aluminum conductor steel-supported
high temperature low sag
high-capacity conductors
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c446t-9ed41c2c20bce0042f8620a1d5492635ef4f781f5ab5631a706a08e7d391b63e3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-6961-7338
0000-0001-8774-2389
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/3110597646?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PMID 39336277
PQID 3110597646
PQPubID 2032366
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11432971
proquest_miscellaneous_3110909145
proquest_journals_3110597646
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A811105692
pubmed_primary_39336277
crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_ma17184536
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma17184536
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20240915
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-09-15
PublicationDate_xml – month: 9
  year: 2024
  text: 20240915
  day: 15
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Materials
PublicationTitleAlternate Materials (Basel)
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References ref_94
Azevedo (ref_134) 2002; 9
Kopsidas (ref_81) 2016; 10
ref_93
ref_92
ref_90
Zhang (ref_42) 2018; 145
Kalombo (ref_137) 2016; 61
ref_131
ref_11
ref_98
ref_133
ref_97
ref_96
Kraus (ref_130) 1991; 6
ref_95
ref_19
ref_18
Properzi (ref_60) 1981; 23
Takami (ref_123) 2006; 22
Frigerio (ref_142) 2016; 106
Lilien (ref_127) 2000; 191
Rashkovska (ref_10) 2022; 37
ref_126
ref_125
ref_128
Glaum (ref_7) 2023; 343
Asgari (ref_71) 2009; 9
ref_25
ref_24
Knych (ref_40) 2014; 59
Fernandez (ref_102) 2016; 53
ref_120
ref_21
ref_122
Bartos (ref_28) 2016; 11
ref_124
Stickley (ref_87) 1932; 51
Soulinaris (ref_89) 2014; 117
Matos (ref_139) 2022; 121
Kyriakopoulos (ref_1) 2016; 56
Wang (ref_13) 2023; 39
ref_27
ref_26
Adams (ref_29) 1974; 5
Zame (ref_31) 2018; 82
ref_70
ref_79
ref_150
ref_77
ref_152
Khaliq (ref_65) 2014; 45
ref_74
Cahill (ref_86) 1973; 6
Kopsidas (ref_132) 2021; 37
Sonsino (ref_148) 2007; 29
Wolf (ref_129) 2008; 50
Rocha (ref_146) 2022; 121
Dong (ref_155) 2015; 3
Amraee (ref_12) 2023; 347
Daminov (ref_8) 2023; 346
Shibli (ref_72) 2015; 262
Cigre (ref_82) 1981; 75
Yasaranga (ref_20) 2017; 50
Verma (ref_78) 1997; 89
ref_83
ref_147
ref_80
ref_149
Moreira (ref_153) 2017; 2017
Ouaki (ref_138) 2003; 38
Chao (ref_41) 2014; 24
ref_88
ref_144
ref_85
ref_84
ref_145
Banjanin (ref_121) 2015; 127
Li (ref_113) 2018; 33
Baumann (ref_141) 2017; 9
Xu (ref_116) 2022; 7
Jorge (ref_154) 2012; 17
Zhou (ref_17) 2018; 4
ref_50
Karabay (ref_53) 2009; 30
Long (ref_15) 2023; 39
Pozdniakov (ref_47) 2020; 36
Bicao (ref_75) 2008; 202
ref_58
Orlova (ref_35) 2019; 784
ref_57
ref_56
Pokorny (ref_76) 2016; 55
ref_55
ref_54
Fricke (ref_136) 1968; 6
ref_52
Karimi (ref_101) 2018; 91
ref_51
Belov (ref_43) 2015; 25
ref_59
Chen (ref_16) 2020; 7
Knych (ref_33) 2011; 56
Yusop (ref_91) 2014; 8
ref_61
Adamiak (ref_111) 2005; 12
Fadel (ref_143) 2012; 42
Megala (ref_117) 2021; 44
Faraday (ref_110) 1838; 4
ref_68
Jie (ref_115) 2020; 5
ref_64
ref_62
Lalonde (ref_140) 2017; 33
Xu (ref_66) 2018; 11
Kalair (ref_23) 2016; 59
Lai (ref_14) 2022; 305
ref_114
Safari (ref_9) 2021; 10
ref_119
ref_118
ref_36
Michiorri (ref_100) 2015; 52
ref_32
Azevedo (ref_135) 2009; 16
Kahveci (ref_44) 2018; 22
ref_30
ref_112
ref_39
ref_38
ref_37
Hanna (ref_73) 1984; 21
ref_103
ref_106
ref_105
ref_108
ref_107
Shivashankar (ref_151) 2017; 4
Riba (ref_3) 2020; 134
Li (ref_69) 2024; 244
Munaswamy (ref_99) 2000; 15
Shao (ref_45) 2023; 25
ref_46
Cui (ref_67) 2015; 86
Kishore (ref_22) 2014; 39
ref_2
ref_49
ref_48
Silva (ref_104) 2012; 93
Orlova (ref_34) 2018; 55
ref_5
Khaliq (ref_63) 2014; 45
ref_4
Gallimberti (ref_109) 1979; 40
ref_6
References_xml – volume: 50
  start-page: 41
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: Techno economic analysis of the use of high temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors in the Sri Lanka’s transmission system
  publication-title: Eng. J. Inst. Eng. Sri Lanka
– volume: 61
  start-page: 77
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_137
  article-title: Assessment of the fatigue failure of an All Aluminium Alloy Cable (AAAC) for a 230 kV transmission line in the Center-West of Brazil
  publication-title: Eng. Fail. Anal.
  doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.08.043
– ident: ref_80
– ident: ref_51
– ident: ref_88
– volume: 44
  start-page: 3652
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_117
  article-title: Investigation on corona performance of conductors using fabricated indoor corona cage
  publication-title: Mater. Today Proc.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.682
– ident: ref_84
  doi: 10.1049/ip-c.1982.0035
– ident: ref_108
– ident: ref_68
  doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.693.149
– ident: ref_94
– volume: 25
  start-page: 2817
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_43
  article-title: Effect of Zr additions and annealing temperature on electrical conductivity and hardness of hot rolled Al sheets
  publication-title: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China
  doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63907-3
– volume: 134
  start-page: 110334
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Uprating of transmission lines by means of HTLS conductors for a sustainable growth: Challenges, opportunities, and research needs
  publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110334
– volume: 11
  start-page: 114008
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: Impacts of rising air temperatures on electric transmission ampacity and peak electricity load in the United States
  publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/11/114008
– volume: 55
  start-page: 115
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_76
  article-title: Effect of chemical composition of steel on the structure of hot–Dip galvanized coating
  publication-title: Metalurgija
– volume: 2017
  start-page: 481
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_153
  article-title: Use of high-temperature conductors in existing lines: Economic and environmental benefits
  publication-title: CIRED-Open Access Proc. J.
  doi: 10.1049/oap-cired.2017.0430
– volume: 6
  start-page: 66
  year: 1973
  ident: ref_86
  article-title: Development of a low-creep ACSR conductor
  publication-title: Wire J.
– volume: 8
  start-page: 180
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_91
  article-title: Investigation of Electromagnetic Force in 3P5W Busbar System under Peak Short-Circuit Current
  publication-title: Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng.
– volume: 93
  start-page: 61
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_104
  article-title: Applicability and limitations of ampacity models for HTLS conductors
  publication-title: Electr. Power Syst. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2012.07.003
– ident: ref_114
– ident: ref_4
– ident: ref_56
– ident: ref_64
  doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.217-222.141
– volume: 7
  start-page: 862
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Model predictive control based real-time energy management for hybrid energy storage system
  publication-title: CSEE J. Power Energy Syst.
– ident: ref_120
– ident: ref_48
– volume: 22
  start-page: 537
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_123
  article-title: Characteristics of direct lightning strokes to phase conductors of UHV transmission lines
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2006.887102
– ident: ref_11
  doi: 10.3390/ma15176143
– ident: ref_145
  doi: 10.3390/ma9090764
– ident: ref_36
  doi: 10.1109/TDC.2010.5484515
– volume: 38
  start-page: 133
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_138
  article-title: Fretting fatigue analysis of aluminium conductor wires near the suspension clamp: Metallurgical and fracture mechanics analysis
  publication-title: J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des.
  doi: 10.1243/030932403321163668
– ident: ref_18
  doi: 10.1201/9781420009255
– volume: 59
  start-page: 339
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_40
  article-title: Aluminium alloys with zirconium additions, in the range from 0.05 to 0.32%, intended for applications in the overhead electrical power engineering
  publication-title: Arch. Metall. Mater.
  doi: 10.2478/amm-2014-0056
– volume: 121
  start-page: 103443
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_146
  article-title: A general life estimation method for overhead conductors based on fretting fatigue behavior of wires
  publication-title: Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103443
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1015
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_111
  article-title: Corona discharge in the hyperbolic point-plane configuration: Direct ionization criterion versus an approximate formulations
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul.
  doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2005.1522195
– ident: ref_128
– volume: 51
  start-page: 413
  year: 1932
  ident: ref_87
  article-title: Stress-strain studies of transmission line conductors
  publication-title: Electr. Eng.
  doi: 10.1109/EE.1932.6429870
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1700
  year: 1974
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: Steel supported aluminum conductors (SSAC) for overhead transmission lines
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst.
  doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1974.293903
– ident: ref_103
– volume: 4
  start-page: 250
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: A new solution architecture for online power system analysis
  publication-title: CSEE J. Power Energy Syst.
  doi: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2017.00430
– ident: ref_59
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1058
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_66
  article-title: The influence of trace elements on the microstructures and properties of the aluminum conductors
  publication-title: Results Phys.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rinp.2018.11.033
– volume: 127
  start-page: 206
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_121
  article-title: Lightning protection of overhead transmission lines using external ground wires
  publication-title: Electr. Power Syst. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.06.001
– ident: ref_133
  doi: 10.1007/978-981-32-9938-2_9
– volume: 29
  start-page: 2246
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_148
  article-title: Course of SN-curves especially in the high-cycle fatigue regime with regard to component design and safety
  publication-title: Int. J. Fatigue
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.11.015
– ident: ref_5
  doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2014.7028952
– volume: 39
  start-page: 949
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Optimal economic planning of power transmission lines: A review
  publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.125
– ident: ref_97
– volume: 89
  start-page: 143
  year: 1997
  ident: ref_78
  article-title: High-temperature batch hot-dip galvanizing. Part 2. Comparison of coatings formed in the temperature range 520–555 C
  publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0257-8972(96)02940-4
– ident: ref_83
  doi: 10.1049/piee.1975.0282
– volume: 4
  start-page: 11318
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_151
  article-title: Overview of different overhead transmission line conductors
  publication-title: Mater. Today Proc.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.09.057
– volume: 37
  start-page: 4642
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Uncertainty assessment of dynamic thermal line rating for operational use at transmission system operators
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3144740
– volume: 17
  start-page: 9
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_154
  article-title: Life cycle assessment of electricity transmission and distribution—Part 1: Power lines and cables
  publication-title: Int. J. Life Cycle Assess.
  doi: 10.1007/s11367-011-0335-1
– ident: ref_119
  doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1098/4/042021
– volume: 50
  start-page: 269
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_129
  article-title: Using the energy balance method in estimation of overhead transmission line aeolian vibrations
  publication-title: Stroj. Časopis Za Teor. I Praksu U Stroj.
– ident: ref_79
  doi: 10.1520/MNL20_2ND-EB
– ident: ref_106
– volume: 25
  start-page: 7528
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: Development of thermal-resistant Al–Zr based conductor alloys via microalloying with Sc and manipulating thermomechanical processing
  publication-title: J. Mater. Res. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.07.169
– ident: ref_46
  doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.765.793
– volume: 7
  start-page: 147
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_116
  article-title: Effect of TiO2 coating on the surface condition and corona characteristics of positive DC conductors with particle matters
  publication-title: High Volt.
  doi: 10.1049/hve2.12128
– ident: ref_144
  doi: 10.3390/ma17112537
– volume: 121
  start-page: 103521
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_139
  article-title: Fretting fatigue performance and life prediction of 1120 aluminum alloy wires of overhead conductors
  publication-title: Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tafmec.2022.103521
– volume: 56
  start-page: 1044
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: Electrical energy storage systems in electricity generation: Energy policies, innovative technologies, and regulatory regimes
  publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.046
– ident: ref_50
– volume: 23
  start-page: 33
  year: 1981
  ident: ref_60
  article-title: Continuous Casting and Rolling by the ‘Properzi’ Method
  publication-title: Wire World Int.
– ident: ref_74
  doi: 10.3390/ma10030264
– volume: 75
  start-page: 1
  year: 1981
  ident: ref_82
  article-title: Permanent elongation of conductors. Predictior equation and evaluation methods
  publication-title: Electra
– volume: 36
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_47
  article-title: Microstructure and mechanical properties of novel Al-Y-Sc alloys with high thermal stability and electrical conductivity
  publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.08.006
– ident: ref_70
– volume: 10
  start-page: 2424
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_81
  article-title: Overhead line design considerations for conductor creep mitigation
  publication-title: IET Gener. Transm. Distrib.
  doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.1186
– ident: ref_95
– volume: 3
  start-page: 123
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_155
  article-title: Estimating life-cycle energy payback ratio of overhead transmission line toward low carbon development
  publication-title: J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy
  doi: 10.1007/s40565-014-0082-y
– ident: ref_152
  doi: 10.1201/9781420030310
– volume: 9
  start-page: 5
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_141
  article-title: Efficient computation and experimental validation of ACSR overhead line conductors under tension and bending
  publication-title: CIGRE Sci. Eng.
– ident: ref_49
– volume: 16
  start-page: 136
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_135
  article-title: Fretting fatigue in overhead conductors: Rig design and failure analysis of a Grosbeak aluminium cable steel reinforced conductor
  publication-title: Eng. Fail. Anal.
  doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2008.01.003
– ident: ref_55
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1518
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_140
  article-title: Numerical analysis of ACSR conductor–clamp systems undergoing wind-induced cyclic loads
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2017.2704934
– volume: 82
  start-page: 1646
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_31
  article-title: Smart grid and energy storage: Policy recommendations
  publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.07.011
– ident: ref_90
– ident: ref_30
  doi: 10.1109/TDC.1999.756161
– volume: 145
  start-page: 126
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_42
  article-title: Comparative study of Sc and Er addition on microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of Al-0.2 Zr-based alloy cables
  publication-title: Mater. Charact.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2018.08.037
– volume: 91
  start-page: 600
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_101
  article-title: Dynamic thermal rating of transmission lines: A review
  publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.001
– ident: ref_149
  doi: 10.1109/PESS.2001.970008
– ident: ref_61
– volume: 56
  start-page: 685
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_33
  article-title: Studies on the process of heat treatment of conductive AlZr alloys obtained in various productive processes
  publication-title: Arch. Metall. Mater.
  doi: 10.2478/v10172-011-0075-z
– ident: ref_125
  doi: 10.1109/ICHVE.2008.4773888
– ident: ref_58
– volume: 244
  start-page: 113182
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_69
  article-title: Synergistic solid–liquid composite and rapid solidification preparation of aluminum-clad steel wires
  publication-title: Mater. Des.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113182
– volume: 21
  start-page: 27
  year: 1984
  ident: ref_73
  article-title: Factors affecting the quality of hot-dip-galvanized steel sheets
  publication-title: Surf. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/0376-4583(84)90145-6
– volume: 202
  start-page: 1785
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_75
  article-title: Effects of zinc bath temperature on the coatings of hot-dip galvanizing
  publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.07.044
– ident: ref_98
– ident: ref_21
  doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-0206-4_20
– ident: ref_126
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-97879-1
– ident: ref_27
  doi: 10.3390/ma13071592
– ident: ref_118
– volume: 191
  start-page: 45
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_127
  article-title: Review of galloping control methods
  publication-title: Electra
– ident: ref_52
– volume: 42
  start-page: 24
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_143
  article-title: Effect of high mean tensile stress on the fretting fatigue life of an Ibis steel reinforced aluminium conductor
  publication-title: Int. J. Fatigue
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2011.03.007
– volume: 5
  start-page: 489
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_115
  article-title: Experimental studies on effects of surface morphologies on corona characteristics of conductors subjected to positive DC voltages
  publication-title: High Volt.
  doi: 10.1049/hve.2019.0317
– volume: 37
  start-page: 1775
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_132
  article-title: Evaluating Aeolian Vibration Performance of High-Temperature Low-Sag OHL Conductors
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2021.3097552
– ident: ref_77
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821840-2.00005-5
– volume: 262
  start-page: 210
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_72
  article-title: A review on recent approaches in the field of hot dip zinc galvanizing process
  publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.12.054
– ident: ref_112
  doi: 10.1049/ic:20050263
– volume: 346
  start-page: 121326
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Economic performance of an overplanted offshore wind farm under several commitment strategies and dynamic thermal ratings of submarine export cable
  publication-title: Appl. Energy
  doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121326
– ident: ref_6
  doi: 10.1109/TDCLLM.2011.6042242
– ident: ref_38
– ident: ref_107
– ident: ref_131
– ident: ref_39
  doi: 10.3390/met11081171
– ident: ref_124
– ident: ref_93
– volume: 4
  start-page: 125
  year: 1838
  ident: ref_110
  article-title: Experimental researches in electricity—Thirteenth series
  publication-title: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond.
– volume: 55
  start-page: 92
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: Influence of severe plastic deformation on microstructure, strength and electrical conductivity of aged Al–0.4 Zr (wt.%) alloy
  publication-title: Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci.
  doi: 10.1515/rams-2018-0032
– volume: 784
  start-page: 41
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: Effect of annealing on microstructure, strength and electrical conductivity of the pre-aged and HPT-processed Al-0.4 Zr alloy
  publication-title: J. Alloys Compd.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.324
– volume: 30
  start-page: 816
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_53
  article-title: ACSS/TW aerial high-temperature bare conductors as a remedy for increasing transmission line capacity and determination of processing parameters for manufacturing
  publication-title: Mater. Des.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2008.05.078
– ident: ref_24
– volume: 39
  start-page: 967
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Capacity assessment for wind-storage integration system considering electro-thermal coupling of overhead transmission line
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2023.3238992
– volume: 52
  start-page: 1713
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_100
  article-title: Forecasting for dynamic line rating
  publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.134
– volume: 59
  start-page: 1653
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: Comparative study of HVAC and HVDC transmission systems
  publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.288
– ident: ref_62
  doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/33/1/012056
– volume: 10
  start-page: 378
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: Secure probabilistic prediction of dynamic thermal line rating
  publication-title: J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy
  doi: 10.35833/MPCE.2020.000641
– volume: 33
  start-page: 2428
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_113
  article-title: The impact of water droplet vibration on corona inception on conductors under 50 Hz AC fields
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2018.2825886
– volume: 117
  start-page: 76
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_89
  article-title: Evaluation of the thermal stresses and dielectric phenomena in the investigation of the causes of wildfires involving distribution power lines
  publication-title: Electr. Power Syst. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.07.031
– volume: 15
  start-page: 604
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_99
  article-title: Self-damping measurements of conductors with circular and trapezoidal wires
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.
  doi: 10.1109/61.852992
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1381
  year: 1968
  ident: ref_136
  article-title: Importance of fretting in vibration failures of stranded conductors
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst.
  doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1968.292104
– volume: 45
  start-page: 752
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_65
  article-title: Removal of Vanadium from Molten Aluminum-Part I. Analysis of VB 2 Formation
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. B
  doi: 10.1007/s11663-013-9974-x
– ident: ref_2
  doi: 10.1109/EEEIC.2018.8493888
– ident: ref_37
– volume: 22
  start-page: e20180513
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_44
  article-title: Measurement and prediction of the thermal and electrical conductivity of Al-Zr overhead line conductors at elevated temperatures
  publication-title: Mater. Res.
  doi: 10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2018-0513
– ident: ref_32
  doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2021.743114
– ident: ref_96
– ident: ref_26
  doi: 10.1109/ICEEOT.2016.7755241
– volume: 24
  start-page: 3164
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_41
  article-title: Effect of Zr and Sc on mechanical properties and electrical conductivities of Al wires
  publication-title: Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China
  doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63456-7
– volume: 9
  start-page: 645
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_134
  article-title: Failure analysis of aluminum cable steel reinforced (ACSR) conductor of the transmission line crossing the Parana River
  publication-title: Eng. Fail. Anal.
  doi: 10.1016/S1350-6307(02)00021-3
– volume: 305
  start-page: 117837
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Network topology optimisation based on dynamic thermal rating and battery storage systems for improved wind penetration and reliability
  publication-title: Appl. Energy
  doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117837
– ident: ref_54
– ident: ref_122
– ident: ref_85
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1264
  year: 1991
  ident: ref_130
  article-title: Aeolian vibrations: Wind energy input valuated from measurements on an energized transmission line
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv.
  doi: 10.1109/61.85875
– volume: 40
  start-page: C7
  year: 1979
  ident: ref_109
  article-title: The mechanism of the long spark formation
  publication-title: Le J. De Phys. Colloq.
– ident: ref_19
  doi: 10.3390/en12050822
– volume: 45
  start-page: 784
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_63
  article-title: Removal of Vanadium from Molten Aluminum—Part III. Analysis of Industrial Boron Treatment Practice
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. B
  doi: 10.1007/s11663-013-0017-4
– volume: 106
  start-page: 176
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_142
  article-title: Analysis of the tensile response of a stranded conductor using a 3D finite element model
  publication-title: Int. J. Mech. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2015.12.015
– volume: 347
  start-page: 121414
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: Secure expansion of energy storage and transmission lines considering bundling option under renewable penetration
  publication-title: Appl. Energy
  doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121414
– volume: 53
  start-page: 80
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_102
  article-title: Review of dynamic line rating systems for wind power integration
  publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.149
– volume: 343
  start-page: 121199
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: Leveraging the existing German transmission grid with dynamic line rating
  publication-title: Appl. Energy
  doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121199
– volume: 9
  start-page: 59
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_71
  article-title: Effect of coating thickness on modifying the texture and corrosion performance of hot-dip galvanized coatings
  publication-title: Curr. Appl. Phys.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cap.2007.10.090
– ident: ref_150
– ident: ref_105
– volume: 86
  start-page: 397
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_67
  article-title: Effects of grain refinement and boron treatment on electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of AA1070 aluminum
  publication-title: Mater. Des.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.149
– ident: ref_147
– ident: ref_57
– ident: ref_25
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-31747-2
– ident: ref_92
  doi: 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209884
– volume: 39
  start-page: 3059
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Two-Stage Submodular Optimization of Dynamic Thermal Rating for Risk Mitigation Considering Placement and Operation Schedule
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2023.3290000
SSID ssj0000331829
Score 2.4315624
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Industrial development and population growth have increased the need for higher-capacity power transmission lines. Aluminum conductor steel-supported (ACSS)...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage 4536
SubjectTerms Alloys
Aluminum
Conductors
Corrosion resistance
Electricity
Electricity distribution
Energy management systems
Galvanized steel
High temperature
Hot rolling
Industrial development
Mechanical properties
Population growth
Power lines
Real estate development
Review
Sag
Temperature
Tensile strength
Thermal stability
Wire
Zinc
Title Aluminum Conductor Steel-Supported Conductors for the Sustainable Growth of Power Line Capacity: A Review and Discussion
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39336277
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3110597646
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3110909145
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11432971
Volume 17
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVFSB
  databaseName: Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1996-1944
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000331829
  issn: 1996-1944
  databaseCode: HH5
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://abc-chemistry.org/
  providerName: ABC ChemistRy
– providerCode: PRVAFT
  databaseName: Open Access Digital Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1996-1944
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000331829
  issn: 1996-1944
  databaseCode: KQ8
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html
  providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
– providerCode: PRVEBS
  databaseName: Academic Search Ultimate
  customDbUrl: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,shib&custid=s3936755&profile=ehost&defaultdb=asn
  eissn: 1996-1944
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000331829
  issn: 1996-1944
  databaseCode: ABDBF
  dateStart: 20091201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=asn
  providerName: EBSCOhost
– providerCode: PRVEBS
  databaseName: Inspec with Full Text
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1996-1944
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000331829
  issn: 1996-1944
  databaseCode: ADMLS
  dateStart: 20091201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/inspec-full-text
  providerName: EBSCOhost
– providerCode: PRVFQY
  databaseName: GFMER Free Medical Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1996-1944
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000331829
  issn: 1996-1944
  databaseCode: GX1
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php
  providerName: Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1996-1944
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000331829
  issn: 1996-1944
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVAQN
  databaseName: PubMed Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1996-1944
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000331829
  issn: 1996-1944
  databaseCode: RPM
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
  providerName: National Library of Medicine
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  eissn: 1996-1944
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000331829
  issn: 1996-1944
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1996-1944
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000331829
  issn: 1996-1944
  databaseCode: 8FG
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3fb9MwED7B9gIPiN8ExmQEEuLBWhwndswLKmXtxMM0MSb1LXJsR6u0JWNNpf35u2vStEWIx8SnyMqd776zz98BfBKlUt56y0NZljzNpOLG5oE77_CtloiQV2yfp-rkIv05y2b9htuiL6tc-8SVo_aNoz3yIykICWiVqm83fzh1jaLT1b6FxkPYFwlaEt0Un0yHPZZYosUmpmMllZjdH11bgc6YprQTh_72xlvhaLdUciv2TJ7Ckx40slGn5WfwINTP4fEWleALuBuhl5nXy2s2bmricG1u2XkbwhWnvp1UUes3IwuGUJUh9GPnm_tTbIoZeXvJmoqdUes0hmlqYGMMpg6R-lc2Yt05ArO1Zz_mC7ekAtr6JVxMjn-PT3jfVYE7TP1aboJPhUtcEpcu0JqtMKmJrfDE1YbwI1RppXNRZbbMlBRWx8rGedBeGlSsDPIV7NVNHd4AK2OpQ6Y1Qg6TlpQd6Sr1IrXC5A6RYQRf1v-4cD3lOHW-uCow9SB9FBt9RPBxkL3piDb-KfWZVFXQ6sMvOdtfIsD5EI9VMcoF2YkySQQHa20W_bJcFBsjiuDDMIwLik5JbB2aZSdjEEWlWQSvO-UPE5JGYsDXOoJ8xywGASLr3h2p55cr0m7MO2VitHj7_3m9g0cJwiaqSBHZAey1t8vwHmFPWx6ubPsQ9r8fn579wqfpTNwD6igGUg
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VcoAeEG9SChgBQhyixnESx0gIrbZst7RUSG2l3lLHdtSV2qTsQ4U_xW9kZvPYXYS49RpbluMZz3xjj78BeMvzJLHaat_lee5HsUh8pVPnG2vwqxSIkOdsn4fJ8CT6ehqfrsHv9i0MpVW2NnFuqG1l6Ix8W3BCAjKJks9XP3yqGkW3q20JjVot9t2vawzZJp_2dlC-78Jw8OW4P_SbqgK-wdBn6itnI25CEwa5caSzBYL6QHNLXGXofl0RFTLlRazzOBFcyyDRQeqkFQp_TDiB496C25EQgrj608Fud6YTCNwhoapZUIVQwfal5mj8aQlW_N7f1n_J_a2mZi75usF9uNeAVNarteoBrLnyIWwsURc-gp89tGqjcnbJ-lVJnLHVmB1NnbvwqU4oZfDaRcuEITRmCDXZ0eK9FtsdV9fTc1YV7DuVamMYFjvWR-dtMDL4yHqsvrdgurRsZzQxM0rYLR_DyY2s9xNYL6vSPQOWB0K6WEqEOCrKKRqTRWR5pLlKDSJRDz60a5yZhuKcKm1cZBjqkDyyhTw8eNP1vaqJPf7Z6z2JKqPdjiMZ3TxawPkQb1bWSznpZaJCD7ZaaWaNGZhkC6X14HXXjBuYbmV06apZ3UchaotiD57Wwu8mJJRAgCGlB-mKWnQdiBx8taUcnc9JwjHOFaGSfPP_83oFd4bH3w6yg73D_edwN0TIRtkwPN6C9el45l4g5JrmL-d6zuDspjfWHyOEP5E
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VrYTggHgTKGAECHGINo6TOEaq0LLbpaVotaJU6i11bEddqU3KPlT4i_wqZjbZF0Lceo2tyPGMZ76JZ74BeMPzJLHaat_lee5HsUh8pVPnG2vwqRSIkOdsn4Nk_zj6chKfbMHvRS0MpVUubOLcUNvK0D_ytuCEBGQSJe2iSYsY9vofL3_41EGKbloX7TR002bB7s7pxpoij0P36wrDucnuQQ9l_zYM-3vfu_t-03HANxgWTX3lbMRNaMIgN470uUDAH2huiccMXbMrokKmvIh1HieCaxkkOkidtELhRwsn8L03YFtSvWgLtj_tDYbfln98AoHnJ1Q1R6oQKmhfaI6ugTZowyv-7RvWnONm4uaaJ-zfhTsNhGWdWufuwZYr78PtNWLDB_CzgzZvVM4uWLcqiVG2GrOjqXPnPnURpfxeuxqZMATODIEoO1pVc7HP4-pqesaqgg2pkRvDoNmxLrp2g3HDB9Zh9a0G06VlvdHEzCidt3wIx9ey44-gVValewIsD4R0sZQIgFSUU6wmi8jySHOVGsSpHrxf7HFmGgJ06sNxnmEgRPLIVvLw4PVy7mVN-_HPWe9IVBnZAnyT0U1JA66HWLWyTspJaxMVerCzkGbWGIlJtlJpD14th_F4052NLl01q-coxHRR7MHjWvjLBQklEH5I6UG6oRbLCUQdvjlSjs7mFOIYBYtQSf70_-t6CTfxkGVfDwaHz-BWiHiOUmV4vAOt6XjmniMem-YvGkVncHrdZ-sPCzpKaw
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Aluminum+Conductor+Steel-Supported+Conductors+for+the+Sustainable+Growth+of+Power+Line+Capacity%3A+A+Review+and+Discussion&rft.jtitle=Materials&rft.au=Jalilian%2C+Milad&rft.au=Jordi-Roger+Riba&rft.au=Parvizi%2C+Pooya&rft.date=2024-09-15&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=1996-1944&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=4536&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fma17184536&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1996-1944&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1996-1944&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1996-1944&client=summon