Multilocus Sequence Analysis Reveals Three Distinct Populations of “ Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” with a Specific Geographical Distribution on the African Continent
Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multiloc...
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| Published in | Applied and environmental microbiology Vol. 85; no. 8; pp. e02716 - 18 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Society for Microbiology
15.04.2019
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0099-2240 1098-5336 1070-6291 1098-5336 |
| DOI | 10.1128/AEM.02716-18 |
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| Abstract | Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for tracking epidemics of “
Ca
. Phytoplasma palmicola,” which is responsible for coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) on the African continent. MLST analysis applied to diseased coconut samples collected in western and eastern African countries also showed the existence of three distinct populations of “
Ca
. Phytoplasma palmicola” with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and the dominance of short-distance insect-mediated transmission.
To sustain epidemiological studies on coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD), a devastating disease in Africa caused by a phytoplasma, we developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for “
Candidatus
Phytoplasma palmicola” based on eight housekeeping genes. At the continental level, eight different sequence types were identified among 132 “
Candidatus
Phytoplasma palmicola”-infected coconuts collected in Ghana, Nigeria, and Mozambique, where CLYD epidemics are still very active. “
Candidatus
Phytoplasma palmicola” appeared to be a bacterium that is subject to strong bottlenecks, reducing the fixation of positively selected beneficial mutations into the bacterial population. This phenomenon, as well as a limited plant host range, might explain the observed country-specific distribution of the eight haplotypes. As an alternative means to increase fitness, bacteria can also undergo genetic exchange; however, no evidence for such recombination events was found for “
Candidatus
Phytoplasma palmicola.” The implications for CLYD epidemiology and prophylactic control are discussed. The usefulness of seven housekeeping genes to investigate the genetic diversity in the genus “
Candidatus
Phytoplasma” is underlined.
IMPORTANCE
Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for tracking epidemics of “
Ca
. Phytoplasma palmicola,” which is responsible for coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) on the African continent. MLST analysis applied to diseased coconut samples collected in western and eastern African countries also showed the existence of three distinct populations of “
Ca
. Phytoplasma palmicola” with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and the dominance of short-distance insect-mediated transmission. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | To sustain epidemiological studies on coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD), a devastating disease in Africa caused by a phytoplasma, we developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for "Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola" based on eight housekeeping genes. At the continental level, eight different sequence types were identified among 132 "Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola"-infected coconuts collected in Ghana, Nigeria, and Mozambique, where CLYD epidemics are still very active. "Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola" appeared to be a bacterium that is subject to strong bottlenecks, reducing the fixation of positively selected beneficial mutations into the bacterial population. This phenomenon, as well as a limited plant host range, might explain the observed country-specific distribution of the eight haplotypes. As an alternative means to increase fitness, bacteria can also undergo genetic exchange; however, no evidence for such recombination events was found for "Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola." The implications for CLYD epidemiology and prophylactic control are discussed. The usefulness of seven housekeeping genes to investigate the genetic diversity in the genus "Candidatus Phytoplasma" is underlined.IMPORTANCE Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for tracking epidemics of "Ca Phytoplasma palmicola," which is responsible for coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) on the African continent. MLST analysis applied to diseased coconut samples collected in western and eastern African countries also showed the existence of three distinct populations of "Ca Phytoplasma palmicola" with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and the dominance of short-distance insect-mediated transmission.To sustain epidemiological studies on coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD), a devastating disease in Africa caused by a phytoplasma, we developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for "Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola" based on eight housekeeping genes. At the continental level, eight different sequence types were identified among 132 "Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola"-infected coconuts collected in Ghana, Nigeria, and Mozambique, where CLYD epidemics are still very active. "Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola" appeared to be a bacterium that is subject to strong bottlenecks, reducing the fixation of positively selected beneficial mutations into the bacterial population. This phenomenon, as well as a limited plant host range, might explain the observed country-specific distribution of the eight haplotypes. As an alternative means to increase fitness, bacteria can also undergo genetic exchange; however, no evidence for such recombination events was found for "Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola." The implications for CLYD epidemiology and prophylactic control are discussed. The usefulness of seven housekeeping genes to investigate the genetic diversity in the genus "Candidatus Phytoplasma" is underlined.IMPORTANCE Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for tracking epidemics of "Ca Phytoplasma palmicola," which is responsible for coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) on the African continent. MLST analysis applied to diseased coconut samples collected in western and eastern African countries also showed the existence of three distinct populations of "Ca Phytoplasma palmicola" with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and the dominance of short-distance insect-mediated transmission. Phytoplasma palmicola' with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed genetic bottlenecks resulting in strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and dominance of short distance insect-mediated transmission in its spread. Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for tracking epidemics of “Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola,” which is responsible for coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) on the African continent. MLST analysis applied to diseased coconut samples collected in western and eastern African countries also showed the existence of three distinct populations of “Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola” with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and the dominance of short-distance insect-mediated transmission. To sustain epidemiological studies on coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD), a devastating disease in Africa caused by a phytoplasma, we developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for “Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” based on eight housekeeping genes. At the continental level, eight different sequence types were identified among 132 “Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola”-infected coconuts collected in Ghana, Nigeria, and Mozambique, where CLYD epidemics are still very active. “Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” appeared to be a bacterium that is subject to strong bottlenecks, reducing the fixation of positively selected beneficial mutations into the bacterial population. This phenomenon, as well as a limited plant host range, might explain the observed country-specific distribution of the eight haplotypes. As an alternative means to increase fitness, bacteria can also undergo genetic exchange; however, no evidence for such recombination events was found for “Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola.” The implications for CLYD epidemiology and prophylactic control are discussed. The usefulness of seven housekeeping genes to investigate the genetic diversity in the genus “Candidatus Phytoplasma” is underlined. IMPORTANCE Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for tracking epidemics of “Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola,” which is responsible for coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) on the African continent. MLST analysis applied to diseased coconut samples collected in western and eastern African countries also showed the existence of three distinct populations of “Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola” with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and the dominance of short-distance insect-mediated transmission. To sustain epidemiological studies on coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD), a devastating disease in Africa caused by a phytoplasma, we developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for " Phytoplasma palmicola" based on eight housekeeping genes. At the continental level, eight different sequence types were identified among 132 " Phytoplasma palmicola"-infected coconuts collected in Ghana, Nigeria, and Mozambique, where CLYD epidemics are still very active. " Phytoplasma palmicola" appeared to be a bacterium that is subject to strong bottlenecks, reducing the fixation of positively selected beneficial mutations into the bacterial population. This phenomenon, as well as a limited plant host range, might explain the observed country-specific distribution of the eight haplotypes. As an alternative means to increase fitness, bacteria can also undergo genetic exchange; however, no evidence for such recombination events was found for " Phytoplasma palmicola." The implications for CLYD epidemiology and prophylactic control are discussed. The usefulness of seven housekeeping genes to investigate the genetic diversity in the genus " Phytoplasma" is underlined. Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for tracking epidemics of " Phytoplasma palmicola," which is responsible for coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) on the African continent. MLST analysis applied to diseased coconut samples collected in western and eastern African countries also showed the existence of three distinct populations of " Phytoplasma palmicola" with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and the dominance of short-distance insect-mediated transmission. To sustain epidemiological studies on coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD), a devastating disease in Africa caused by a phytoplasma, we developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for “Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” based on eight housekeeping genes. At the continental level, eight different sequence types were identified among 132 “Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola”-infected coconuts collected in Ghana, Nigeria, and Mozambique, where CLYD epidemics are still very active. “Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” appeared to be a bacterium that is subject to strong bottlenecks, reducing the fixation of positively selected beneficial mutations into the bacterial population. This phenomenon, as well as a limited plant host range, might explain the observed country-specific distribution of the eight haplotypes. As an alternative means to increase fitness, bacteria can also undergo genetic exchange; however, no evidence for such recombination events was found for “Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola.” The implications for CLYD epidemiology and prophylactic control are discussed. The usefulness of seven housekeeping genes to investigate the genetic diversity in the genus “Candidatus Phytoplasma” is underlined. IMPORTANCE Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for tracking epidemics of “Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola,” which is responsible for coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) on the African continent. MLST analysis applied to diseased coconut samples collected in western and eastern African countries also showed the existence of three distinct populations of “Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola” with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and the dominance of short-distance insect-mediated transmission. Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for tracking epidemics of “ Ca . Phytoplasma palmicola,” which is responsible for coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) on the African continent. MLST analysis applied to diseased coconut samples collected in western and eastern African countries also showed the existence of three distinct populations of “ Ca . Phytoplasma palmicola” with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and the dominance of short-distance insect-mediated transmission. To sustain epidemiological studies on coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD), a devastating disease in Africa caused by a phytoplasma, we developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for “ Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” based on eight housekeeping genes. At the continental level, eight different sequence types were identified among 132 “ Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola”-infected coconuts collected in Ghana, Nigeria, and Mozambique, where CLYD epidemics are still very active. “ Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” appeared to be a bacterium that is subject to strong bottlenecks, reducing the fixation of positively selected beneficial mutations into the bacterial population. This phenomenon, as well as a limited plant host range, might explain the observed country-specific distribution of the eight haplotypes. As an alternative means to increase fitness, bacteria can also undergo genetic exchange; however, no evidence for such recombination events was found for “ Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola.” The implications for CLYD epidemiology and prophylactic control are discussed. The usefulness of seven housekeeping genes to investigate the genetic diversity in the genus “ Candidatus Phytoplasma” is underlined. IMPORTANCE Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases have become one of the major pests that limit coconut cultivation as they have emerged in different parts of the world. We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for tracking epidemics of “ Ca . Phytoplasma palmicola,” which is responsible for coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) on the African continent. MLST analysis applied to diseased coconut samples collected in western and eastern African countries also showed the existence of three distinct populations of “ Ca . Phytoplasma palmicola” with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed strong geographic patterns remain to be established but could result from the lethality of CLYD and the dominance of short-distance insect-mediated transmission. |
| Author | Foissac, Xavier Quaicoe, Robert Nketsia Freire, Marcos Pilet, Fabian Osagie, Isaac Jesuorobo |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Fabian orcidid: 0000-0003-0079-216X surname: Pilet fullname: Pilet, Fabian organization: CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France – sequence: 2 givenname: Robert Nketsia surname: Quaicoe fullname: Quaicoe, Robert Nketsia organization: Council for Scientific Research Program–Oil Palm Research Institute (CSIR-OPRI), Sekondi, Ghana – sequence: 3 givenname: Isaac Jesuorobo surname: Osagie fullname: Osagie, Isaac Jesuorobo organization: Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Benin City, Nigeria – sequence: 4 givenname: Marcos surname: Freire fullname: Freire, Marcos organization: Instituto de Investigaçao Agraria de Moçambique (IIAM), Maputo, Mozambique – sequence: 5 givenname: Xavier orcidid: 0000-0002-2170-5793 surname: Foissac fullname: Foissac, Xavier organization: UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave-d’Ornon, France |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30770404$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02619162$$DView record in HAL |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cropro_2024_106830 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10658_021_02262_3 crossref_primary_10_1099_mgen_0_001213 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40858_020_00407_z crossref_primary_10_3390_biology11111611 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens9030223 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egg_2024_100229 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens12020294 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13313_024_00970_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s40858_023_00562_z crossref_primary_10_1093_aesa_saaa048 crossref_primary_10_1080_07060661_2020_1792995 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens10020169 |
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| Keywords | multilocus sequence typing phytoplasma coconut lethal yellowing disease Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola maladie du jaunissement mortel de la noix de coco CLYD |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Citation Pilet F, Quaicoe RN, Osagie IJ, Freire M, Foissac X. 2019. Multilocus sequence analysis reveals three distinct populations of “Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” with a specific geographical distribution on the African continent. Appl Environ Microbiol 85:e02716-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02716-18. |
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| PublicationTitle | Applied and environmental microbiology |
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| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
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| Snippet | Coconut is an important crop for both industry and small stakeholders in many intertropical countries. Phytoplasma-associated lethal yellowing-like diseases... To sustain epidemiological studies on coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD), a devastating disease in Africa caused by a phytoplasma, we developed a... Phytoplasma palmicola' with low intrapopulation diversity. The reasons for the observed genetic bottlenecks resulting in strong geographic patterns remain to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Africa Animals Bacteria Bacterial Typing Techniques Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola Cultivation Disease DNA, Bacterial - genetics Epidemics Epidemiology Fitness Genes Genes, Essential Genetic diversity Genetic Variation Geographical distribution Haplotypes Host plants Host range Host Specificity Insecta - microbiology Insects Lethality Life Sciences Microbiology and Parasitology Multilocus sequence typing Multilocus Sequence Typing - methods Mutation Pests Phylogeny Phytopathology and phytopharmacy Phytoplasma Phytoplasma - classification Phytoplasma - genetics Phytoplasma - isolation & purification Plant Diseases - microbiology Plant Microbiology Populations Recombination Reproductive fitness RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Vegetal Biology Yellowing |
| Title | Multilocus Sequence Analysis Reveals Three Distinct Populations of “ Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola” with a Specific Geographical Distribution on the African Continent |
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