An Innovative Fingerprint Location Algorithm for Indoor Positioning Based on Array Pseudolite

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 19; no. 20; p. 4420
• Main Authors: Huang, Lu, Gan, Xingli, Yu, Baoguo, Zhang, Heng, Li, Shuang, Cheng, Jianqiang, Liang, Xiaohu, Wang, Boyuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 12.10.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Accuracy; Algorithms; Antennas; array pseudolite; carrier phase difference; Computer peripherals; deep neural network; fingerprint matching; Global positioning systems; GPS; indoor localization; Neural networks; Radio frequency identification; Receivers & amplifiers; Satellites; Sensors; Smartphones; Spread spectrum; Wireless networks
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s19204420

Since the signals of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are blocked by buildings, accurate positioning cannot be achieved in an indoor environment. Pseudolite can simulate similar outdoor satellite signals and can be used as a stable and reliable positioning signal source in indoor environments. Therefore, it has been proposed as a good substitute and has become a research hotspot in the field of indoor positioning. There are still some problems in the pseudolite positioning field, such as: Integer ambiguity of carrier phase, initial position determination, and low signal coverage. To avoid the limitation of these factors, an indoor positioning system based on fingerprint database matching of homologous array pseudolite is proposed in this paper, which can achieve higher positioning accuracy. The realization of this positioning system mainly includes the offline phase and the online phase. In the offline phase, the carrier phase data in the indoor environment is first collected, and a fingerprint database is established. Then a variational auto-encoding (VAE) network with location information is used to learn the probability distribution characteristics of the carrier phase difference of pseudolite in the latent space to realize feature clustering. Finally, the deep neural network is constructed by using the hidden features learned to further study the mapping relationship between different carrier phases of pseudolite and different indoor locations. In the online phase, the trained model and real-time carrier phases of pseudolite are used to predict the location of the positioning terminal. In this paper, by a large number of experiments, the performance of the pseudolite positioning system is evaluated under dynamic and static conditions. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated by the comparison experiments, the experimental results show that the average positioning accuracy of the positioning system in a real indoor scene is 0.39 m, and the 95% positioning error is less than 0.85 m, which outperforms the traditional fingerprint positioning algorithms.