Railroad Turnout Wear Diagnostics
The article presents a few issues related to the technical condition of a railway turnout, an important element of the railway network where about 90% of railway accidents occur. In the first part of the article, the results of railway turnout wear are presented. A comparison of normal forces (in wh...
Saved in:
| Published in | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 21; no. 20; p. 6697 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Basel
MDPI AG
09.10.2021
MDPI |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1424-8220 1424-8220 |
| DOI | 10.3390/s21206697 |
Cover
| Abstract | The article presents a few issues related to the technical condition of a railway turnout, an important element of the railway network where about 90% of railway accidents occur. In the first part of the article, the results of railway turnout wear are presented. A comparison of normal forces (in wheel–rail contact) in vehicle traffic on straight track without a turnout and normal forces occurring when a rail vehicle passes a turnout is presented. Then, turnout wear processes for selected speeds are presented. In the next part of the paper, the possibilities of using a vision system are presented, which, in combination with tools for image processing analysis, makes it possible to detect wear and distances between the key elements of a railway turnout. The main idea of the proposed online diagnostic system solution is to use the analysis of received images (photos) with the help of a vision system. The basic problem to be solved in the proposed system was to develop algorithms responsible for generating wear areas from high-resolution images. The algorithms created within the work were implemented and tested in the MATLAB software environment. The presented method is an original procedure for diagnosing turnout elements for each time instant. The proposed system is compatible with railway traffic control systems. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The article presents a few issues related to the technical condition of a railway turnout, an important element of the railway network where about 90% of railway accidents occur. In the first part of the article, the results of railway turnout wear are presented. A comparison of normal forces (in wheel–rail contact) in vehicle traffic on straight track without a turnout and normal forces occurring when a rail vehicle passes a turnout is presented. Then, turnout wear processes for selected speeds are presented. In the next part of the paper, the possibilities of using a vision system are presented, which, in combination with tools for image processing analysis, makes it possible to detect wear and distances between the key elements of a railway turnout. The main idea of the proposed online diagnostic system solution is to use the analysis of received images (photos) with the help of a vision system. The basic problem to be solved in the proposed system was to develop algorithms responsible for generating wear areas from high-resolution images. The algorithms created within the work were implemented and tested in the MATLAB software environment. The presented method is an original procedure for diagnosing turnout elements for each time instant. The proposed system is compatible with railway traffic control systems. The article presents a few issues related to the technical condition of a railway turnout, an important element of the railway network where about 90% of railway accidents occur. In the first part of the article, the results of railway turnout wear are presented. A comparison of normal forces (in wheel-rail contact) in vehicle traffic on straight track without a turnout and normal forces occurring when a rail vehicle passes a turnout is presented. Then, turnout wear processes for selected speeds are presented. In the next part of the paper, the possibilities of using a vision system are presented, which, in combination with tools for image processing analysis, makes it possible to detect wear and distances between the key elements of a railway turnout. The main idea of the proposed online diagnostic system solution is to use the analysis of received images (photos) with the help of a vision system. The basic problem to be solved in the proposed system was to develop algorithms responsible for generating wear areas from high-resolution images. The algorithms created within the work were implemented and tested in the MATLAB software environment. The presented method is an original procedure for diagnosing turnout elements for each time instant. The proposed system is compatible with railway traffic control systems.The article presents a few issues related to the technical condition of a railway turnout, an important element of the railway network where about 90% of railway accidents occur. In the first part of the article, the results of railway turnout wear are presented. A comparison of normal forces (in wheel-rail contact) in vehicle traffic on straight track without a turnout and normal forces occurring when a rail vehicle passes a turnout is presented. Then, turnout wear processes for selected speeds are presented. In the next part of the paper, the possibilities of using a vision system are presented, which, in combination with tools for image processing analysis, makes it possible to detect wear and distances between the key elements of a railway turnout. The main idea of the proposed online diagnostic system solution is to use the analysis of received images (photos) with the help of a vision system. The basic problem to be solved in the proposed system was to develop algorithms responsible for generating wear areas from high-resolution images. The algorithms created within the work were implemented and tested in the MATLAB software environment. The presented method is an original procedure for diagnosing turnout elements for each time instant. The proposed system is compatible with railway traffic control systems. |
| Author | Kisilowski, Jerzy Kowalik, Rafał |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Avionics and Control Systems, Faculty of Aviation Division, Military University of Aviation, 08-521 Deblin, Poland; r.kowalik@law.mil.pl 1 Faculty of Transport, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Faculty of Transport, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland – name: 2 Department of Avionics and Control Systems, Faculty of Aviation Division, Military University of Aviation, 08-521 Deblin, Poland; r.kowalik@law.mil.pl |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jerzy orcidid: 0000-0003-3747-0578 surname: Kisilowski fullname: Kisilowski, Jerzy – sequence: 2 givenname: Rafał orcidid: 0000-0001-6431-9561 surname: Kowalik fullname: Kowalik, Rafał |
| BookMark | eNp1kF9LHDEUxUOxVN32od9giy9WWL35M5nJS6HY1gqCUCx9DHcyyTZLdrImM4rf3kxXpIo-5ZL8cu45Z5_s9LG3hHykcMy5gpPMKAMpVf2G7FHBxKJhDHb-m3fJfs4rAMY5b96RXS6kqhSFPfLpF_qQInbzqzH1cRzmfyym-TePyz7mwZv8nrx1GLL98HDOyO8f369Ofy4uLs_OT79eLIwQclhI2daIbWMb7KxxsgVUtaEcjG0BsG47NJ1hLatlJ3kZbdVIQUEZ6oxzyGfkfKvbRVzpTfJrTHc6otf_LmJaakzFULBaoHKdM0gpR-Fa0_DGOcWgFrUxoFTROtpqjf0G724xhEdBCnrqTD92VuAvW3gztmtbjPVDwvDEwdOX3v_Vy3ijm0pACVgEDh8EUrwebR702mdjQ8DexjFrNiUVaip_Rg6eoatYei-9TpSoQUBVFepkS5kUc07WaeMHHHyc9vvwYobPz368nvceFbSsPQ |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engfailanal_2023_107872 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engfailanal_2024_109026 crossref_primary_10_3390_app12199988 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engfailanal_2024_108936 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aei_2024_102717 crossref_primary_10_3390_machines10090796 crossref_primary_10_3390_app12178496 crossref_primary_10_3390_en14227520 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engfailanal_2023_107936 crossref_primary_10_3390_app13179531 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtcomm_2024_109588 crossref_primary_10_3390_app122412534 crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6501_ad889d |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.156 10.17531/ein.2018.4.2 10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.031 10.1109/TIM.2020.2998863 10.1177/0954409713489118 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2007.03.005 10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.09.650 10.1109/ICDMA.2013.167 10.3390/s20164467 10.1109/CoDIT.2018.8394832 10.3390/ma13030701 10.1109/ChiCC.2015.7260626 10.1007/978-3-030-03991-2_10 10.1016/j.tre.2007.12.003 10.1109/TASE.2009.2038170 10.1177/0954409713503320 10.1016/j.ress.2006.02.011 10.1016/S0951-8320(02)00166-7 10.1016/j.jsv.2009.02.016 10.1177/0954409715596183 10.1080/00423114.2015.1039550 10.1109/TIE.2010.2051399 10.1016/j.ejor.2005.10.037 10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.014 10.1080/00423110500233487 10.1243/0954409981530733 10.1177/1687814015623696 10.1177/0954409712448038 10.1177/0954409713481725 10.1007/978-981-13-7542-2_15 10.1109/ICISCT47635.2019.9011937 10.1080/00423114.2014.944870 10.1016/S0967-0661(01)00159-9 10.3390/s20164627 10.1243/09544097JRRT289 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2021 by the authors. 2021 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2021 by the authors. 2021 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7X7 7XB 88E 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH K9. M0S M1P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM ADTOC UNPAY DOA |
| DOI | 10.3390/s21206697 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) Medical Database ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall DOAJ Open Access Full Text |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | Publicly Available Content Database CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository – sequence: 3 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1424-8220 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_4a9fdfca113a4fbc838ff920747cc099 10.3390/s21206697 PMC8540130 10_3390_s21206697 |
| GeographicLocations | Poland |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Poland |
| GroupedDBID | --- 123 2WC 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8FE 8FG 8FI 8FJ AADQD AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ABUWG ACUHS ADBBV ADMLS AENEX AFKRA AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BENPR BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CITATION CS3 D1I DU5 E3Z EBD ESX F5P FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HH5 HMCUK HYE IAO ITC KQ8 L6V M1P M48 MODMG M~E OK1 OVT P2P P62 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PPXIY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RNS RPM TUS UKHRP XSB ~8M 3V. 7XB 8FK AZQEC DWQXO K9. PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 PUEGO 5PM ADRAZ ADTOC IPNFZ RIG UNPAY |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-66b7aab8e8adecf6b0a97c130ceb00a7bdacdc2b276d63cdce5864109c1fcffa3 |
| IEDL.DBID | UNPAY |
| ISSN | 1424-8220 |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:52:26 EDT 2025 Sun Oct 26 04:15:38 EDT 2025 Sat Oct 11 07:06:41 EDT 2025 Thu Oct 02 08:44:19 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 07:16:01 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:09:09 EDT 2025 Thu Oct 16 04:37:28 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 20 |
| Language | English |
| License | Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). cc-by |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c446t-66b7aab8e8adecf6b0a97c130ceb00a7bdacdc2b276d63cdce5864109c1fcffa3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6431-9561 0000-0003-3747-0578 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6697/pdf?version=1633768204 |
| PMID | 34695910 |
| PQID | 2584704055 |
| PQPubID | 2032333 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_4a9fdfca113a4fbc838ff920747cc099 unpaywall_primary_10_3390_s21206697 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8540130 proquest_miscellaneous_2586449233 proquest_journals_2584704055 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_s21206697 crossref_primary_10_3390_s21206697 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20211009 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-10-09 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2021 text: 20211009 day: 9 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Basel |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
| PublicationTitle | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
| PublicationYear | 2021 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG MDPI |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG – name: MDPI |
| References | Marquez (ref_29) 2003; 80 Xu (ref_25) 2016; 8 ref_14 ref_13 ref_56 ref_55 ref_52 Kwan (ref_36) 2003; 1 Wan (ref_11) 2014; 52 Letot (ref_53) 2015; 48 ref_17 ref_15 ref_59 (ref_63) 2016; 230 Bruni (ref_45) 2009; 324 Johansson (ref_6) 2011; 271 ref_61 Kassa (ref_7) 2006; 44 ref_60 Marquez (ref_35) 2010; 224 Ren (ref_46) 2000; 12 Han (ref_47) 2006; 10 ref_69 ref_68 ref_23 ref_67 ref_65 ref_64 ref_62 Andersson (ref_2) 1998; 272 ref_28 ref_27 ref_26 Roberts (ref_33) 2002; 10 Pletz (ref_9) 2012; 226 Andersson (ref_3) 1999; 33 ref_71 ref_70 Marquez (ref_32) 2007; 176 ref_34 Khouy (ref_16) 2014; 230 Rama (ref_21) 2013; 227 ref_31 Burgelman (ref_5) 2015; 53 Chudzikiewicz (ref_66) 1989; 1 Ou (ref_57) 2018; 20 Eker (ref_58) 2012; 58 ref_39 ref_38 Herian (ref_4) 2013; 20 Mirza (ref_10) 2017; 743 Chen (ref_49) 2008; 1 Wan (ref_12) 2014; 228 Marquez (ref_19) 2007; 14 Camci (ref_37) 2010; 7 Ren (ref_43) 2008; 25 Guo (ref_41) 2020; 69 Marquez (ref_30) 2007; 92 ref_44 Dyduch (ref_20) 2015; 3 Palsson (ref_8) 2011; 50 ref_42 Markine (ref_54) 2011; 277 Ahlbeck (ref_1) 2007; 77 ref_40 Wang (ref_24) 2010; 1 Michowski (ref_22) 2011; 10 Khouy (ref_18) 2013; 228 Kaewunruen (ref_51) 2019; 228 Marquez (ref_50) 2008; 44 Song (ref_48) 2011; 3 |
| References_xml | – volume: 228 start-page: 1537 year: 2019 ident: ref_51 article-title: Digital twin aided sustainability-based lifecycle management for railway turnout systems publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.156 – volume: 77 start-page: 13 year: 2007 ident: ref_1 article-title: A study of dynamie impact load effecLs due to railroad wheel profile roughness publication-title: Veh. Syst. Dyn. Int. J. Veh. Mech. Mobil. – ident: ref_26 – ident: ref_68 – volume: 20 start-page: 514 year: 2018 ident: ref_57 article-title: Hybrid fault diagnosis of railway switches based on the segmentation of monitoring curves publication-title: Ekspolatacja i Niezawodn–Maint. Reliab. doi: 10.17531/ein.2018.4.2 – volume: 277 start-page: 158 year: 2011 ident: ref_54 article-title: Combatting RCF on switch points by tuning elastic track properties publication-title: Wear doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.031 – ident: ref_65 – volume: 12 start-page: 38 year: 2000 ident: ref_46 article-title: Research on the Effect of Turnout defects on Wheel-Rail Interaction publication-title: J. Railw. Eng. Soc. – volume: 1 start-page: 28 year: 2010 ident: ref_24 article-title: Key Technologies in High-speed Railway Turnout Design publication-title: J. Southwest Jiaotong Univ. – ident: ref_61 – ident: ref_23 – volume: 1 start-page: 604 year: 2003 ident: ref_36 article-title: A novel approach to fault diagnostics and prognostics publication-title: Proc. IEEE ICRA – volume: 69 start-page: 8881 year: 2020 ident: ref_41 article-title: An Unsupervised Fault-Detection Method for Railway Turnouts publication-title: IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2020.2998863 – ident: ref_71 – volume: 228 start-page: 730 year: 2014 ident: ref_12 article-title: Analysis of train/turnout vertical interaction using a fast numerical model and validation of that model publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F J. Rail Rapid Transit doi: 10.1177/0954409713489118 – volume: 14 start-page: 1411 year: 2007 ident: ref_19 article-title: Failure analysis and diagnostics for railway trackside equipment publication-title: Eng. Fail. Anal. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2007.03.005 – volume: 48 start-page: 958 year: 2015 ident: ref_53 article-title: A Data Driven Degradation-based Model for the Maintenance of Turnouts: A Case Study publication-title: IFAC-Pap. Line doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.09.650 – ident: ref_39 doi: 10.1109/ICDMA.2013.167 – volume: 10 start-page: 89 year: 2006 ident: ref_47 article-title: 75 kg m rail turnout AT defect Analysis and Remediation publication-title: Railw. Eng. – ident: ref_17 doi: 10.3390/s20164467 – volume: 743 start-page: 6016001 year: 2017 ident: ref_10 article-title: Torsional effect on track-support structures of railway tumouts crossing impact publication-title: Transp. Eng. Part A Syst. – ident: ref_59 doi: 10.1109/CoDIT.2018.8394832 – ident: ref_70 doi: 10.3390/ma13030701 – ident: ref_31 – ident: ref_56 – ident: ref_27 – ident: ref_52 – ident: ref_40 doi: 10.1109/ChiCC.2015.7260626 – ident: ref_69 – volume: 3 start-page: 58 year: 2011 ident: ref_48 article-title: Speed railway turnout defect Causes and Remediation publication-title: Technol. Results – volume: 10 start-page: 37 year: 2011 ident: ref_22 article-title: Linia CMK a tunel Gottharda na przykładzie techniki rozjazdowej publication-title: TTS Tech. Transp. Szyn. – ident: ref_42 doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-03991-2_10 – volume: 44 start-page: 1175 year: 2008 ident: ref_50 article-title: Life Cycle Costs for Railway Condition Monitoring publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2007.12.003 – volume: 7 start-page: 581 year: 2010 ident: ref_37 article-title: Health-state estimation and prognostics in machining processes publication-title: IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng. doi: 10.1109/TASE.2009.2038170 – volume: 228 start-page: 611 year: 2013 ident: ref_18 article-title: Geometrical degradation of railway tumouts: A case study from a Swedish heavy haul railroad publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F J. Raił Rapid Transit doi: 10.1177/0954409713503320 – volume: 92 start-page: 830 year: 2007 ident: ref_30 article-title: A Digital Filter Based Approach to the Remote Condition Monitoring of Railway Turnouts publication-title: Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2006.02.011 – volume: 20 start-page: 85 year: 2013 ident: ref_4 article-title: Obciążenie i zużycie rozjazdów kolejowych w warunkach eksploatacyjnych oraz materiały stosowane do ich budowy publication-title: Technika Transportu Szynowego – ident: ref_13 – ident: ref_62 – volume: 80 start-page: 33 year: 2003 ident: ref_29 article-title: A Reliability centered approach to remote condition monitoring: A railway points case study publication-title: Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. doi: 10.1016/S0951-8320(02)00166-7 – volume: 324 start-page: 666 year: 2009 ident: ref_45 article-title: Effects of vehicle impacts on urban turnouts: Modelling and validation through measurements publication-title: J. Sound Vib. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2009.02.016 – volume: 230 start-page: 1440 year: 2016 ident: ref_63 article-title: A Novel Approach to Diagnostic and Prognostic Evaluations Applied to Railways: A Real Case Study publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F J. Rail Rapid Transit doi: 10.1177/0954409715596183 – ident: ref_28 – volume: 53 start-page: 1190 year: 2015 ident: ref_5 article-title: Influence of wheel–rail contact modelling on vehicle dynamic simulation publication-title: Veh. Syst. Dyn. doi: 10.1080/00423114.2015.1039550 – volume: 58 start-page: 1718 year: 2012 ident: ref_58 article-title: A Simple State-Based Prognostic Model for Railway Turnout Systems publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2051399 – ident: ref_34 – volume: 1 start-page: 57 year: 2008 ident: ref_49 article-title: Analysis of Track Irregularity with Wavelets Analysis Theory publication-title: J. Railw. Eng. Soc. – volume: 176 start-page: 1703 year: 2007 ident: ref_32 article-title: Unobserved component models applied to the assessment of wear in railway points: A case study publication-title: Eur. J. Oper. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2005.10.037 – volume: 271 start-page: 472 year: 2011 ident: ref_6 article-title: Simulalion of wheel-rail contact and damage in switches & crossings publication-title: Wear doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.10.014 – volume: 44 start-page: 247 year: 2006 ident: ref_7 article-title: Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout publication-title: Veh. Syst. Dyn. doi: 10.1080/00423110500233487 – volume: 272 start-page: 123 year: 1998 ident: ref_2 article-title: Wheel/rail impacts at a railway tumout crossing publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F J. Raił Rapid Transit doi: 10.1243/0954409981530733 – ident: ref_67 – ident: ref_14 – volume: 8 start-page: 1 year: 2016 ident: ref_25 article-title: Effects of profile wear on wheel-rail contact conditions and dynamie interaction of vehicle and tumout publication-title: Adv. Mech. Eng. doi: 10.1177/1687814015623696 – ident: ref_44 – volume: 226 start-page: 603 year: 2012 ident: ref_9 article-title: A wheel passing a crossing nose: Dynamie analysis under high axle loads using finite element modelling publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F J. Raił Rapid Transit doi: 10.1177/0954409712448038 – volume: 25 start-page: 223 year: 2008 ident: ref_43 article-title: Study on the Wheel/Rail Contact Geometry Relation of the Turnout Zone publication-title: Eng. Mech. – volume: 3 start-page: 3758 year: 2015 ident: ref_20 article-title: Metody pomiaru sił przestawiania ruchomych części rozjazdów dużych prędkości publication-title: Logistyka – volume: 227 start-page: 344 year: 2013 ident: ref_21 article-title: A reliability analysis of railway switches publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F J. Raił Rapid Transit doi: 10.1177/0954409713481725 – ident: ref_15 doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-7542-2_15 – ident: ref_38 doi: 10.1109/ICISCT47635.2019.9011937 – volume: 1 start-page: 9 year: 1989 ident: ref_66 article-title: Wheel-Rail Wear Calculations with the Fastsim Routine publication-title: Arch. Transp. Q. – volume: 230 start-page: 486 year: 2014 ident: ref_16 article-title: Measurement of vertical geometry variations in railway tumouts exposed to different operating conditions publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F J. Raił Rapid Transit – volume: 52 start-page: 1517 year: 2014 ident: ref_11 article-title: Improvement of vehicle–turnout interaction by optimising the shape of crossing nose publication-title: Veh. Syst. Dyn. doi: 10.1080/00423114.2014.944870 – volume: 10 start-page: 419 year: 2002 ident: ref_33 article-title: Distributed quantitative and qualitative fault diagnosis: Railway junction case study publication-title: Control Eng. Pract. doi: 10.1016/S0967-0661(01)00159-9 – volume: 50 start-page: 43 year: 2011 ident: ref_8 article-title: Wheel-Rail interaction and damage in switches and crossings publication-title: Veh. Syst. Dyn. Int. J. Veh. Mech. Mobil. – volume: 33 start-page: 131 year: 1999 ident: ref_3 article-title: Load Impacts at Railway Turnout Crossing publication-title: Int. J. Veh. Mech. Mobil. – ident: ref_55 doi: 10.3390/s20164627 – ident: ref_64 – ident: ref_60 – volume: 224 start-page: 35 year: 2010 ident: ref_35 article-title: Railway point mechanisms: Condition monitoring and fault detection publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F J. Rail Rapid Transit doi: 10.1243/09544097JRRT289 |
| SSID | ssj0023338 |
| Score | 2.4436123 |
| Snippet | The article presents a few issues related to the technical condition of a railway turnout, an important element of the railway network where about 90% of... |
| SourceID | doaj unpaywall pubmedcentral proquest crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 6697 |
| SubjectTerms | Design Diagnostic tests diagnostics Failure Geometry Infrastructure Medical diagnosis railroad Railroads railways Research methodology turnout wear |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Open Access Full Text dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Nb9QwEB1VvbQcKkpBDbQoBQ5coia249jH8lFVSPSAqOgtsse2WmmVrdpdIf49M0k22kWgXrhFyRzsGdvznjx5A_COkJAmIBEKaUwolPWqcDo2xHkEEpYLpuzV9r9e6osr9eW6vl5r9cU1YYM88OC4U-VsCgldVUmnkkcjTUpWsO47IsEbPn1LY1dkaqRakpjXoCMkidSfPtABTbmVlZ3Wsk8v0r-BLP-si9xZdnfu1083m60lnfOnsDeixfxsGOU-bMXuGTxZ0xA8gJNv7nZ2P3ch56b18-Ui_0GLN_80lNCxCPNzuDr__P3jRTH2PSiQyNmi0No3znkTjQsRk_alsw1SskFu9OMaHxwGFF40OmhJj7E2WlWlxSphSk6-gO1u3sVDyFUpsa7491Nfq0o4G0pkwRorYoNCqgzer_zR4igKzr0pZi2RA3ZdO7kugzeT6d2ghPE3ow_s1MmAxav7FxTSdgxp-1hIMzhahaQdd9RDK_g-l06cus7gZPpMe4EvOFwX58vehuAdQVaZQbMRyo0BbX7pbm96VW1TM9UsM3g7Bf3f83z5P-b5CnYFV8hwOYI9gu3F_TIeE8RZ-Nf9av4NR0_6ew priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Nb9QwEB2V7QE4ID5FSkEpcOASNbEdxzkgRKFVhcQKVVT0Ftljp1RaJct2VxX_nplsEnYRcIviOTgzY8-bePwG4DUhIU1AwifSGJ-o0qnE6lBQziOQsJw3ace2_3mqT8_Vp4v8Ygemw10YLqsc9sRuo_Yt8j_yQ8HneeRxef5u_iPhrlF8ujq00LB9awX_tqMYuwW7gpmxJrB7dDz9cjamYJIysjW_kKRk__CapCjmMuPTRlTqyPu3EOef9ZK3V83c_ryxs9lGMDq5D_d6FBm_X5v9AeyE5iHc3eAWfAQHZ_Zqtmitj7mZfbtaxt_IqeOP69I6Jmd-DOcnx18_nCZ9P4QEKWlbJlq7wlpngrE-YK1dassCKQghNwCyhfMWPQonCu21pMeQG62ytMSsxrq28glMmrYJTyFWqcQ842upLleZsKVPkYlsShEKFFJF8GbQR4U9WTj3rJhVlDSw6qpRdRG8HEXna4aMvwkdsVJHASa17l60i8uqXyOVsmXta7RZJq2qHRpp6roUTPGPSEg2gv3BJFW_0q6r334RwcE4TGuEDz5sE9pVJ0Owj6CsjKDYMuXWhLZHmqvvHdu2yTkFTSN4NRr939-59_8pPoM7gmtiuACh3IfJcrEKzwnULN2L3lN_AV2M944 priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest – databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access dbid: M48 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3Pa9VAEB5qe9Aeij9pbJVUPXiJJrubze5BRGtLEepBfNhb2J9aCEl9fQ_tf-9MXl5opEJvIZlAMrO78w07-30ArxAJSQQSPuNK-UxoKzIjQ4U1D3OI5bzKe7b90y_yZCY-n5VnG7DW2BwceHljaUd6UrN58-bPr6v3OOHfUcWJJfvbS1x-MXPq6g5sYYLSpOBwKsbNBMZ5L2hNZ7oyzIf5imBo-uokLfXs_RPI-W_D5N1le2GufpumuZaNju_DzgAj0w-ruD-AjdA-hO1r5IKP4OCrOW_mnfEpqdl3y0X6HUd1-mnVW0fszI9hdnz07fAkGwQRModV2yKT0lbGWBWU8cFFaXOjK4dZyJECkKmsN847ZlklveR4GUolRZFrV0QXo-FPYLPt2rALqci5Kws6l2pLUTCjfe6IyUazUDnGRQKv1_6o3cAWTqIVTY1VA7muHl2XwIvR9GJFkXGT0Udy6mhArNb9jW7-ox4mSS2Mjj46UxTciGid4ipGzYjj3zmEsgnsr0NSr0dKzWijF5eiskzgYHyMk4R2PkwbumVvg7gPsSxPoJqEcvJB0yft-c-ebluVVIPmCbwcg_7__3x6G2fswT1GrTHUh6D3YXMxX4ZniG0W9nk_cv8Cm6D1wg priority: 102 providerName: Scholars Portal |
| Title | Railroad Turnout Wear Diagnostics |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2584704055 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2586449233 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8540130 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6697/pdf?version=1633768204 https://doaj.org/article/4a9fdfca113a4fbc838ff920747cc099 |
| UnpaywallVersion | publishedVersion |
| Volume | 21 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVFSB databaseName: Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: HH5 dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://abc-chemistry.org/ providerName: ABC ChemistRy – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Colorado Digital library customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Colorado Digital library customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 20030101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVEBS databaseName: Academic Search Ultimate - eBooks customDbUrl: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,shib&custid=s3936755&profile=ehost&defaultdb=asn eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: ABDBF dateStart: 20081201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=asn providerName: EBSCOhost – providerCode: PRVEBS databaseName: Inspec with Full Text customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: ADMLS dateStart: 20081201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/inspec-full-text providerName: EBSCOhost – providerCode: PRVFQY databaseName: GFMER Free Medical Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: GX1 dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php providerName: Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research – providerCode: PRVFQY databaseName: GFMER Free Medical Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: GX1 dateStart: 0 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php providerName: Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVAQN databaseName: PubMed Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: RPM dateStart: 20030101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ providerName: National Library of Medicine – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518 eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: 8FG dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1 providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVFZP databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 20250930 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: M48 dateStart: 20030101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://journals.scholarsportal.info providerName: Scholars Portal |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwED-x9gF44HsiMKoMeOAla-I4tvOENliZkFZN0yrKU-SPGCqqpOpSEPz1nJM0aiaQkHiJovgS2bHP9zv77meA14iEGAIJE8RCmICmigaS5Rx9HqIRyxkR1mz751N2NqMf58l8J4vfhVWiK76oJ2mXhRWgBQvHJEIvfcxYyscrY99-b9eSEEyggqARo3swZAmi8QEMZ9OL4891UlH7dkMoFKN3P77GmTp0n-mZoZqtvwcxbwZI3t4UK_nzh1wud6zP5D7Ibb2boJNvR5tKHelfNygd_6dhD-BeC03942YsPYRbefEI7u4QFj6Gw0u5WK5LafwrFC43lf8JNcV_38TrOcbnJzCbnF69OwvaQxYCjZ5gFTCmuJRK5EKaXFumQplyjZZNu1OFJFdGaqOJIpwZFuNtnghGozDVkdXWyngfBkVZ5E_Bp2Gsk8jluqqERkSmJtSOHSclOdckph682f7zTLcM5O4gjGWGnojrnqzrHg9edqKrhnbjT0InruM6AceUXT8o11-yVvEyKlNrrJZRFEtqlRaxsDYl7twArREee3Cw7fasVd_rjLjNY5zeksSDw64YFc_tpsgiLze1DGJJxMexB7w3XHoV6pcUi681hbdInF8bevCqG1h_b-ezf5J6DneIi7dxwQ3pAQyq9SZ_gYCpUiPY43OOVzH5MILhyen04nJULz7g9ZyKUaszvwEalRR2 |
| linkProvider | Unpaywall |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3JbtRAEC2FcAgcUNgUQwCHReJixe5u2-0DioAQTchyQBMxN6c3h0gje5hFUX6Kb6TKW2YQcMvNsktWu5buV-7qVwBvEQklCCRswKW0gci0CFTiUsx5mEEsZ2VYs-2fnCaDM_F1FI_W4Fd3FobKKrs5sZ6obWXoH_kuo_089Lg43pv8DKhrFO2udi00Grc4ctdXmLLNPhzuo33fMXbwZfh5ELRdBQKDqc88SBKdKqWlk8o6UyQ6VFlqcCo31EZHpdoqYw3TLE1swvHSxTIRUZiZqDBFoTi-9w7cFRznEoyfdHST4HHM9xr2Is6zcHeGywKu6MQntbTm1a0BVvDsn9WYG4tyoq6v1Hi8tNQdbMKDFqP6HxuneghrrnwE95eYCx_Dzjd1OZ5WyvpDFK4Wc_876sbfbwr3iPr5CZzdil6ewnpZlW4LfBFyE0d06FXHImIqs6EhmpyMudQwLjx43-kjNy0VOXXEGOeYkpDq8l51HrzuRScN_8bfhD6RUnsBosyub1TTi7yNwFyorLCFUVHElSi0kVwWRcaogYAxiJM92O5MkrdxPMtvvM6Dnf4xRiBtq6jSVYtaBkElAmXuQbpiypUBrT4pL3_UXN4ypgQ39OBNb_R_f-ez_w_xFWwMhifH-fHh6dFzuMeo-oZKHbJtWJ9PF-4Fwqe5fln7rA_ntx0kvwFnwTGo |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3JbtRAEC2FILEcEKswJOCwSFyssbvb2yGKgGGUEIgQSsTcTK8QaWQPsyjKr_F1qfKWGQTccrPcJcuupfuVu_oVwCtEQgkCCRPwLDOByJUIZGJTzHmYRixnsrBm2_98lOyfiI_jeLwBv7uzMFRW2c2J9URtKk3_yAeM9vPQ4-J44NqyiC_D0d70V0AdpGintWun0bjIoT0_w_RtvnswRFu_Zmz04fj9ftB2GAg0pkGLIElUKqXKbCaN1S5RocxTjdO6ppY6MlVGaqOZYmliEo6XNs4SEYW5jpx2TnJ87jW4nnKeUzlhOr5M9jjmfg2TEQ6GgzkuEbi6E7fUyvpXtwlYw7Z_VmbeXJZTeX4mJ5OVZW90F-60eNV_2zjYPdiw5X24vcJi-AB2vsrTyaySxj9G4Wq58L-hbvxhU8RHNNAP4eRK9PIINsuqtI_BFyHXcUQHYFUsIiZzE2qizMmZTTXjwoM3nT4K3dKSU3eMSYHpCamu6FXnwYtedNpwcfxN6B0ptRcg-uz6RjX7UbTRWAiZO-O0jCIuhVM645lzOaNmAlojZvZgqzNJ0cb0vLj0QA92-mGMRtpikaWtlrUMAkwEzdyDdM2Uay-0PlKe_qx5vbOYkt3Qg5e90f_9nU_-_4rP4QaGR_Hp4OjwKdxiVIhDVQ_5FmwuZku7jUhqoZ7VLuvD96uOkQtmPzXr |
| linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwEB7B9gAcWl4VgRalwIFLuonjOPYJtYWqQqJCqCvKKfITVqyS1TYpgl_POMlGmwokJG5RPInsjMfzTTzzGeAVIiGGQMJEKecmokLRSDKbY8xDNGI5w-OWbf_DOTub0feX2eVGFb9Pq8RQfN4u0r4KK0IPFk9JglH6lDGRT5fGvbnu_yUhmEADQSdGb8MWyxCNT2Brdv7x6EtbVNQ_3REKpRjdT69wpY79a0ZuqGXrH0HMmwmSd5pyKX_-kIvFhvc53QG57neXdPL9sKnVof51g9LxfwZ2H7Z7aBoedXPpAdyy5UO4t0FY-AgOPsn5YlVJE16gcNXU4We0lPBtl6_nGZ8fw-z03cXJWdQfshBpjATriDGVS6m45dJY7ZiKpcg1ejbtTxWSuTJSG00UyZlhKV7ajDOaxEInTjsn012YlFVpn0BI41Rnia91VRlNiBQm1p4dRxCba5LSAF6vv3mhewZyfxDGosBIxKunGNQTwItBdNnRbvxJ6NgrbhDwTNntjWr1tegNr6BSOOO0TJJUUqc0T7lzgvhzA7RGeBzA3lrtRW--VwXxm8e4vGVZAAdDMxqe302Rpa2aVgaxJOLjNIB8NF1GHRq3lPNvLYU3z3xcGwfwcphYfx_n03-SegZ3ic-38ckNYg8m9aqx-wiYavW8t4nf7dMPQA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Railroad+Turnout+Wear+Diagnostics&rft.jtitle=Sensors+%28Basel%2C+Switzerland%29&rft.au=Kisilowski%2C+Jerzy&rft.au=Kowalik%2C+Rafa%C5%82&rft.date=2021-10-09&rft.issn=1424-8220&rft.eissn=1424-8220&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=6697&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fs21206697&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_s21206697 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon |