Employing the Interpretable Ensemble Learning Approach to Predict the Bandgaps of the Halide Perovskites

• Published in: Materials Vol. 17; no. 11; p. 2686
• Main Authors: Ren, Chao, Wu, Yiyuan, Zou, Jijun, Cai, Bowen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 02.06.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Accuracy; Algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Atomic properties; Classification; Decision making; Decision trees; Efficiency; Energy; Energy gap; Ensemble learning; Forecasts and trends; Game theory; Informatics; Iodine; Machine learning; Mean square errors; Medical imaging; Perovskite; Perovskites; Photovoltaic cells; Python; Software; Solar cells; China; Shapley additive explanations; bandgap; machine learning; regression; halide perovskite
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma17112686

Halide perovskite materials have broad prospects for applications in various fields such as solar cells, LED devices, photodetectors, fluorescence labeling, bioimaging, and photocatalysis due to their bandgap characteristics. This study compiled experimental data from the published literature and utilized the excellent predictive capabilities, low overfitting risk, and strong robustness of ensemble learning models to analyze the bandgaps of halide perovskite compounds. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of ensemble learning decision tree models, especially the gradient boosting decision tree model, with a root mean square error of 0.090 eV, a mean absolute error of 0.053 eV, and a determination coefficient of 93.11%. Research on data related to ratios calculated through element molar quantity normalization indicates significant influences of ions at the X and B positions on the bandgap. Additionally, doping with iodine atoms can effectively reduce the intrinsic bandgap, while hybridization of the s and p orbitals of tin atoms can also decrease the bandgap. The accuracy of the model is validated by predicting the bandgap of the photovoltaic material MASn1−xPbxI3. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the positive impact of machine learning on material development, especially in predicting the bandgaps of halide perovskite compounds, where ensemble learning methods demonstrate significant advantages.