Additive manufacturing frontier: 3D printing electronics

3D printing is disrupting the design and manufacture of electronic products. 3D printing electronics offers great potential to build complex object with multiple functionalities. Particularly, it has shown the unique ability to make embedded electronics, 3D structural electronics, conformal electron...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inOpto-Electronic Advances Vol. 1; no. 1; pp. 17000401 - 17000410
Main Authors Lu, Bing-Heng, Lan, Hong-Bo, Liu, Hong-Zhong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Chengdu Editorial Office of Opto-Electronic Advances 2018
Institue of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2096-4579
DOI10.29026/oea.2018.170004

Cover

Abstract 3D printing is disrupting the design and manufacture of electronic products. 3D printing electronics offers great potential to build complex object with multiple functionalities. Particularly, it has shown the unique ability to make embedded electronics, 3D structural electronics, conformal electronics, stretchable electronics, etc. 3D printing electronics has been considered as the next frontier in additive manufacturing and printed electronics. Over the past five years, a large number of studies and efforts regarding 3D printing electronics have been carried out by both academia and industries. In this paper, a comprehensive review of recent advances and significant achievements in 3D printing electronics is provided. Furthermore, the prospects, challenges and trends of 3D printing electronics are discussed. Finally, some promising solutions for producing electronics with 3D printing are presented.
AbstractList 3D printing is disrupting the design and manufacture of electronic products. 3D printing electronics offers great potential to build complex object with multiple functionalities. Particularly, it has shown the unique ability to make embedded electronics, 3D structural electronics, conformal electronics, stretchable electronics, etc. 3D printing electronics has been considered as the next frontier in additive manufacturing and printed electronics. Over the past five years, a large number of studies and efforts regarding 3D printing electronics have been carried out by both academia and industries. In this paper, a comprehensive review of recent advances and significant achievements in 3D printing electronics is provided. Furthermore, the prospects, challenges and trends of 3D printing electronics are discussed. Finally, some promising solutions for producing electronics with 3D printing are presented.
Author Lan, Hong-Bo
Lu, Bing-Heng
Liu, Hong-Zhong
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Bing-Heng
  surname: Lu
  fullname: Lu, Bing-Heng
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Hong-Bo
  surname: Lan
  fullname: Lan, Hong-Bo
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Hong-Zhong
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Hong-Zhong
BookMark eNp1kEtLAzEUhbOoYK3duxxwPTWPmTzclfoqFNzoOtzJJCVlOqmZjOC_N23FheDqwrn3nHv4rtCkD71F6IbgBVWY8rtgYUExkQsiMMbVBE0pVrysaqEu0XwYdlmlsuZCiSmSy7b1yX_aYg_96MCkMfp-W7gY-uRtvC_YQ3HIUjqqtrMm5Y03wzW6cNANdv4zZ-j96fFt9VJuXp_Xq-WmNFVVp5LkV44BFS2TDXXYCdXKRlaWY0fBgFRWEo6BWCeFVIo445gwljBqmaQNm6H1ObcNsNO5yR7ilw7g9UkIcashJm86qxlV3FBT1UzhSkAL0IAivHGtMIzkvBm6PWcdYvgY7ZD0Loyxz_U1pYIxzgll-Qqfr0wMwxCt-_1KsD4h1hmxPiLWZ8TZwv9YjE-QfGYYwXf_G78B1saDUQ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s11664_023_10256_6
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_9b02728
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCPMT_2024_3412740
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_precisioneng_2024_11_012
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_3c13638
crossref_primary_10_1002_pen_25534
crossref_primary_10_1002_smtd_202401912
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matcom_2021_04_007
crossref_primary_10_1080_15376494_2022_2045655
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pmatsci_2022_101020
crossref_primary_10_1002_pol_20210225
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41528_024_00340_0
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym12061408
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcis_2020_08_007
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40516_020_00124_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addma_2023_103541
crossref_primary_10_1002_adem_202402715
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addlet_2023_100171
crossref_primary_10_3390_coatings10090885
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3119533
crossref_primary_10_1088_2058_8585_ac28f1
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_023_10938_9
crossref_primary_10_1002_pen_26338
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym14214698
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtcomm_2023_105332
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3157833
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMAT_2024_3440889
crossref_primary_10_7736_JKSPE_020_087
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addlet_2023_100178
crossref_primary_10_1088_2058_8585_acb3dd
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmmp7010015
crossref_primary_10_1088_2399_1984_ac74f9
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCPMT_2022_3195967
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2021_09_231
crossref_primary_10_1002_adem_202300706
crossref_primary_10_1002_admt_202000093
crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1917289117
crossref_primary_10_1126_sciadv_aba5575
crossref_primary_10_1002_admt_202000938
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtnano_2022_100201
crossref_primary_10_1177_15280837221114638
crossref_primary_10_1088_2631_7990_acd826
crossref_primary_10_1002_smll_202100817
crossref_primary_10_1088_2053_1591_acc1c6
crossref_primary_10_3390_app12199616
crossref_primary_10_2478_aei_2024_0008
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_0c09552
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_019_11986_0
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_4c09042
crossref_primary_10_29026_oea_2022_210058
crossref_primary_10_7736_JKSPE_021_021
crossref_primary_10_1115_1_4046889
crossref_primary_10_3390_nano12173076
crossref_primary_10_29026_oea_2021_200045
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma17020471
crossref_primary_10_3390_app9050823
crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0005362
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCPMT_2024_3380468
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2021_132670
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addma_2018_09_010
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsmaterialslett_1c00799
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sna_2021_113214
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2023_3317573
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dt_2024_03_004
crossref_primary_10_1002_admt_201800628
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addma_2023_103469
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surfcoat_2020_125962
crossref_primary_10_35378_gujs_906652
crossref_primary_10_1002_adem_202200173
crossref_primary_10_1002_adfm_202102777
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pmatsci_2024_101336
crossref_primary_10_5104_jiep_23_452
crossref_primary_10_1002_admt_202200097
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apmt_2021_101220
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_crfs_2022_100423
crossref_primary_10_1088_2058_8585_ad43f7
crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6528_ab5f29
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym16121702
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_9b21283
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mfglet_2023_08_122
crossref_primary_10_1002_admt_202101230
crossref_primary_10_17587_mau_23_643_650
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMTT_2020_3022091
crossref_primary_10_1109_TMECH_2024_3400811
crossref_primary_10_3390_nano12234251
crossref_primary_10_3390_mi14112012
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2023_101318
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addma_2024_104495
crossref_primary_10_1002_adem_202301714
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autcon_2022_104624
crossref_primary_10_3390_app11167509
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addma_2022_103244
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2020_126162
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11433_018_9365_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cis_2021_102482
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_paerosci_2023_100959
crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_665X_ad9b5f
crossref_primary_10_1002_adma_202405053
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cirp_2021_05_005
crossref_primary_10_3390_bios10110166
crossref_primary_10_3390_app14146229
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmapro_2023_07_020
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addma_2023_103929
crossref_primary_10_1115_1_4044279
crossref_primary_10_3390_chemosensors10100432
crossref_primary_10_4028_p_LAzt11
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sna_2024_115260
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compscitech_2022_109403
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sna_2020_112434
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2018. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at http://www.oejournal.org/Item/Term.html
Copyright_xml – notice: 2018. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at http://www.oejournal.org/Item/Term.html
CorporateAuthor 1State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710049, China
3Nanomanufacturing and Nano-Optoelectronics Lab, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
2Qingdao Engineering Research Center for 3D Printing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
CorporateAuthor_xml – name: 2Qingdao Engineering Research Center for 3D Printing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
– name: 3Nanomanufacturing and Nano-Optoelectronics Lab, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
– name: 1State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710049, China
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
8FE
8FG
ABJCF
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
BVBZV
CCPQU
DWQXO
HCIFZ
L6V
M7S
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
DOA
DOI 10.29026/oea.2018.170004
DatabaseName CrossRef
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Materials Science & Engineering
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
East & South Asia Database
ProQuest One
ProQuest Central
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Engineering Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering Collection
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Engineering Database
Technology Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Central China
East & South Asia Database
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest Engineering Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Korea
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Engineering Collection
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 8FG
  name: ProQuest Technology Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
EndPage 17000410
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_3296c2c4539047adaaba916bfd7c312e
10_29026_oea_2018_170004
GroupedDBID -SI
-S~
8FE
8FG
AAFWJ
AAXDM
AAYXX
ABJCF
ABUWG
AFKRA
AFPKN
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BENPR
BGLVJ
BPHCQ
BVBZV
CAJEI
CCPQU
CITATION
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
L6V
M7S
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
PTHSS
PUEGO
Q--
TCJ
TGT
U1G
U5S
AZQEC
DWQXO
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-1028f3a27d38b2f0f79d8b84e60f2aca89e8160a1ef878991fcf37ce132e382b3
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISSN 2096-4579
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:12:08 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 10:42:50 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 02:25:59 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:12:22 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c445t-1028f3a27d38b2f0f79d8b84e60f2aca89e8160a1ef878991fcf37ce132e382b3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/3296c2c4539047adaaba916bfd7c312e
PQID 2273366123
PQPubID 4393696
PageCount 10
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_3296c2c4539047adaaba916bfd7c312e
proquest_journals_2273366123
crossref_primary_10_29026_oea_2018_170004
crossref_citationtrail_10_29026_oea_2018_170004
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2018-00-00
20180101
2018-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2018-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – year: 2018
  text: 2018-00-00
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Chengdu
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Chengdu
PublicationTitle Opto-Electronic Advances
PublicationYear 2018
Publisher Editorial Office of Opto-Electronic Advances
Institue of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Publisher_xml – name: Editorial Office of Opto-Electronic Advances
– name: Institue of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
SSID ssj0002856797
Score 2.4667733
Snippet 3D printing is disrupting the design and manufacture of electronic products. 3D printing electronics offers great potential to build complex object with...
SourceID doaj
proquest
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
StartPage 17000401
SubjectTerms 3-D printers
3d printed electronics
3d structural electronics
Additive manufacturing
Disruption
Electronics
embedded electronics
Medical equipment
Rapid prototyping
Sensors
Three dimensional printing
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection
  dbid: 8FG
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV07T8MwELagLCwIBIhCQRlYGEIT24ltFlQepUKCiUrdLD9ZoC19_H98jtMOSKyJIznns-_hu-9D6LqqtSJUi1yo0oYARZBcVFzlwllVGU0Jj420b-_1aExfJ9UkJdyWqayyPRPjQW1nBnLkfYwBuA_AQu7nPzmwRsHtaqLQ2EV7JQ6aBJ3iw5dNjgXzqmaRXwUHTz2nFRPNTSUWIfTozxwAD5X8FjDqElNba5kigP-f8zkaneEhOkjeYjZolvcI7bjpMeIDa2PFT_atpmvoTIithpkHLIJg5e4y8pRBvg4qmrMtz83yBI2Hzx-PozwRIOSG0mqVg_H3RGFmCdfYF54JyzWnri48VkZx4XhZF6p0nrMQOJXeeMKMCxGmIxxrcoo609nUnaGMKiOExVzXjFBvSkE50UT7unCGeey6qN_-vDQJHRxIKr5kiBKiuGQQlwRxyUZcXXSz-WLeIGP8M_YB5LkZB5jW8cFs8SnTFpEEi9pgQysiCsqUVUqr4Lxqb5khJUyx166GTBttKbdqcf7_6wu0DxNqsic91Fkt1u4y-BMrfRWV5hcwgcZ4
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Additive manufacturing frontier: 3D printing electronics
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2273366123
https://doaj.org/article/3296c2c4539047adaaba916bfd7c312e
Volume 1
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: East & South Asia Database
  issn: 2096-4579
  databaseCode: BVBZV
  dateStart: 20180101
  customDbUrl:
  isFulltext: true
  dateEnd: 20210131
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/eastsouthasia
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002856797
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  issn: 2096-4579
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20180101
  customDbUrl: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  isFulltext: true
  dateEnd: 20210131
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002856797
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection
  issn: 2096-4579
  databaseCode: 8FG
  dateStart: 20180101
  customDbUrl:
  isFulltext: true
  dateEnd: 99991231
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002856797
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV09T8MwELWgLCwIBIhCqTKwMIQm_jZbC5QKiQohKnWz_DkgSBFt_z-2k5ZKSLCwRo7ivEt89-y7dwBcEKoVwlrkQpU2EBSBckG4yoWzihiNEU-FtI9jOprghymZbrT6ijlhtTxwDVwPQUENNJgEco6ZskppFUIa7S0zqIQurr7BjW2Qqde0ZUQoS51VYIjRc0yYqM8ooQikozdzUXKo5FdRna7p0bbySUm6_8fKnNzNcB_sNXFi1q_ndwC2XHUIeN_alOuTvatqGWsSUpFh5qMKQfBv1xm6zeJOXcxlzr473MyPwGR493IzypvWB7nBmCzy6PY9UpBZxDX0hWfCcs2xo4WHyiguHC9poUrnOQuUqfTGI2Zc4JYOcajRMWhVs8qdgAwrI4SFXFOGsDelwBxppD0tnGEeujborV5emkYXPLaneJOBHyS4ZIBLRrhkDVcbXK7v-Kg1MX4ZO4h4rsdFNet0IdhYNjaWf9m4DTora8jmF5tLCKOSY1SPOf2PZ5yB3TjtenelA1qLz6U7D_HGQnfBNh_ed8HO4G789NxNH9oXlNHR6w
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6V7QEuPASIQoEcAIlDdhPbiW0kDl1KtaWPU1tVXIyfPQC7pbsrBD-Kv8JfwuM4Wwmk3nrgmjiRZY9n_Nkz3wfwommNpszIUuraRYAiaSkboUvpnW6sYVSkQtqDw3ZyzD6cNqdr8KuvhcG0yt4nJkftZhbPyEeEIHEfkoXkDMo9_-N7xGfzt7vbcTJfErLz_ujdpMwSAqVlrFmUGD4D1YQ7KgwJVeDSCSOYb6tAtNVCelG3la59EDxCjzrYQLn1EaN5Koih8b-vzr-VqFKFt7lZsuMGrAu8sB3A-vhk_PFkdapDRNPypOhCIjYoWcNldzdKZAQ7o5lHqqNaDJEVL2vD9bEwSQb8ExFSmNu5A7_7AeqyWz4PlwsztD__4o78f0bwLtzOO-5iq1si92DNT--D2HIuZU0VX_V0idUdqVyzCMjnEHcKbwq6XeCZJ2aFF5daQfMHcHwt_X8Ig-ls6h9BwbSV0hFhWk5ZsLVkghpqQlt5ywPxGzDqp1PZzLCOQh9fVERayQBUNACFBqA6A9iA16svzjt2kSvajtFCVu2QFzw9mF2cqexmFCWytcSyhsqKce20NjoCABMct7TGLm72tqGys5qrS8N4fPXr53BzcnSwr_Z3D_eewC3sXHcatQmDxcXSP437s4V5lhdFAZ-u27D-AJxOR78
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9QwEB2VVkJcCggQhQI5wIFDdhPb8QcSQl2WVUuh4kCriovxZw-U3dLdFYKfxl_hz-Bxkq0EUm89cE2cyLKfZzz2zHsATxtuDWVWlcrUPgUoipaqkaZUwZvGWUZlLqR9f8B3D9nb4-Z4DX71tTCYVtnbxGyo_czhGfmQECTuQ7KQYezSIj6MJ6_OvpWoIIU3rb2cRguR_fDjewrf5i_3xmmunxEyefPx9W7ZKQyUjrFmUaJ3jdQQ4am0JFZRKC-tZIFXkRhnpAqy5pWpQ5QiRSZ1dJEKF1IIF6gklqb_XoMNyQVLK2pjdDT6dLQ64SGy4SKru5AUJ5SsEaq9JyUqBT7DWUDao1oOkCGv04nr_WKWD_jHO2SXN7kJv_vBajNdvgyWCztwP__ikfw_R_MWbHY78WKnXTq3YS1M74Dc8T5nUxVfzXSJVR-5jLOIyPOQdhAvCjou8CwUs8WLCw2h-V04vJLO3oP16Wwa7kPBjFPKE2m5oCy6WjFJLbWRV8GJSMIWDPup1a5jXkcBkFOdIrAMBp3AoBEMugXDFjxffXHWso5c0naEaFm1Q77w_GB2fqI786MpUdwRxxqqKiaMN8aaFBjY6IWjNXZxu8eJ7ozYXF-A5MHlr5_A9YQe_W7vYP8h3MC-tYdU27C-OF-GR2nbtrCPu_VRwOerBtEfrc9Qjw
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Additive+manufacturing+frontier%3A+3D+printing+electronics&rft.jtitle=Opto-Electronic+Advances&rft.au=Lu%2C+Bing-Heng&rft.au=Lan%2C+Hong-Bo&rft.au=Liu%2C+Hong-Zhong&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=2096-4579&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17000401&rft.epage=17000410&rft_id=info:doi/10.29026%2Foea.2018.170004&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_29026_oea_2018_170004
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2096-4579&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2096-4579&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2096-4579&client=summon