The ACE1 Electrical Impedance Tomography System for Thoracic Imaging

• Published in: IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement Vol. 68; no. 9; pp. 3137 - 3150
• Main Authors: Mellenthin, Michelle M., Mueller, Jennifer L., de Camargo, Erick Dario Leon Bueno, de Moura, Fernando Silva, Santos, Talles Batista Rattis, Lima, Raul Gonzalez, Hamilton, Sarah J., Muller, Peter A., Alsaker, Melody
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States IEEE 01.09.2019; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Biomedical imaging; Calibration; Circuits; Current measurement; Demodulation; Electrical impedance; electrical impedance tomography (EIT); Electrical measurement; Electrical resistivity; Electrodes; Image reconstruction; Impedance; Permittivity; Phase measurement; Signal to noise ratio; thoracic imaging; Tomography; Voltage measurement; electrical impedance tomography; biomedical imaging; thoracic imaging
• ISSN: 0018-9456; 1557-9662
• DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2018.2874127

The design and performance of the active complex electrode (ACE1) electrical impedance tomography system for single-ended phasic voltage measurements are presented. The design of the hardware and calibration procedures allows for reconstruction of conductivity and permittivity images. Phase measurement is achieved with the ACE1 active electrode circuit which measures the amplitude and phase of the voltage and the applied current at the location at which current is injected into the body. An evaluation of the system performance under typical operating conditions includes details of demodulation and calibration and an in-depth look at insightful metrics, such as signal-to-noise ratio variations during a single current pattern. Static and dynamic images of conductivity and permittivity are presented from ACE1 data collected on tank phantoms and human subjects to illustrate the system's utility.